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ASTM D8211-18

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface

Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The autoignition temperature (AIT) of a gas mixture is the minimum temperature at which a gas mixture spontaneously ignites without an external ignition source. AIT is typically determined at atmospheric pressure, using small test vessels open to the atmosphere where gas is quickly injected into the test vessel and heated for a pre-determined time observing ignition or non-ignition (Test Method E659). AIT is often not directly applicable to real world conditions. Therefore, there is need for a test that determines if a gas or liquefied gas ignites or does not ignite when released onto a hot surface in a more unconstrained environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between gases, which will ignite or not ignite when impinged on a hot surface when that surface is heated to 800 °C ± 5 °C (1472 °F) for a period of 2 min in a non-confined environment.  
1.2 This test method may be applied to any non-pyrophoric substance that is a gas or liquefied gas at ambient temperature and pressure.  
1.3 This test method should be used subject to the limitations that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, auto-ignition temperature (AIT), or the performance under the conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product, assembly, or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may nevertheless be employed to describe properly the response of materials, products, assemblies, or systems under said controlled conditions. Properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of hazard or risk assessment only when such assessments takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution of the fire hazard of a given situation.  
1.4 This standard is used to provide a quantitative measure of a gas’s or liquefied gas’s realistic surface ignition temperature in a non-quiescent environment.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2018
ICS
13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8211-18 - Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat SurfaceASTM D8211-18 - Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface
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ASTM D8211-18 - Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8211 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
between gases, which will ignite or not ignite when impinged
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
on a hot surface when that surface is heated to 800 °C 65°C
(1472 °F) for a period of 2 min in a non-confined environment.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2 This test method may be applied to any non-pyrophoric
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
substance that is a gas or liquefied gas at ambient temperature
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Chemi-
and pressure.
cals
1.3 This test method should be used subject to the limita-
tions that no single fire hazard property such as flash point, 3. Terminology
auto-ignition temperature (AIT), or the performance under the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
conditions of the present method shall be used to describe or
3.1.1 auto ignition temperature (AIT), n—the lowest tem-
appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of a material, product,
perature at which a substance spontaneously ignites in normal
assembly, or system under actual fire conditions. Fire hazard
atmosphere without an external source of ignition.
properties measured under controlled laboratory conditions
3.1.2 camera, n—capable of recording at least 30 frames per
may nevertheless be employed to describe properly the re-
second.
sponse of materials, products, assemblies, or systems under
3.1.3 chimney, n—a quartz cylinder tube with the following
said controlled conditions. Properties measured under con-
dimensions: length: 229 mm 6 10 mm (9.02 in. 6 0.39 in.);
trolled laboratory conditions may be used as elements of
inner dimension: 70 mm 6 5 mm (2.76 in. 6 0.2 in.).
hazard or risk assessment only when such assessments takes
into account all of the factors that are pertinent to the evolution
3.1.4 environmental chamber, n—a chamber capable of
of the fire hazard of a given situation.
providing a draft-free environment during testing and able to
provide ventilation after testing is completed; the chamber
1.4 This standard is used to provide a quantitative measure
needs to be able to completely remove the test substance and
of a gas’s or liquefied gas’s realistic surface ignition tempera-
any potential substance decomposition products after testing
ture in a non-quiescent environment.
has completed.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.5 gap height, n—the height of the chimney above the
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
insulation and planchet shall be 4 mm.
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
3.1.6 heating element, n—a unit that is capable of heating a
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface in contact with the planchet up to temperatures of at
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
least 800 °C 6 5 °C (1472 °F).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 hotsurfaceignitiontemperature(HSIT),n—thelowest
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperature at which a substance ignites in normal atmosphere
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
when impinged upon a heated surface.
For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.8 ignition, n—for the purposes of this test method,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ignition shall be defined as any visible flame on or directly
above the planchet, including the length of the chimney,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.L0.07 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Solids (Formally D02.1100). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D8211-18. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
...

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Standard Test Method for Hot Surface Ignition Temperature of Gases on Flat Surface

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The autoignition temperature (AIT) of a gas mixture is the minimum temperature at which a gas mixture spontaneously ignites without an external ignition source. AIT is typically determined at atmospheric pressure, using small test vessels open to the atmosphere where gas is quickly injected into the test vessel and heated for a pre-determined time observing ignition or non-ignition (Test Method E659). AIT is often not directly applicable to real world conditions. Therefore, there is need for a test that determines if a gas or liquefied gas ignites or does not ignite when released onto a hot surface in a more unconstrained environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a means for the discrimination between gases, which will ignite or not ignite when impinged on a hot surface when that surface is heated to 800 °C (1472 °F) or greater for a period of 2 min in a non-confined environment.  
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4.1 These fire-test-response test methods evaluate, under the specified test conditions, the ability of a fire-resistive barrier system to inhibit thermal transmission to the electrical system component within.  
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1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.  
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.  
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.  
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5424-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a variety of fire-test-response characteristics associated with smoke obscuration and resulting from burning the electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables. The specimens are allowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions after ignition by means of a propane gas burner.  
5.2 Smoke obscuration quantifies the visibility in fires.  
5.3 This test method is also suitable for measuring the rate of heat release as an optional measurement. The rate of heat release often serves as an indication of the intensity of the fire generated. Test Method D5537 provides means for measuring heat release with the equipment used in this test method.  
5.4 Other optional fire-test-response characteristics that are measurable by this test method are useful to make decisions on fire safety. The most important gaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present in all fires. They are major indicators of the toxicity of the atmosphere and of the completeness of combustion, and are often used as part of fire hazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy of heat release measurements. Other toxic gases, which are specific to certain materials, are less crucial for determining combustion completeness.  
5.5 Test Limitations:  
5.5.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in this test method are a representation of the manner in which the specimens tested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assume they are representative of a generic fire performance of the materials tested when made into cables of the construction under consideration.  
5.5.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test method is an adequate representation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces, without abundant circulation of air.  
5.5.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictability of its results to large scale fires has not been determined. Some information ...
SCOPE
1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.  
1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the smoke obscuration resulting from burning electrical insulating materials contained in electrical or optical fiber cables when the cable specimens, excluding accessories, are subjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freely under well ventilated conditions.  
1.3 This test method provides two different protocols for exposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to an ignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min test duration. Use it to determine the flame propagation and smoke release characteristics of the materials contained in single and multiconductor electrical or optical fiber cables designed for use in cable trays.  
1.4 This test method does not provide information on the fire performance of electrical or optical fiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specifically used in this test method, nor does it measure the contribution of the cables to a developing fire condition.  
1.5 Data describing the burning behavior from ignition to the end of the test are obtained.  
1.6 The production of light obscuring smoke is measured.  
1.7 The burning behavior is documented visually, by photographic or video recordings, or both.  
1.8 The test equipment is suitable for making other, optional, measurements, including the rate of heat release of the burning specimen, by an oxygen consumption technique and weight loss.  
1.9 Another set of optional measurements are the concentrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases.  
1.10 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI 10.)  
1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...

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ASTM
ASTM D1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Ignition Temperature of Plastics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Tests made under conditions herein prescribed can be of considerable value in comparing the relative ignition characteristics of different materials. Values obtained represent the lowest ambient air temperature that will cause ignition of the material under the conditions of this test. Test values are expected to rank materials according to ignition susceptibility under actual use conditions.  
4.2 This test is not intended to be the sole criterion for fire hazard. In addition to ignition temperatures, fire hazards include other factors such as burning rate or flame spread, intensity of burning, fuel contribution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire test response test method2 covers a laboratory determination of the flash ignition temperature and spontaneous ignition temperature of plastics using a hot-air furnace.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 Caution—During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, or both, are evolved that have the potential to be hazardous to personnel.  
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.3 and 1.4.
Note 1: This test method and ISO 871-2022 (Option 1) are similar in all technical details.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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