ASTM D3053-13

Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2013
• ICS: 01.040.83 - Rubber and plastics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.41 - Carbon Black Nomenclature and Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3053-10 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM D3053-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D8466-22 - Standard Guide for Recovered Carbon Black—Carbon Black Test Methods for Testing rCB
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5596-03(2021) - Standard Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D8178-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D6602-13(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3053 − 13
StandardTerminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet
Hardness
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
other readily available sources are not included.
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
copy
2. Referenced Documents
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vidual Pellet Hardness
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
D6086 Test Method for Carbon Black—Void Volume (VV)
Attrition
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
D6602 PracticeforSamplingandTestingofPossibleCarbon
Number
Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Particulate, or Both
bution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den-
3. Terminology
sity
3.1 Definitions:
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
morphology.
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
Rubber Products
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
Shipments
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
ments
3
primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
Strength
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
features: particles (for example, primary particles), aggregates and
Number (OAN)
agglomerates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is
3
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
the primary particle, they almost never exist alone, but are strongly
ber fusedintoaggregates.Theprimaryparticlesareconceptualinnature,in
that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle no longer exists,
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
they are no longer discrete, and have no physical boundaries amongst
them. As produced, the aggregates are held together by van der Waals
forces and form agglomerates that do not break down into smaller
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
componentsunlessadequateforceisapplied(forexample,shearforce).
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Particle and aggregate sizes are distributional properties and vary
Nomenclature and Terminology.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved depending on the carbon black grade. Transmission electron micro-
in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D3053 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/
graphs shown in Annex A1 of Practice D6602 demonstrate that while
D3053-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on involves thermal black where primary particle sizes within the aggregate are not
the ASTM website. uniform.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3053 − 13
primary particle and aggregate sizes vary greatly within a given grade limited to the tread portion of the tire.These grades are designated with
of carbon black, the primary particle size is essentially uni
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3053 − 10 D3053 − 13
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Number
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass Strength
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet Hardness
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Individual Pellet Hardness
D6086 Test Method for Carbon Black—Void Volume (VV)
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or
Both
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2010June 1, 2013. Published November 2010July 2013. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 as
D3053 – 08b.D3053 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D3053-10.10.1520/D3053-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
DISCUSSION—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 13
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of spheroidal
3
primary particles, particles which exhibit uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate,aggregate and
turbostratic layering within the primary particles.
3
The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black involves thermal black where primary particle sizes within the aggregate are not uniform.
DISCUSSION—
Particle size and aggregate size (number of particles per aggregate) Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological features: particles (for example,
primary particles), aggregates and agglomerates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the primary particle, they almost never exist
3
alone, but are strongly fused into aggregates. The primary particles are conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle
no longer exists, they are no longer discrete, and have no physical boundaries amongst them. As produced, the aggregates are held together by van
der Waals forces and form agglomerates that do not break down into smaller components unless
...