ASTM E1888/E1888M-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Pressurized Containers Made of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic with Balsa Wood Cores
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Pressurized Containers Made of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic with Balsa Wood Cores
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice does not rely on absolute quantities of AE parameters. It relies on trends of cumulative AE counts that are measured during a specified sequence of loading cycles. This practice includes an example of examination settings and acceptance criteria as a nonmandatory appendix.
Acoustic emission (AE) counts were used as a measure of AE activity during development of this practice. Cumulative hit duration may be used instead of cumulative counts if a correlation between the two is determined. Several processes can occur within the structure under examination. Some may indicate unacceptable flaws (for example, growing resin cracks, fiber fracture, delamination). Others may produce AE but have no structural significance (for example, rubbing at interfaces). The methodology described in this practice prevents contamination of structurally significant data with emission from insignificant sources.
Background Noise—Background noise can distort interpretations of AE data and can preclude completion of an examination. Examination personnel should be aware of sources of background noise at the time examinations are conducted. AE examinations should not be conducted until such noise is substantially eliminated.
Mechanical Background Noise—Mechanical background noise is generally induced by structural contact with the container under examination. Examples are: personnel contact, wind borne sand or rain. Also, leaks at pipe connections may produce background noise.
Electronic Noise—Electronic noise such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) can be caused by electric motors, overhead cranes, electrical storms, welders, etc.
Airborne Background Noise—Airborne background noise can be produced by gas leaks in nearby equipment.
Accuracy of the results from this practice can be influenced by factors related to setup and calibration of instrumentation, background noise, material properties, and structural characteristics.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of pressurized containers made of fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) with balsa cores. Containers of this type are commonly used on tank trailers for the transport of hazardous chemicals.
1.2 This practice is limited to cylindrical shape containers, 0.5 m [20 in.] to 3 m [120 in.] in diameter, of sandwich construction with balsa wood core and over 30 % glass (by weight) FRP skins. Reinforcing material may be mat, roving, cloth, unidirectional layers, or a combination thereof. There is no restriction with regard to fabrication technique or method of design.
1.3 This practice is limited to containers that are designed for less than 0.520 MPa [75.4 psi] (gage) above static pressure head due to contents.
1.4 This practice does not specify a time interval between examinations for re-qualification of a pressure container.
1.5 This practice is used to determine if a container is suitable for service or if follow-up NDT is needed before that determination can be made.
1.6 Containers that operate with a vacuum are not within the scope of this practice.
1.7 Repair procedures are not within the scope of this practice.
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation: E1888/E1888M − 12
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Pressurized Containers
Made of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic with Balsa Wood
1
Cores
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1888/E1888M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(AE)examinationsofpressurizedcontainersmadeoffiberglass
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reinforced plastic (FRP) with balsa cores. Containers of this
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
type are commonly used on tank trailers for the transport of
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
hazardous chemicals.
1.2 This practice is limited to cylindrical shape containers,
2. Referenced Documents
0.5 m [20 in.] to 3 m [120 in.] in diameter, of sandwich
2
construction with balsa wood core and over 30% glass (by
2.1 ASTM Standards:
weight) FRP skins. Reinforcing material may be mat, roving,
E543Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
cloth, unidirectional layers, or a combination thereof. There is
Testing
norestrictionwithregardtofabricationtechniqueormethodof
E750Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instru-
design.
mentation
1.3 This practice is limited to containers that are designed E976GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
for less than 0.520 MPa [75.4 psi] (gage) above static pressure
Emission Sensor Response
head due to contents.
E1067PracticeforAcousticEmissionExaminationofFiber-
glass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
1.4 This practice does not specify a time interval between
E1316Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
examinations for re-qualification of a pressure container.
E2374Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
1.5 This practice is used to determine if a container is
Verification
suitable for service or if follow-up NDT is needed before that
3
2.2 SPI/CARP Standards:
determination can be made.
Recommended Practice for Acoustic Emission Testing of
1.6 Containersthatoperatewithavacuumarenotwithinthe
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
scope of this practice.
Recommended Practice for Acoustic Emission Testing of
1.7 Repair procedures are not within the scope of this
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Piping Systems
practice.
4
2.3 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
SNT-TC-1ARecommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
cation and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
ANSI/ASNTCP-189Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
cation of NDT Personnel
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on the ASTM website.
3
Acoustic Emission Method. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1888/E1888M-07. AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
DOI: 10.1520/E1888_E1888M-12. 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1888/E1888M − 12
FIG. 1 Recommended Features of the Apparatus
2.4 AIA Standard: practice includes an example of examination settings and
NAS-410Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification acceptance criteria as a nonmandatory appendix.
5
and Certification
4.2 Acoustic emission (AE) counts were used as a measure
2.5 ASME Standard:
ofAEactivityduringdevelopmentofthispractice.Cumulative
6
Section V, Article 11,Boiler and Pressure Vesse
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1888/E1888M–07 Designation: E1888/E1888M – 12
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Pressurized Containers
Made of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic with Balsa Wood
1
Cores
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1888/E1888M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of pressurized containers made of fiberglass
reinforced plastic (FRP) with balsa cores. Containers of this type are commonly used on tank trailers for the transport of hazardous
chemicals.
1.2 This practice is limited to cylindrical shape containers, 0.5 m [20 in.] to 3 m [120 in.] in diameter, of sandwich construction
with balsa wood core and over 30 % glass (by weight) FRP skins. Reinforcing material may be mat, roving, cloth, unidirectional
layers, or a combination thereof. There is no restriction with regard to fabrication technique or method of design.
1.3 This practice is limited to containers that are designed for less than 0.520 MPa [75.4 psi] (gage) above static pressure head
due to contents.
1.4 This practice does not specify a time interval between examinations for re-qualification of a pressure container.
1.5 This practice is used to determine if a container is suitable for service or if follow-up NDT is needed before that
determination can be made.
1.6 Containers that operate with a vacuum are not within the scope of this practice.
1.7 Repair procedures are not within the scope of this practice.
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E750 Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumentation
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1067 Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 SPI/CARP Standards:
Recommended Practice for Acoustic Emission Testing of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels
Recommended Practice for Acoustic Emission Testing of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Piping Systems
4
2.3 ANSI/ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2007.June 15, 2012. Published July 2007.2012. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20022007 as
E1888/E1888M - 027. DOI: 10.1520/E1888_E1888M-0712.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1888/E1888M – 12
2.4 AIA Standard:
5
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testi
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