ASTM F2792-10
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies
Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standard were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not purport to address safety concerns associated with the use of AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of additive manufacturing.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers, educators, press/media and others.
Note 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still accurate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be necessary.
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Designation: F2792 – 10
Standard Terminology for
,
1 2
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of a material using a print head, nozzle, or another printer
technology.
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms,
descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated
DISCUSSION—Term often used synonymously with additive manufac-
with additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to
turing; in particular associated with low-end machines.
standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, re-
additive manufacturing (AM), n—process of joining materi-
searchers, educators, press/media and others.
als to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon
NOTE 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review
layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodolo-
definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still
gies. Synonyms: additive fabrication, additive processes,
accurate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be
additive techniques, additive layer manufacturing, layer
necessary.
manufacturing, and freeform fabrication.
additive systems, n—machines used for additive manufactur-
2. Referenced Documents
ing.
3
2.1 ISO Standard:
direct metal laser sintering (DMLSt), n—use of laser
ISO 10303 -1:1994 Industrial automation systems and inte-
sintering to make metal parts directly from metal powders
gration--Productdatarepresentationandexchange--Part
without intermediate “green” or “brown” parts; term denotes
1: Overview and fundamental principles
metal-based laser sintering systems from EOS GmbH -
Electro Optical Systems. Synonym: direct metal laser melt-
3. Significance and Use
ing.
3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standard
facet, n—typically a three- or four-sided polygon that repre-
were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not
sents an element of a 3D polygonal mesh surface or model;
purport to address safety concerns associated with the use of
triangular facets are used in STL files.
AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this
fused deposition modeling (FDMt), n—making of thermo-
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices
plastic parts through heated extrusion and deposition of
and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
materials layer by layer; term denotes machines built by
to use of additive manufacturing.
Stratasys, Inc.
laser sintering (LS), n—production of objects from powdered
4. Terminology
materials using one or more lasers to selectively fuse or melt
4.1 Definitions:
the particles at the surface, layer by layer, in an enclosed
3D printing, n—fabrication of objects through the deposition
chamber.
DISCUSSION—Most LS machines partially or fully melt the materials
1
they process. The word “sintering” is a historical term and a misnomer,
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee F42 on Additive
Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee as the process typically involves full or partial melting, as opposed to
F42.91 on Terminology.
traditional powdered metal sintering using a mold and heat and/or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapproved
pressure.
´1
in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2792–09 . DOI: 10.1520/
F2792-10.
prototype tooling, n—molds, dies, and other devices used to
2
Through a mutual agreement withASTM International (ASTM), the Society of
produce prototypes; sometimes referred to as bridge tooling
Manufacturing Engineers (SME) contributed the technical expertise of its RTAM
or soft tooling.
Community members to ASTM to be used as the technical foundation for this
rapid prototyping, n—additive manufacturing of a design,
ASTM standard. SME and its membership continue to play an active role in
providing technical guidance to the ASTM standards development process.
often iterative, for form, fit, or functional testing, or combi-
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
nation thereof.
la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
rapid tooling, n—the use of additive manufacturing to make
www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/
catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20579 tools or tooling quickly, either directly, by making parts that
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
-------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:F2792–09 Designation: F2792 – 10
Standard Terminology for
,
1 2
Additive Manufacturing Technologies
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2792; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Footnote 2 was added editorially in February 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology includes terms, definitions of terms, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and acronyms associated with
additive-manufacturing (AM) technologies in an effort to standardize terminology used by AM users, producers, researchers,
educators, press/media and others.
NOTE 1—The subcommittee responsible for this standard will review definitions on a three-year basis to determine if the definition is still accurate as
stated. Revisions will be made when determined to be necessary.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ISO Standard:
ISO 10303 -1:1994 Industrial automation systems and integration -- Product data representation and exchange -- Part 1:
Overview and fundamental principles
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The definitions of the terms presented in this standard were created by this subcommittee. This standard does not purport
to address safety concerns associated with the use of AM technologies. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use of additive
manufacturing.
4. Terminology
4.1 Definitions:
3D printing, n—fabrication of objects through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle, or another printer
technology.
DISCUSSION—Term often used synonymously with additive manufacturing; in particular associated with low-end machines.
additive manufacturing (AM), n—process of joining materials to make objects from 3D model data, usually layer upon layer,
as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. Synonyms: additive fabrication, additive processes, additive
techniques, additive layer manufacturing, layer manufacturing, and freeform fabrication.
additive systems, n—machines used for additive manufacturing.
direct metal laser sintering (DMLSt), n—use of laser sintering to make metal parts directly from metal powders without
intermediate “green” or “brown” parts; term denotes metal-based laser sintering systems from EOS GmbH - Electro Optical
Systems. Synonym: direct metal laser melting.
facet, n—typically a three- or four-sided polygon that represents an element of a 3D polygonal mesh surface or model; triangular
facets are used in STL files.
fuseddepositionmodeling(FDMt), n—making of thermoplastic parts through heated extrusion and deposition of materials layer
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F42.91 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2009. Published October 2009. DOI: 10.1520/F2792-09.
´1
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2010.PublishedJuly2010.Originallyapprovedin2009.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asF2792–09 .DOI:10.1520/F2792-10.
2
Through a mutual agreement with ASTM International (ASTM), the Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME) contributed the technical expertise of its RTAM
Community members toASTM to be used as the technical foundation for thisASTM standard. SME and its membership continue to play an active role in providing technical
guidance to the ASTM standards development process.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org/
iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=20579
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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F2792 – 10
by layer; term denotes machines built by Stratasys, Inc.
laser sintering (LS), n—production of objects from powdered materials using one or more lasers to selectively fuse or melt the
particles at the surface, layer by layer, in an enclosed chamber.
DISCUSSION—Most LS machines partially or fully melt the materials they process. The word “sintering” is a historical term and a misnomer, as the
process typically involves full or partial melting, as opposed
...
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