ASTM D3525-04(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Some fuel dilution of the engine oil may take place during normal operation. However, excessive fuel dilution is of concern in terms of possible performance problems. This method provides a means to determine the magnitude of the fuel dilution, providing the user with the ability to predict performance problems and to take appropriate action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography to determine the amount of gasoline in used lubricating oils arising from their use in gasoline engines.
1.2 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided that the amount of sample plus internal standard is within the linear range of the gas chromatograph detector.
1.3 This test method is limited to gas chromatographs equipped with flame ionization detectors and programmable ovens.
Note 1—The use of other detectors and instrumentation has been reported. However, the precision statement applies only when the instrumentation specified is employed.
1.4 The applicability of this method to gelled used engine oils has not been adequately investigated in order to ensure compliance with the indicated repeatability and reproducibility. Gelled oils are defined as oils that develop structure on standing, but that return to their original fluidity with light agitation.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: D3525 − 04(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E355 Practice for Gas ChromatographyTerms and Relation-
ships
1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
to determine the amount of gasoline in used lubricating oils
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
arising from their use in gasoline engines.
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
1.2 There is no limitation for the determination of the
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
dilution range, provided that the amount of sample plus
internal standard is within the linear range of the gas chro-
3. Terminology
matograph detector.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This test method is limited to gas chromatographs
3.1.1 For definition of gas chromatography terms, refer to
equipped with flame ionization detectors and programmable
Practice E355.
ovens.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—The use of other detectors and instrumentation has been
3.2.1 fuel diluent, n—in used oil analysis, unburned fuel
reported. However, the precision statement applies only when the instru-
mentation specified is employed. components that enter the engine crankcase cause dilution of
the oil.
1.4 The applicability of this method to gelled used engine
3.2.1.1 Discussion—In this method, the fuel diluent compo-
oils has not been adequately investigated in order to ensure
nents being determined originate from gasoline.
compliancewiththeindicatedrepeatabilityandreproducibility.
Gelled oils are defined as oils that develop structure on
3.2.2 fuel dilution, n—the amount, expressed as a
standing, but that return to their original fluidity with light
percentage, of gasoline found in engine lubricating oil.
agitation.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Fuel dilution may be the result of
engine wear or improper performance.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.3 Abbreviations:
standard.
3.3.1 Acommonabbreviationofhydrocarboncompoundsis
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to designate the number of carbon atoms in the compound. A
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
prefix is used to indicate the carbon chain form, while a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
subscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Example:
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
normal decane n-C
10
iso-tetradecane i-C
14
2. Referenced Documents
2
4. Summary of Test Method
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
4.1 A gas chromatographic technique is used for analyzing
the samples, by adding a known percentage of n-tetradecane as
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
an internal standard, in order to determine the weight percent
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
of gasoline fuel in the lubricating oil. A calibration curve is
Subcommittee D02.B0 on Automotive Lubricants.
previously constructed which plots the gasoline fuel to
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
n-tetradecane response ratio versus the weight percent of
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D35325–04. DOI:
10.1520/D3525-04R10.
gasoline fuel in lubricating oil mixtures containing a constant
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
amount of internal standard. Mass percent of gasoline fuel in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the samples is determined by interpolation from the calibration
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. curve.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3525 − 04 (2010)
TABLE 1 Typical Operating Conditions
Packed Columns Open Tubular Columns
Column length, m (ft) 0.610 (2) 5 – 10
Column outside diameter, mm (in.) 3.2 (1/8) —
Column inner diameter, mm (in.) 2.36 ( 0.093) 0.53
Liquid phase methylsilicone gum or liquids cross-linked, bonded polydimethylsiloxane
Percent liquid phase 10 —
Suppo
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3525–04 Designation:D3525–04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline Engine Oils by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3525; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope *
1.1This test method covers the use of gas chromatography to determine the amount of gasoline in used lubricating oils arising
from their use in gasoline engines.
1.1 This test method covers the use of gas chromatography to determine the amount of gasoline in used lubricating oils arising
from their use in gasoline engines.
1.2 There is no limitation for the determination of the dilution range, provided that the amount of sample plus internal standard
is within the linear range of the gas chromatograph detector.
1.3 This test method is limited to gas chromatographs equipped with flame ionization detectors and programmable ovens.
NOTE 1—The use of other detectors and instrumentation has been reported. However, the precision statement applies only when the instrumentation
specified is employed.
1.4 The applicability of this method to gelled used engine oils has not been adequately investigated in order to ensure
compliance with the indicated repeatability and reproducibility. Gelled oils are defined as oils that develop structure on standing,
but that return to their original fluidity with light agitation.
1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definition of gas chromatography terms, refer to Practice E355.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fuel dilutionfuel diluent, n—the amount, expressed as a percentage, of gasoline found in engine lubricating oil. —in used
oil analysis, unburned fuel components that enter the engine crankcase cause dilution of the oil.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Fuel dilution may be the result of engine wear or improper performance. —In this method, the fuel diluent
components being determined originate from gasoline.
3.2.2 fuel diluentfuel dilution, n—in used oil analysis, unburned fuel components that enter the engine crankcase cause dilution
of the oil. —the amount, expressed as a percentage, of gasoline found in engine lubricating oil.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Inthismethod,thefueldiluentcomponentsbeingdeterminedoriginatefromgasoline.—Fueldilutionmay
be the result of engine wear or improper performance.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0H
on Hydrocarbon Analysis. Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved Nov.Oct. 1, 2004.2010. Published November 2004.2010. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20022004 as
´1
D3525–93(2002) .D3532–04. DOI: 10.1520/D3525-04R10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3525–04 (2010)
3.3 Abbreviations:
3.3.1 Acommonabbreviationofhydrocarboncompoundsistodesignatethenumberofcarbonatomsinthecompound.Aprefix
is used to indicate the carbon chain form, while a subscripted suffix denotes the number of carbon atoms.
Example:
normal decane n-C
10
i
...
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