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ASTM D7185-11

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier's Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D16 - Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals
Drafting Committee
D16.01 - Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7185-10 - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D7185-11a - Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
Effective Date
01-Aug-2011

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7185 – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
Hydrocarbons
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this
Colorimetry
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulom-
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
etry
the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
D6069 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen inAromatic Hydro-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
carbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Chemiluminescence Detection
only.
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-
Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used
metric Karl Fischer Titration
in this specification.
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial
2. Referenced Documents
Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
2
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene
2.1 ASTM Standards:
in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial
Selective Detection
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultra-
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
violet Fluorescence
Cobalt Scale)
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by
3
Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced
Spectrophotometry
Pressure Chemiluminescence Detection
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur
Products
in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxida-
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chro-
tive Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chroma-
matography
tography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-
CIC)
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water in Aro-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
matic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric
Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Karl Fischer Titration
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their
Derivatives. D7504 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7185 - 10. DOI:
Effective Carbon Number
10.1520/D7185-11.
2
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Mono-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
chromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Spectrometry
the ASTM website.
3 E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
on www.astm.org. Determine Conformance with Specifications
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185 – 11
A
If more than one method is listed for a property, the producer and user should
2.2 Other Document:
agree on the referee test method.
OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
B
Clear liquid free of sediment and haze when observed at 18.3 to 25.6°C (65 to
4
1910.1200
78°F).
3. Properties
4. Sampling
3.1 Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene shall
4.1 The material shall be sampled in accordance with
c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7185–10 Designation: D7185 – 11
Standard Specification for
1
Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7185; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard,
an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing
the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in
this specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D848 Test Method for Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D852 Test Method for Solidification Point of Benzene
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D1685 Test Method for Traces of Thiophene in Benzene by Spectrophotometry
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products
D4492 Test Method for Analysis of Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D4735 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography
D5194 Test Method for Trace Chloride in Liquid Aromatic Hydrocarbons
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D5808 Test Method for Determining Chloride in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Microcoulometry
D6069 Test Method for Trace Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl
Fischer Titration
D6875 Test Method for Solidification Point of Industrial Organic Chemicals by Thermistor
D7011 Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective
Detection
D7183 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals by Ultraviolet
Fluorescence
D7184 Test Method for Ultra Low Nitrogen in Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Combustion and Reduced Pressure
Chemiluminescence Detection
D7359 Test Method for Total Fluorine, Chlorine and Sulfur in Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Oxidative
Pyrohydrolytic Combustion followed by Ion Chromatography Detection (Combustion Ion Chromatography-CIC)
D7375 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Water inAromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Mixtures by Coulometric Karl Fischer
Titration
D7504 Test Method forTrace Impurities in MonocyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography and Effective Carbon
Number
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D16 onAromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Aug. 15, 2010. Published September 2010. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D7185-08. DOI:
10.1520/D7185-10.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7185 - 10. DOI:
10.1520/D7185-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7185 – 11
D7536 Test Method for Chlorine in Aromatics by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
D7185 – 11
2.2 Ot
...

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ASTM D7185-19(Specification)
Standard Specification for Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for a grade of benzene known as low toluene low dioxane (LTLD) benzene. Sampled materials shall meet specified values of the following physical and chemical properties: purity; toluene content; sulfur content; thiophene content; nonaromatic hydrocarbons content; nitrogen content; acid wash color; color in Pt-Co scale; 1,4 dioxane content; anhydrous basis solidification point; water content; and total chlorides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a grade of benzene known as Low Toluene Low Dioxane (LTLD) Benzene.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard: for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.  
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ASTM D7011-15(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Trace Thiophene in Refined Benzene by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective Detection

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Accurate gas chromatographic determination of trace levels of thiophene in benzene involves special analytical problems because of the difficulties of trace level analysis. These problems arise from the low concentration levels that need to be measured, the type of column and detector needed for analysis, and the potential interference from the benzene matrix.  
4.2 This test method was found applicable for determining thiophene in refined benzene conforming to the specifications described in Specifications D2359, D4734, and D5871 and may be applicable toward other grades of benzene if the user has taken the necessary precautions as described in the text.  
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SCOPE
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5.2 Automotive fuel specifications generally include
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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SCOPE
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ASTM D3242-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Vanadium and Nickel in Crude and Residual Oil by X-ray Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a rapid and precise elemental measurement with simple sample preparation. Typical analysis times are approximately 4 min to 5 min per sample with a preparation time of approximately 1 min to 3 min per sample.  
5.2 The quality of crude oil is related to the amount of sulfur present. Knowledge of the vanadium and nickel concentration is necessary for processing purposes as well as contractual agreements.  
5.3 The presence of vanadium and nickel presents significant risks for contamination of the cracking catalysts in the refining process.  
5.4 This test method provides a means of determining whether the vanadium and nickel content of crude meets the operational limits of the refinery and whether the metal content will have a deleterious effect on the refining process or when used as a fuel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of total vanadium and nickel in crude and residual oil in the concentration ranges shown in Table 1 using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry.  
1.2 Sulfur is measured for analytical purposes only for the compensation of X-ray absorption matrix effects affecting the vanadium and nickel X-rays. For measurement of sulfur by standard test method use Test Methods D4294, D2622 or other suitable standard test method for sulfur in crude and residual oils.  
1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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