ASTM D6441-05(2016)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings
Standard Test Methods for Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Contrast ratio at a specified film thickness is a useful hiding power parameter for production control and purchasing specifications.
5.2 The greater the hiding power, the less coating is required per unit area to obtain adequate hiding. Knowledge of hiding power is therefore important in regard to coating costs and for comparing coating value.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thickness
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) contrast ratio.
Note 1: The measured parameters follow powder coating industry practice by measuring hiding power in relation to film thickness, rather than the “Spreading Rate” function employed in Test Methods D344 and D2805 and other hiding power test methods.
Note 2: Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power in Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
Note 3: The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric hiding power measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is slightly less than complete.
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic spraying.
1.3 These test methods determine hiding power by means of reflectometric and thickness gage measurements. They are limited to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of 15 %.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and to determine in advance the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6441 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding 2.1 ASTM Standards:
power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters: D16 TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thick- Applications
ness D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) con- the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
trast ratio. D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
tometry
NOTE 1—The measured parameters follow powder coating industry
D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder
practice by measuring hiding power in relation to film thickness, rather
Coatings
than the “Spreading Rate” function employed in Test Methods D344 and
D2805 and other hiding power test methods.
E284 Terminology of Appearance
NOTE 2—Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
in Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
NOTE 3—The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the
coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
hiding power measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
slightly less than complete.
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the Geometry
hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic
2.2 Other Standard:
spraying.
1-GP-71 Method 14.7, Hiding Power, Contrast Ratio
3
Method, October 1982
1.3 Thesetestmethodsdeterminehidingpowerbymeansof
reflectometric and thickness gage measurements. They are
3. Terminology
limited to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
15 %.
3.1.1 reflectance, n—term of wide applicability, referring
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
herein to the luminous reflectance factor as defined in Termi-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
nology E284, and equivalent to the CIE Tristimulus value Y
only.
measured in accordance with Test Methods E1331, E1347 or
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Method E1349 with specular reflection excluded. It is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
expressed as a percentage in this standard.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 white substrate, n—For purposes of this test, a sub-
priate safety and health practices, and to determine in advance
strate of neutral shade with a minimum reflectance of 78 %.
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6441 – 10. DOI: Canadian General Standards Board, (CGSB), 222 Queen St., Ottawa, Ont.,
10.1520/D6441-05R16. Canada K1A 1G6.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6441 − 05 (2016)
3.1.3 black substrate, n—A substrate with a maximum 3.1.8 opacity, n—The degree to which a coating film hides a
reflectance of 1 %, which is effectively zero for the purpose of black and white substrate, as perceived visually or as measured
measuring hiding power.
instrumentally, (see contrast ratio defined in 3.1.7).
3.1.4 white reflectance (R ), n
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6441 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding 2.1 ASTM Standards:
power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters: D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thick- Applications
ness D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) con- the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
trast ratio. D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
tometry
NOTE 1—The measured parameters follow powder coating industry
D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder
practice by measuring hiding power in relation to film thickness, rather
Coatings
than the “Spreading Rate” function employed in Test Methods D344 and
D2805 and other hiding power test methods.
E284 Terminology of Appearance
NOTE 2—Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
in Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
NOTE 3—The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the
surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric
hiding power measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
slightly less than complete.
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°)
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the
Geometry
hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic
2.2 Other Standard:
spraying.
1-GP-71 Method 14.7, Hiding Power, Contrast Ratio
3
Method, October 1982
1.3 These test methods determine hiding power by means of
reflectometric and thickness gage measurements. They are
3. Terminology
limited to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
15 %.
3.1.1 reflectance, n—term of wide applicability, referring
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
herein to the luminous reflectance factor as defined in Termi-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
nology E284, and equivalent to the CIE Tristimulus value Y
only.
measured in accordance with Test Methods E1331, E1347 or
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Test Method E1349 with specular reflection excluded. It is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
expressed as a percentage in this standard.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 white substrate, n—For purposes of this test, a sub-
priate safety and health practices, and to determine in advance
strate of neutral shade with a minimum reflectance of 78 %.
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published April 2016. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D6441 – 10. DOI: Canadian General Standards Board, (CGSB), 222 Queen St., Ottawa, Ont.,
10.1520/D6441-05R16. Canada K1A 1G6.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6441 − 05 (2016)
3.1.3 black substrate, n—A substrate with a maximum 3.1.8 opacity, n—The degree to which a coating film hides a
reflectance of 1 %, which is effectively zero for the purpose of
black and white substrate, as perceived visually or as measured
measuring hiding power. instrumentally, (see contrast ratio defined in 3.1.7).
3.1.4 white reflectance (R ), n—Reflectance of the applied
3.1.9 wedge of coating, n—A film of coating having a range
W
test film over a white substrate
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6441 − 05 (Reapproved 2010) D6441 − 05 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Methods for
1
Measuring the Hiding Power of Powder Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods determine and report the hiding power of a powder coating with respect to two parameters:
1.1.1 Test Method A—Contrast Ratio at a given film thickness
1.1.2 Test Method B—Film thickness at 0.98 (98 %) contrast ratio.
NOTE 1—The measured parameters follow powder coating industry practice by measuring hiding power in relation to film thickness, rather than the
“Spreading Rate” function employed in Test Methods D344 and D2805 and other hiding power test methods.
NOTE 2—Hiding power is photometrically defined as the spreading rate at 0.98 contrast ratio. See definitions of spreading rate and hiding power in
Terminology D16, D2805, and the Paint and Coatings Testing Manual.
NOTE 3—The contrast ratio 0.98 is conventionally accepted in the coatings industry as representing “complete” hiding for reflectometric hiding power
measurements. But visually, as well as photometrically, it is slightly less than complete.
1.2 These test methods cover the determination of the hiding power of powder coatings applied by electrostatic spraying.
1.3 These test methods determine hiding power by means of reflectometric and thickness gage measurements. They are limited
to coatings having a minimum CIE-Y reflectance of 15 %.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and to determine in advance the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflectometry
D3451 Guide for Testing Coating Powders and Powder Coatings
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
2.2 Other Standard:
3
1-GP-71 Method 14.7, Hiding Power, Contrast Ratio Method, October 1982
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 reflectance, n—term of wide applicability, referring herein to the luminous reflectance factor as defined in Terminology
E284, and equivalent to the CIE Tristimulus value Y measured in accordance with Test Methods E1331, E1347 or Test Method
E1349 with specular reflection excluded. It is expressed as a percentage in this standard.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.51 on Powder Coatings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010April 1, 2016. Published December 2010April 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 as
D6441 – 05.D6441 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/D6441-05R10.10.1520/D6441-05R16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Canadian General Standards Board, (CGSB), 222 Queen St., Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 1G6.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6441 − 05 (2016)
3.1.2 white substrate, n—For purposes of this test, a substrate of neutral shade with a minimum reflectance of 78 %.
3.1.3 black substrate, n—A substrate with a maximum reflectance of 1 %, which is effectively zero for the purpose of measuring
hiding pow
...
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