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ASTM E805-12a

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials

Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The options available in methods for the measurement of color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in: (1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedure for sample handling including conditioning, (5) procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for converting instrumental data to final results. Once the measurements have been made, it is essential to document what has been done for the purpose of interlaboratory comparisons, or for future use. A sample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information applicable to any instrumental method of color or color-difference measurement.
Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345, E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386, D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific details of measurements.
Metadata for Color or Color Difference Measurement of Specimens
FIG. 1 Sample Report Form
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color or color difference for current communication or for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended for documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measurement,  
1.2.3 Standards used,
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and
1.2.5 Color scales employed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.04 - Color and Appearance Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E805-12 - Standard Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1349-06(2022) - Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2454-23 - Standard Practice for Determining the Effect of Overbaking on Organic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D4726-18 - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windows and Doors
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1331-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1347-06(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E313-20 - Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D5531-17(2023) - Standard Guide for Preparation, Maintenance, and Distribution of Physical Product Standards for Color and Geometric Appearance of Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2539-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Interference Pigments
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E2194-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Multiangle Color Measurement of Metal Flake Pigmented Materials
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D7195-21 - Standard Guide for Setting Object Color Specifications
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D2244-23 - Standard Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM C1510-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Color and Color Difference of Whitewares by Abriged Spectrophotometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1164-12(2023)e1 - Standard Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM E1348-22 - Standard Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E805 −12a
Standard Practice for
Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-
1
Difference Measurement of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
measurement of color or color difference for current commu-
Cobalt Scale)
nication or for future reference. The practice is applicable to
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by
(ASTM Color Scale)
reflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gard-
for documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-
ner Color Scale)
measurement programs.
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the
Coordinates
metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the mea-
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
surement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five
Colorimetry
parts:
D6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form
lated Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner
of specimens actually measured,
Color)
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
measurement,
of Materials
1.2.3 Standards used,
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and
Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical
1.2.5 Color scales employed.
and Bi-Directional Geometries
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E284 Terminology of Appearance
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
the CIE System
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-
2. Referenced Documents
mens Using the One-Monochromator Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
Color Evaluation
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color
Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Specimens by Spectrophotometry
Appearance Analysis.
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E805 – 12. DOI:
10.1520/E0805-12A.
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E805−12a
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec- D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific
trophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry details of measurements.
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by
Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) 5. Identification of Samples and Specimens
Geometry
5.1 Identification of Samples and Specimens:
E1708 Practice for Electronic Interchange of Color and
5.1.1 Identify samples by material and form, together with
Appearance Data
markings
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E805–12 Designation: E805 – 12a
Standard Practice for
Identification of Instrumental Methods of Color or Color-
1
Difference Measurement of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E805; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color or color difference for current communication
or for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected,
transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended for
documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.
1.2An adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference consists of five parts:
1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the
metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:
1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,
1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measurement,
1.2.3 Standards used,
1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and
1.2.5 Color scales employed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale)
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell System
D1544 Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
D6166 Test Method for Color of Naval Stores and Related Products (Instrumental Determination of Gardner Color)
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
E259 Practice for Preparation of Pressed Powder White Reflectance Factor Transfer Standards for Hemispherical and
Bi-Directional Geometries
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
E991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator Method
E1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation
E1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens by Spectrophotometry
E1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.04 on Color and
Appearance Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb.July 1, 2012. Published FebruaryAugust 2012. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
E805–06.E805 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/E0805-12A.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E805 – 12a
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
E1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
E
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acoustical materials are often used as the entire ceiling of rooms and are therefore an important component of the lighting system. The luminous reflectance of all important components must be known in order to predict the level of illumination that will be obtained.  
5.2 The reflecting properties of a surface are measured relative to those of a standard reflector, the perfect reflecting diffuser, to provide a reflectance factor. The luminous reflectance factor is calculated for a standard illuminant, and a standard observer, for the standard hemispherical (integrating-sphere) geometry of illumination and viewing, in which all reflected radiation from an area of the surface is collected. In this way the reflecting properties of an acoustical material can be represented by a single number measured and calculated under standard conditions.  
5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1349-06(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using spectrophotometers or spectrocolorimeters with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by spectrophotometry using a bidirectional (0:45 or 45:0) optical measuring system. The method for color and color difference measurement using filter colorimeters is contained in Test Method E1347.  
5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurement of the following types of specimens for the indicated uses (see also Guide E179 and Practice E805):  
5.2.1 Object-color specimens of any gloss level for color assessment.  
5.2.2 Object-color specimens with physically flat, smooth surfaces from which to obtain data for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.2.3 Retroreflective specimens.
Note 1: To ensure inter-instrument agreement in the measurement of specimens with intermediate gloss, for formulation, or of retroreflective specimens, significantly tighter tolerances than those given in Practice E1164, Influx and Efflux Conditions, 45°:Normal (45:0) and Normal:45° (0:45) Reflectance Factor section, may be required for the instrument angles of illumination and viewing. Information on the required tolerances is being developed.  
5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurement of specimens with bare metal surfaces for color assessment, for which the use of hemispherical measurement geometry, as with an integrating-sphere type instrument, is preferable (see Guide E179).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a bidirectional optical measuring system, such as annular, circumferential, or uniplanar 45:0 or 0:45 geometry.  
1.2 This test method is generally suitable for any non-fluorescent, flat object-color specimen. It is especially recommended for measuring retroreflective specimens and specimens of intermediate gloss.  
1.3 Procedures required for the measurement of fluorescent object color are given in Practice E991 and Practice E2153.  
1.4 Procedures required for the measurement of color using filter colorimeters are contained in Test Method E1347 and this standard does not address those instruments.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2301-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E179-17(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in selecting terminology, measurement scales, and instrumentation for describing or evaluating such appearance characteristics as glossiness, opacity, lightness, transparency, and haziness in terms of reflected or transmitted light. This guide does not consider the spectral variations responsible for color, but the geometric variables described herein can importantly affect instrumentally measured values of color. This guide is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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