ASTM E749/E749M-17
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments during fabrication may provide information related to the integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is the ability of the method to provide immediate real-time information on weld integrity. This feature makes the method useful to lower weld costs by repairing defects at the most convenient point in the production process. The AE activity from discontinuities in the weldment is stimulated by the thermal stresses from the welding process. The AE activity resulting from this stimulation is detected by AE sensors in the vicinity of the weldment, which convert the acoustic waves into electronic signals. The AE instrumentation processes signals and provides means for immediate display or indication of AE activity and for permanent recordings of the data.
4.2 Items to be considered in preparation and planning for monitoring should include but not be limited to the following:
4.2.1 Description of the system or object to be monitored or examined,
4.2.2 Extent of monitoring, that is, entire weld, cover passes only, and so forth,
4.2.3 Limitations or restrictions on the sensor mounting procedures, if applicable,
4.2.4 Performance parameters to be established and maintained during the AE system verification procedure (sensitivity, location accuracy, and so forth),
4.2.5 Maximum time interval between AE system verification checks,
4.2.6 Performance criteria for purchased equipment,
4.2.7 Requirements for permanent records of the AE response, if applicable,
4.2.8 Content and format of test report, if required, and
4.2.9 Operator qualification and certification, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E749/E749M − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E749/E749M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice provides recommendations for acoustic 2.1 ASTM Standards:
emission (AE) monitoring of weldments during and immedi- E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
ately following their fabrication by continuous welding pro- Testing
cesses. E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Struc-
tures During Controlled Stimulation
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in
Sensors
their heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
and solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discon-
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
tinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is depen-
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
dentonthedesignoftheAEsystem,theAEsystemverification
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
that have been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive
steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system
Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
performance must be verified for each application by demon-
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
strating that the defects of concern can be detected with the
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing: Qualification and Certi-
desired reliability.
fication of NDT Personnel
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
3. Terminology
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to acoustic
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
emission testing, see Section B of Terminology E1316.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
conformance with the standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Detection and location of AE sources in weldments
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
during fabrication may provide information related to the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
integrity of the weld. Such information may be used to direct
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
repair procedures on the weld or as a guide for application of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
other nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. A major
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
attribute of applying AE for in-process monitoring of welds is
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the ASTM website.
3
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on WilsonBlvd.,Suite1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
Acoustic Emission Method.
5
Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originally Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E749 -12. DOI: Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
10.1520/E0749-17. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E749/E749M − 12 E749/E749M − 17
Standard Practice for
1
Acoustic Emission Monitoring During Continuous Welding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E749/E749M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice provides recommended guidelines recommendations for acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of weldments
during and immediately following their fabrication by continuous welding processes.
1.2 The procedure described in this practice is applicable to the detection and location of AE sources in weldments and in their
heat-affected zone during fabrication, particularly in those cases where the time duration of welding is such that fusion and
solidification take place while welding is still in progress.
1.3 The effectiveness of acoustic emission to detect discontinuities in the weldment and the heat-affected zone is dependent on
the design of the AE system, the AE system verification procedure, the weld process, and the material type. Materials that have
been monitored include low-carbon steels, low-alloy steels, stainless steels, and some aluminum alloys. The system performance
must be verified for each application by demonstrating that the defects of concern can be detected with the desired reliability.
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E569 Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
4
2.3 AIA Standard:
NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Personnel (Quality Assurance Committee)
5
2.4 ISO Standard:
ISO 9712 Non-Destructive Testing: Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on Acoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012June 1, 2017. Published July 2012June 2017. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20072012 as
E749 - 07.E749 -12. DOI: 10.1520/E0749-12.10.1520/E0749-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
5
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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