ASTM C412-19

Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile

ABSTRACT
This specification covers concrete drain tile, to be used for surface and subsurface drainage. Manufactured drain tile shall be of the following classes: standard-quality concrete drain tile, extra-quality concrete drain tile, heavy-duty extra-quality concrete drain tile, and special-quality concrete drain tile. The concrete shall consist of mineral aggregates, water, and cementitious materials that include Portland cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, aggregates, admixtures and blends, and synthetic fibers. Concrete drain tile shall meet the physical requirement of the specification according to class, depending on soil acidity and sulfate content. Test specimens shall meet the external load crushing strength test requirement of the specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with internal diameters from 4 to 36 in. that are intended to be used for surface and subsurface drainage.  
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C412 has been developed—C412M; therefore, no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.  
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of drain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide for or require inspection at the construction site.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jul-2019
• ICS: 23.040.50 - Pipes and fittings of other materials
• Technical Committee: C13 - Concrete Pipe
• Drafting Committee: C13.01 - Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C412-15 - Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile
• Effective Date: 15-Jul-2019
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-24 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM C497-19a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2019
• Refers: ASTM C150/C150M-19 - Standard Specification for Portland Cement
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497-19 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM C497-18b - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2018
• Refers: ASTM C497-18a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-May-2018
• Refers: ASTM C497-18 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM C822-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-17 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C618-17 - Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Refers: ASTM C497-17 - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM C595/C595M-17 - Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2017
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-16e1 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2016
• Refers: ASTM C497-16a - Standard Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or Tile
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016

Overview

ASTM C412-19: Standard Specification for Concrete Drain Tile establishes requirements for concrete drain tile used in surface and subsurface drainage applications. Published by ASTM International, this standard defines the physical and material properties for manufactured concrete drain tile with internal diameters from 4 to 36 inches. ASTM C412-19 is widely referenced by infrastructure owners, contractors, and manufacturers to assure performance and durability for drainage installations in a variety of soil and environmental conditions.

The specification sets out four classes of concrete drain tile-Standard-Quality, Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, and Special-Quality-to address a range of installation needs and exposure conditions, including resistance to acidic and sulfate-rich soils. The standard also covers physical strength, absorption testing, permissible dimensional variations, materials specifications, and inspection criteria.

Key Topics

• Product Classes:

  • Standard-Quality: For ordinary soils and moderate trench dimensions (not recommended above 12-in. diameter)
  • Extra-Quality: For greater trench depths or widths in ordinary soils
  • Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality: For large trench depths or widths in ordinary soils
  • Special-Quality: For installations in markedly acidic soils or soils with high sulfate content; greater chemical durability required

• Material Requirements:

  • Concrete consists of mineral aggregates, water, and cementitious materials (including Portland cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and various admixtures)
  • Optionally allows for the use of synthetic and nonsynthetic fibers for enhanced manufacturing

• Physical Testing:

  • Drain tile must meet crushing strength requirements, varying by class and size
  • Absorption tests verify water permeability, with stricter limits for higher durability classes
  • Dimensional tolerances specified for internal diameter, wall thickness, and length

• Chemical Resistance:

  • Criteria address installation in soils with low pH (≤6.0) or elevated sulfate concentrations
  • Special cement types or combinations may be specified for enhanced sulfate resistance

• Inspection & Acceptance:

  • Tile must be inspected for shape, dimensions, visible defects, and compliance with test results
  • Manufacturer must provide written certification of compliance with any special provisions

Applications

Concrete drain tile manufactured to ASTM C412-19 is essential for a wide range of surface and subsurface drainage projects, including:

• Agricultural drainage: Removing excess water from fields to prevent crop damage
• Stormwater management: Controlling runoff beneath pavements or landscapes
• Infrastructure protection: Draining groundwater from below roads, railways, or building foundations
• Land reclamation: Redirecting water to reclaim and stabilize land for development or farming

The standard ensures that material choices and physical performance criteria align with project-specific needs, including exposure to corrosive soils or aggressive environments. By following ASTM C412-19, project stakeholders can reduce the risk of premature drain system failure and improve long-term durability.

Related Standards

For comprehensive design and quality assurance, ASTM C412-19 references several key standards, including:

• ASTM C33/C33M: Specification for Concrete Aggregates
• ASTM C150/C150M: Specification for Portland Cement
• ASTM C260/C260M: Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
• ASTM C494/C494M: Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
• ASTM C497: Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Sections, and Tile
• ASTM C595/C595M: Blended Hydraulic Cements
• ASTM C618: Coal Fly Ash and Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
• ASTM C822: Terminology Related to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
• ASTM C989/C989M: Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• ASTM C1017/C1017M: Admixtures for Flowing Concrete
• ASTM C1116/C1116M: Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
• ASTM C1602/C1602M: Water for Hydraulic Cement Concrete

By integrating ASTM C412-19 into construction and procurement processes, the durability, safety, and longevity of concrete drainage systems are enhanced, meeting the needs of both public and private infrastructure projects.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C412 −19
Standard Specification for
Concrete Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with inter-
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
nal diameters from 4 to 36 in. that are intended to be used for
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
surface and subsurface drainage.
Products
1.2 Acomplete metric companion to Specification C412 has
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
been developed—C412M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
Concrete and Mortars
presented in this specification.
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specifica-
Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
tion only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
draintile.However,experiencehasshownthatthesuccessfulperformance
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
of the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile,
type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate
3. Terminology
the field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide for
or require inspection at the construction site.
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtoconcrete
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
pipe, see Terminology C822.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4. Classification
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 Drain tile manufactured according to this specification
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
shall be of the following four classes:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for
2. Referenced Documents
land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in
trenches of moderate depths and widths. Standard-Quality
2.1 ASTM Standards:
concrete drain tile are not recommended for use where internal
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
diameters in excess of 12 in. are required.
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures 4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land
for Concrete drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches of
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
considerable depths or widths, or both.
Concrete
4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, in-
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box
tendedforlanddrainageofordinarysoilswherethetilearelaid
Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
in trenches of large depths or widths, or both.
4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile,intendedforland
drainage where special precautions are necessary for concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on tile laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusual
Non-Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
quantities of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the tile are laid
Current edition approved July 15, 2019. Published July 2019. Originally
in trenches of considerable depths or widths, or both.
approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C412 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/C0412-19.
4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
crushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements for
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
extra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tile
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. strengths must be specified in advance by the owner.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C412−19
5. Basis of Acceptance 6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing
concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1)
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and in
Test Methods C497,(2) measurements and inspection to 6.5 Fibers—Syntheticfibersandnonsyntheticfibersshallbe
allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete
ascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regard-
ing dimensions, shape, and freedom from visible defects, and pipeasanonstructuralmanufacturingmaterial.Syntheticfibers
(Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed
(3) the manufacturer’s certification in writing that the tile have
been made in accordance with any special provisions, such as andmanufacturedspecificallyforuseinconcreteandconform-
ing to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall
strength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture,
curing conditions, etc. be accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall
5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes of
concrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality, Extra- be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. Unless
Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality
7. Chemical Requirements
concrete drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality drain
7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:
tile shall be accepted.
7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying special
requirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tile
6. Materials
in cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters are
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious
markedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soil
materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
sulfates. Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tile
6.2 Cementitious Materials: shall be rejected by reason of its composition as determined
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements later by chemical analyses.
for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, or shall be 7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lower
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, shall be considered to be markedly acid.
or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements 7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium or
of Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan con- magnesium,singlyorincombination,from400to2000ppmin
stituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly the soil or drainage water, samples shall be considered to
ash. constitute moderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of ppm shall be considered to be severe sulfate quantities.
7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedly
Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
acid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in the
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
table for Special-Quality concrete drain tile.
quirementsofGrade100or120ofSpecificationC989/C989M.
7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfate
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
quantities (Note 2) if if required by the owner, shall be
Thecombinationofcementitiousmaterialsusedintheconcrete
specified to meet the physical requirements for Special-Quality
shall be one of the following:
concretedraintile(8.3.4).Tilethatwillbeexposedtomoderate
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
sulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall be
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
specified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M)
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
containing not more than 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A).Tile
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
that will be exposed to severe sulfate quantities (Note 2), if
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
required by the owner, shall be specified to be made with
limestone cement and fly ash,
Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not more than 5 %
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
C3A. If mutually agreed upon between the manufacturer and
limestone cement and slag cement,
owner, other cements, as described in Section 6, that have been
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-
proven to be adequately sulfate resistant shall be used.
limestone cement, fly ash and slag cement, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly
8. Physical Requirements
ash.
8.1 Test Specimens—The drain tile to be tested shall be
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the require-
selected at random by the owner at the point or points specified
ments of Specification C33/C33M, except that the require-
in the order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall be
ments for gradation shall not apply.
inspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additional
expense for making tests and inspection in advance of ship-
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are
ment shall be paid by the manufacturer.
allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification
8.2 Standard Sample—Each standard physical test shall be
C260/C260M; made on five individual tile of each size ranging from 4-in.
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification through 12-in. diameters; two individual tiles of each size
C494/C494M; ranging from 14-in. through 24-in. diameters; or on one tile of
C412−19
each size exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The manufacturer shall 8.4.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the Method A
furnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % of each size of absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 2.
the order.The owner shall pay for all the tile in excess of 0.5 %
No absorption tests are required if the strength requirements of
of each size of the order at the same price as paid for other tile
Table 2, Column A, are met.
of the same size and quality.
8.4.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the
8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements: MethodAabsorption test shall meet the requirements given in
8.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-
Table 3.
edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements
8.4.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile the Method A
given in Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test is
absorption test shall meet the requirements given in Table 4.
required, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall
8.4.5 Specimens for the Method A absorption tests shall be
meet the requirements given in Table 1, Column B, where an
selected in accordance with the following provisions:
absorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.
8.4.5.1 For the tile with inside diameters of 12 in. or less,
8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-
and lengths of 12 in., the absorption test shall be made on one
bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
full-length quarter segment taken from each of the five tile
Table 2, ColumnA, where no absorption test is required, or the
three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require- broken in the strength test, constituting a standard sample as
ments given in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test is defined in 8.2. By quarter segment is meant one of the four
required of the limits noted in Table 2. pieces into which a tile usually breaks in the strength test. If a
8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the tile breaks in such a manner that a satisfactory quarter segment
three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the require-
cannot be obtained, then the absorption test shall be made of
ments given in Table 3.
two or more pieces that approximate the area of a quarter tile
8.3.4 ForSpecial-Qualityconcretedraintile,thethree-edge-
of that size selected so that both ends and the center portion of
bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
thetilearerepresented.Theaverageabsorptionofthepiecesso
Table 4, or the higher specified load.
selected shall be considered the absorption for that tile.
8.4.5.2 For nonreinforced tile with inside diameters or
NOTE 2—To meet the crushing strength requirements shown in the
tables, it is not prohibited to supply
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C412 − 15 C412 − 19
Standard Specification for
Concrete Drain Tile
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers concrete drain tile with internal diameters from 4 to 36 in. that are intended to be used for surface
and subsurface drainage.
1.2 A complete metric companion to Specification C412 has been developed—C412M; therefore, no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
NOTE 1—This specification is a manufacturing and purchase specification only and does not include requirements for bedding, backfill, or the
relationship between field load condition and the strength classification of drain tile. However, experience has shown that the successful performance of
the product depends upon the proper selection of the class of drain tile, type of bedding and backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the
construction specifications. The owner is cautioned that he must correlate the field requirements with the class of drain tile specified and provide for or
require inspection at the construction site.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing Concrete
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.
4. Classification
4.1 Drain tile manufactured according to this specification shall be of the following four classes:
4.1.1 Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches of
moderate depths and widths. Standard-Quality concrete drain tile are not recommended for use where internal diameters in excess
of 12 in. are required.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.01 on Non-Reinforced
Concrete Sewer, Drain and Irrigation Pipe.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015July 15, 2019. Published October 2015July 2019. Originally approved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 as
C412 – 11.C412 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0412-15.10.1520/C0412-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C412 − 19
4.1.2 Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in trenches of
considerable depths or widths, or both.
4.1.3 Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage of ordinary soils where the tile are laid in
trenches of large depths or widths, or both.
4.1.4 Special-Quality Concrete Drain Tile, intended for land drainage where special precautions are necessary for concrete tile
laid in soils that are markedly acid or contain unusual quantities of sulfates (see Section 7), and where the tile are laid in trenches
of considerable depths or widths, or both.
4.1.4.1 Where the calculated loads are in excess of the crushing strengths prescribed in the physical requirements for
extra-quality and special-quality concrete drain tile, tile strengths must be specified in advance by the owner.
5. Basis of Acceptance
5.1 The acceptability of drain tile shall be determined by (1) the results of the physical tests as specified in Section 8, and in
Test Methods C497, (2) measurements and inspection to ascertain whether the tile conform to the requirements regarding
dimensions, shape, and freedom from visible defects, and (3) the manufacturer’s certification in writing that the tile have been
made in accordance with any special provisions, such as strength, absorption, permeability, type of cement, admixture, curing
conditions, etc.
5.2 The owner shall specify in writing the class or classes of concrete tile to be supplied, whether Standard-Quality,
Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality. Unless Extra-Quality, Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Special-Quality
concrete drain tile have been specified, Standard-Quality drain tile shall be accepted.
6. Materials
6.1 Concrete—The concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures, if used, and water.
6.2 Cementitious Materials:
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, or shall be
portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only,
6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,
6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, fly ash and slag cement, or
6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirements for
gradation shall not apply.
6.4 Admixtures—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;
6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;
6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and
6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
6.5 Fibers—Synthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturer’s option, in concrete pipe
as a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type I) designed and
manufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall be
accepted.
6.6 Water—Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
7. Chemical Requirements
7.1 Acid and Sulfate Resistance:
C412 − 19
7.1.1 The owner is not prohibited from specifying special requirements in order to increase the durability of the drain tile in
cases where the soils, soil waters, or drainage waters are markedly acid or contain moderate or severe quantities of soil sulfates.
Without a specific agreement in advance, no drain tile shall be rejected by reason of its composition as determined later by chemical
analyses.
7.1.1.1 Soils or drainage waters with a pH of 6.0 or lower shall be considered to be markedly acid.
7.1.1.2 Where the sulfates are chiefly sodium or magnesium, singly or in combination, from 400 to 2000 ppm in the soil or
drainage water, samples shall be considered to constitute moderate sulfate quantities, while in excess of 2000 ppm shall be
considered to be severe sulfate quantities.
7.1.2 Concrete drain tile that will be installed in markedly acid soils shall meet the physical requirements given in the table for
Special-Quality concrete drain tile.
7.1.3 Tile that will be exposed to moderate or severe sulfate quantities (Note 2) if if required by the owner, shall be specified
to meet the physical requirements for Special-Quality concrete drain tile (8.3.4). Tile that will be exposed to moderate sulfate
quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner, shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not
more than 8 % tricalcium aluminate (C3A). Tile that will be exposed to severe sulfate quantities (Note 2), if required by the owner,
shall be specified to be made with Portland Cement (C150/C150M) containing not more than 5 % C3A. If mutually agreed upon
between the manufacturer and owner, other cements, as described in Section 6, that have been proven to be adequately sulfate
resistant shall be used.
8. Physical Requirements
8.1 Test Specimens—The drain tile to be tested shall be selected at random by the owner at the point or points specified in the
order. If agreeable to the owner, the tile shall be inspected and tested in advance of shipment. Any additional expense for making
tests and inspection in advance of shipment shall be paid by the manufacturer.
8.2 Standard Sample—Each standard physical test shall be made on five individual tile of each size ranging from 4-in. through
12-in. diameters; two individual tiles of each size ranging from 14-in. through 24-in. diameters; or on one tile of each size
exceeding 24 in. in diameter. The manufacturer shall furnish tile without separate charge up to 0.5 % of each size of the order. The
owner shall pay for all the tile in excess of 0.5 % of each size of the order at the same price as paid for other tile of the same size
and quality.
8.3 External Load Crushing Strength Test Requirements:
8.3.1 For Standard-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
Table 1, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements
given in Table 1, Column B, where an absorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 1.
8.3.2 For Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in Table
2, Column A, where no absorption test is required, or the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given
in Table 2, Column B, where an absorption test is required of the limits noted in Table 2.
8.3.3 For Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements
given in Table 3.
8.3.4 For Special-Quality concrete drain tile, the three-edge-bearing crushing strength shall meet the requirements given in
Table 4, or the higher specified load.
TABLE 1 Physical Test Requirements for Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
Standard-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
B
Three-Edge Bearing Crushing Strength Method A Absorption
Internal
Maximum Wall
Designated
Thickness for Minimum Average, Minimum Average,
Minimum for Maximum for
Maximum
Diameter, in.
Indicated lbf/linear ft lbf/linear ft
Individual Tile, Individual Tile,
A Average, %
Strength, in.
lbf/linear ft %
A B
4 . . 800 700 10 11
5 ⁄16 900 800 700 10 11
5 ⁄8 1000 800 700 10 11
6 ⁄8 900 800 700 10 11
6 ⁄4 1000 800 700 10 11
8 ⁄4 900 800 700 10 11
8 ⁄8 1000 800 700 10 11
10 ⁄8 900 800 700 10 11
10 1 1000 800 700 10 11
12 1 900 800 700 10 11
C
12 1 ⁄8 1000 800 700 10 11
A
Maximum wall thickness for the indicated minimum average crushing strength, Column A, when no absorption test is required.
B
Drain tile meeting the above strength requirements are not necessarily safe against cracking in deep and wide trenches.
C
Tile with diameters greater than 12 in., shall meet the requirements specified in Table 2 for Extra-Quality, Table 3 for Heavy-Duty Extra-Quality, or Table 4 for
Special-Quality concrete drain tile.
C412 − 19
TABLE 2 Physical Test Requirements for Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
Extra-Quality Concrete Drain Tile
B
Three-Edge-Bearing Crushing Strength Method A Absorption
Internal
Maximum Wall
Designated
Wall Thickness for Minimu
...