ASTM B214-99

Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dry sieve analysis of granular metal powders.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1999
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.02 - Base Metal Powders

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM B214-07 - Standard Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2007
• Referred By: ASTM F2924-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F1377-21 - Standard Specification for Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Powder for Medical Devices (UNS R30075, UNS R31537, and UNS R31538)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D520-00(2019) - Standard Specification for Zinc Dust Pigment
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3187-16 - Standard Guide for Directed Energy Deposition of Metals
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3456-22 - Standard Guide for Powder Reuse Schema in Powder Bed Fusion Processes for Medical Applications for Additive Manufacturing Feedstock Materials
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3184-16 - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Stainless Steel Alloy (UNS S31603) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D521-02(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Zinc Dust (Metallic Zinc Powder)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3049-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F3001-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F106-12(2017) - Standard Specification for Brazing Filler Metals for Electron Devices (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999
• Referred By: ASTM F1580-18 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium Alloy Powders for Coatings of Surgical Implants
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B214–99
Standard Test Method for
Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope agreementbetweenpowdermanufactureranduser,oritmaybe
an internal quality control test for either. This test method is
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dry
appropriate for materials with size distributions typified by
sieve analysis of metal powders.
metal powders used in powder metallurgy.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Sieves—A set of standard sieves selected from Table 1
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of Specification E 11, or the equivalent Tyler standard sieves.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The sieves shall be 8 in. (203.2 mm) in diameter and either 1
2. Referenced Documents or 2 in. (25 or 50 mm) in depth and fitted with bronze, brass,
stainless steel, or other suitable wire cloth. The U.S. sieves
2.1 ASTM Standards:
given in Table 1 of this method shall conform to Specification
B 212 Test Method for Apparent Density of Free-Flowing
E 11. If Tyler standard sieves are substituted, they shall
Metal Powders Using the Hall Flowmeter Funnel
conform to the permissible variations given in Table 1 of
B 215 Practices for Sampling Finished Lots of Metal Pow-
Specification E 11.
ders
B 243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
NOTE 1—The new U.S. Series standard sieves, adopted in 1970, are the
E 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
preferred sieves to use.The old U.S. Series standard sieves and equivalent
sieves manufactured by other companies, such as Tyler, may also be used
poses
if the new U.S. Series is not available. Care should be taken to make sure
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
4 that sieve opening sizes are correct when performing standardization
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
work.
2.2 MPIF Standard:
5.2 Sieve Shaker— A mechanically operated, single eccen-
MPIF 05 Determination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Pow-
tric sieve shaker which imparts to the set of sieves a rotary
ders
motion and tapping action of uniform speed, shall be used.The
3. Terminology
number of rotations per minute shall be between 270 and 300.
The number of taps per minute shall be between 140 and 160.
3.1 Definitions—Useful definitions of terms for metal pow-
The sieve shaker shall be fitted with a plug to receive the
ders and powder metallurgy are found in Terminology B 243.
impact of the tapping device. The entire apparatus shall be
4. Significance and Use
rigidly mounted by bolting to a solid foundation, preferably of
concrete.Atime switch should be provided to ensure accuracy
4.1 The particle size distribution of a metal powder affects
of duration of the test.
its behavior in P/M processing and other applications of these
materials. The test method may be part of the purchase
NOTE 2—Use of a sound proof enclosure is recommended.
5.3 Balance—A balance having a capacity of at least 110 g
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B-9 on Metal and a sensitivity of 0.01 g.
Powders and Metal Powder Products, and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
mittee B09.02 on Base Metal Powders.
6. Test Specimen
Current edition approved April 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally
6.1 Thesizeofthetestspecimenshallbe90to100gforany
published as B 214 – 46 T. Last previous edition B 214 – 92.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 02.05 metal powder having an apparent density greater than 1.50
Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 14.02.
g/cm when determined in accordance with Test Method
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
B 212.A40 to 60-g specimen shall be used when the apparent
Available from Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF), 105 College Road
East, Princeton, NJ 08540.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
B214–99
TABLE 1 U.S. Standard Series Test Sieves and Equivalent Tyler TABLE 2 Format for Reporting Test Data of a Typical 100-Mesh
Standard Sieves Powder
Sieve Opening (µm) New U.S. Standard Series
Mesh Designation
New U.S. Old U.S. Mesh Designation %By
Number
Tyler Series Particle Size (µm)
Series Series No. Mass
20 850 841 833 >180 + 80 .
35 — — 417 # 180 > 150 − 80 + 100 .
40 425 420 — # 150 > 106 − 100 + 140 .
60 250 250 250 # 106 > 75 − 140 + 200 .
80 180 177 175 # 75 > 45 − 200 + 325 .
100 150 149 147 # 45 − 325 .
140 106 105 —
Old U.S. Standard Series
150 — — 104
200 75 74 74
Particle Size (µm) Mesh Designation Percentage
230 63 63 — No. by Mass
250 — — 63
> 177 + 80 .
325 45 44 45
# 177 > 149 − 80 + 100 .
# 149 > 105 − 100 + 140 .
# 105 > 74 − 140 + 200 .
# 74 > 44 − 200 + 325 .
# 44 − 325 .
density of the powder is less than 1.50 g/cm . The test
Tyler Standard Sieve Series
specimen should be obtained in accordance with Practices
Particle Size (µm) Mesh Designation Percentage
B 215.
No By Mass
> 175 + 80 .
7. Procedure
# 175 > 147 − 80 + 100 .
# 147 > 104 − 100 + 150 .
7.1 Assemble the group of sieves selected in consecutive
# 104 > 74 − 150 + 200 .
order as to size of openings, with the coarsest sieve at the top, # 74 > 45 − 200 + 325 .
# 45 − 325 .
the assembly being completed by a solid collecting pan below
the bottom sieve. Place the test specimen on the top sieve and
close this sieve with a solid cover. Then fasten the sieve
9. Precision and Bias
assembly securely in a suitable mechanical sieve shaking
device and operate the machine for a period of 15 min.
9.1 Precision:
9.1.1 An interlaboratory study of the sieve analysis of metal
7.2 Remove the screened fractions from the nest of sieves
powders was run in 1993 and 1994 using the procedures
by removing the coarsest sieve from the nest, gently tapping its
contained in MPIF Standard 05 (1992). Each of twelve
contents to one side and pouring them upon a glazed paper.
laboratories made three tests on four powder samples us
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