EN 13036-5:2019

Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of longitudinal unevenness indices

This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with this document are to facilitate the comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries.
The evenness range covered in this document is defined as the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. It is noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not covered in this document.
The quantified evenness indices derived from this document are useful support for pavement management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
This document doesn’t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles measured with a variety of instruments.

Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen - Prüfverfahren - Teil 5: Bestimmung der Längsunebenheitindizes

Dieses Dokument legt die mathematische Verarbeitung von digitalisierten Längsprofilmessungen fest, um Ebenheitsindizes zu erstellen. Das Dokument beschreibt das Berechnungsverfahren für den Internationalen Rauigkeitsindex (IRI, en: International Roughness Index), den quadratischen Mittelwert (RMS, en: Root Mean Square) und die Varianz des Längsprofils (LPV, en: Longitudinal Profile Variance) von drei separaten Wellen¬bändern und σWLP und ΔWLP des Bewerteten Längsprofils (WLP, en: Weighted Longitudinal Profile).
Der Zweck des vorliegenden Dokuments besteht darin, ein Standardverfahren für die Berechnung und Berichterstattung von Schätzwerten der Straßenebenheit von digitalisierten Längsprofilen zu liefern. Weitere Ziele dieses Dokuments bestehen darin, den Vergleich der Ergebnisse von Ebenheitsmessungen, die mit verschiedenen Profilometern in europäischen Ländern durchgeführt wurden, zu ermöglichen.
Der in diesem Dokument abgedeckte Ebenheitsbereich umfasst den festgelegten Wellenlängenbereich von 0,5 m bis 50 m. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass auch kürzere und längere Wellenlängen den Fahrkomfort beeinflussen können, jedoch in diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt sind.
Die nach diesem Dokument abgeleiteten quantifizierten Ebenheitsindizes sind eine nützliche Unterstützung für Fahrbahnmanagementsysteme. Das Ergebnis kann auch für die Typprüfung und Leistungskontrolle von neuen und alten Fahrbahnbelägen genutzt werden. Die Indizes können auf starre, flexible und Schotter¬straßenoberflächen angewendet werden.
Dieses Dokument legt nicht fest, von welcher Stelle auf der Straße das Längsprofil erhalten werden sollte.
Die abgeleiteten Indizes sind in dem Sinne übertragbar, dass sie von Längsprofilen erhalten werden können, die mit verschiedenen Messgeräten gemessen wurden.

Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes - Méthodes d’essais - Partie 5 : Détermination des indicateurs d’uni longitudinal

Le présent document spécifie le traitement mathématique du mesurage des profils longitudinaux numérisés en vue de produire des indicateurs d’uni. Il décrit la procédure de calcul de l’indicateur d’uni international (IRI), de la moyenne quadratique (RMS) et de la variance du profil longitudinal (LPV) à partir de trois bandes de longueurs d’onde distinctes ainsi que le σWLP et le ΔWLP issus du profil longitudinal pondéré (WLP).
Le but du présent document est de normaliser la procédure de calcul et de consignation des évaluations de l’uni de la chaussée à partir des profils longitudinaux numérisés. Ce document vise également à faciliter la comparaison des résultats des mesurages d’uni réalisés avec des profilomètres différents dans les pays européens.
La plage d’uni couverte par le présent document est définie comme la plage de longueurs d’onde de 0,5 m à 50 m. Il est à noter que des longueurs d’onde plus courtes et plus longues peuvent également influencer le confort de conduite, mais celles-ci ne sont pas abordées par le présent document.
Les indicateurs d’uni quantifiés dérivés du présent document constituent une base utile pour les systèmes de gestion de la chaussée. Les produits peuvent également être utilisés pour l’homologation de type et le contrôle des performances des chaussées neuves et anciennes. Les indicateurs peuvent être utilisés sur des chaussées rigides, flexibles et gravillonneuses.
Le présent document ne définit pas la position sur la chaussée à partir de laquelle il convient d’obtenir le profil longitudinal.
Les indicateurs dérivés sont transférables dans le sens où ils peuvent être obtenus à partir de profils longitudinaux mesurés en utilisant une variété d’instruments.

Značilnosti cestnih in letaliških površin - Preskusne metode - 5. del: Določanje indeksov vzdolžnih neravnin

Ta evropski standard določa matematično obdelavo digitaliziranih meritev vzdolžnega profila za izdelavo indeksov neravnin. Dokument opisuje postopek izračuna za mednarodni indeks hrapavosti (IRI), geometrično povprečje (RMS) in odstopanje vzdolžnega profila (LPV) iz treh ločenih pasov valovne dolžine ter σWLP in ΔWLP iz tehtanega vzdolžnega profila (WLP).
Namen tega dokumenta je zagotoviti standardno prakso za izračun in poročanje o neravninah cest iz digitaliziranih vzdolžnih profilov. Drugi cilji standarda so olajšanje primerjave rezultatov meritev neravnin, izvedenih z različnimi instrumenti za profiliranje v evropskih državah.
Obseg neravnine, zajet v tem standardu, je opredeljen kot območje valovne dolžine od 0,5 m do 50 m. Upoštevati je treba, da lahko na udobje vožnje vplivajo tako krajše kot daljše valovne dolžine, ki pa v tem standardu niso zajete.
Količinsko opredeljeni indeksi neravnin, izpeljani iz standarda, so koristna podpora za sisteme upravljanja pločnikov. Rezultat je mogoče uporabiti tudi za homologacijo in nadzor učinkovitosti novih ter starih pločnikov. Indekse je mogoče uporabiti na togih, prožnih in gramoznih cestnih površinah.
Standard ne določa, iz katerega položaja na cesti naj bi pridobili vzdolžni profil.
Izpeljani indeksi so prenosljivi, tako da jih je mogoče pridobiti iz vzdolžnih profilov, merjenih z različnimi instrumenti.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Sep-2019
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Mar-2020
• ICS: 17.040.20 - Properties of surfaces
• ICS: 93.080.10 - Road construction
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 227 - Road materials
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 227/WG 5 - Surface characteristics
• Current Stage: 9020 - Submission to 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 15-Oct-2024
• Completion Date: 15-Oct-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN 13036-5:2019 - Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of longitudinal unevenness indices

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2019
Značilnosti cestnih in letaliških površin - Preskusne metode - 5. del: Določanje
indeksov vzdolžnih neravnin
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 5: Determination of
longitudinal unevenness indices
Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und Flugplätzen - Prüfverfahren - Teil 5:
Bestimmung der Längsunebenheitindizes
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes - Méthodes d’essais - Partie 5 :
Détermination des indices d’uni longitudinal
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13036-5:2019
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
93.080.10 Gradnja cest Road construction
93.120 Gradnja letališč Construction of airports
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 13036-5
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 17.040.20; 93.080.10
English Version
Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods -
Part 5: Determination of longitudinal unevenness indices
Caractéristiques de surface des routes et aérodromes - Oberflächeneigenschaften von Straßen und
Méthodes d'essais - Partie 5 : Détermination des Flugplätzen - Prüfverfahren - Teil 5: Bestimmung der
indices d'uni longitudinal Längsunebenheitindizes
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2019.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13036-5:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 8
5 Calculation of evenness indices . 8
6 International Roughness Index (IRI) . 10
6.1 General . 10
6.2 Representation of the obtained results . 11
7 Wave band analysis . 11
7.1 General . 11
7.2 Wave band indices . 12
8 Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP) analysis . 12
8.1 General . 12
8.2 Prerequisites . 12
9 Reporting . 13
Annex A (normative) Calculation of the IRI . 14
Annex B (informative) Example code for IRI calculation . 18
Annex C (informative) Wave band analysis using bi-octave bands and RMS . 20
Annex D (informative) Wave band analysis using LPV over selected wavelengths . 42
Annex E (informative) Calculation of the WLP . 45
Annex F (informative) Indicator implementation check . 52
Bibliography . 53

European foreword
This document (EN 13036-5:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Introduction
Through road/vehicle dynamic interaction and vehicle vibration, the road profile evenness affects
safety (tyre contact forces), ride quality, energy consumption, vehicle wear as well as pavement and
road durability. The road profile evenness is consequently key information for road maintenance-
management-systems and performance control.
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates
of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles.
This practice covers the mathematical processing of longitudinal profile measurements to produce
evenness statistics (indices) covering the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. These wavelengths cover
1)
most situations for cars . The practice describes the calculation procedure for the International
Roughness Index (IRI), wave band analysis (Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance
(LPV)) and the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of the practice is to ensure that when applying one of the possible procedures, exactly the
same steps are carried out, with the aim of facilitating the comparison of evenness measurements
carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries. The Wave band analysis
procedures are informative and therefore IRI is preferred as benchmarking parameter.
NOTE As a control of the implementation of calculation of the evenness indices, three longitudinal profiles
are available including the “true values”. They can be found at www.erpug.org in the directory reference profiles.
More on this can be found in Annex F.

1) For higher speed, e.g. on airport runways or highways, longer wavelengths could also be important.
1 Scope
This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to
produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International
Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three
separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates
of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with this document are to facilitate the
comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in
European countries.
The evenness range covered in this document is defined as the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. It is
noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not
covered in this document.
The quantified evenness indices derived from this document are useful support for pavement
management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new
and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
This document doesn’t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be
obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles
measured with a variety of instruments.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
reporting repetition interval
measurements made over the road surface which are often analysed using shorter parts or samples to
allow for a more precise description of the measured profile and which is the length of such a sample
Note 1 to entry: For more information on samples see key 4, l to l in Figure 1
0 n
Key
1 longitudinal profile
2 B to C profile measurement length
3 A to D overall profilometer route
4 l …l reporting repetition interval
0 n
Figure 1 — Profile lengths definitions
3.2
longitudinal evenness
deviation of the longitudinal profile from a straight line in a defined wavelength range, e.g. 0,5 m to 50
m
3.3
longitudinal profile
intersection between the pavement surface and a conventional reference plane perpendicular to the
pavement surface and parallel to the lane direction
Note 1 to entry: Usually one of the profiles measured in the wheel paths is used.
Note 2 to entry: The longitudinal road profile is typically saved every 50 mm or 100 mm (acquisition repetition
interval).
3.4
measuring path
selected intersection path, of all possible profiles along the transverse direction
3.5
pre-processed profile
profile obtained by applying resampling and filtering procedures
3.6
profile
profile of the surface that is described by two coordinates: one in the surface plane following the line of
travel of the profilometer called distance (the abscissa), and the other in a direction normal to the
surface plane, called vertical displacement (the ordinate)
3.7
profilometer
instrument to measure and collect profiles covering the evenness from, e.g., roads and airfields
3.8
profile measurement length
length of an uninterrupted profile measurement and which expresses the length over which the
profilometer continuously and accurately digitises and records the profile (from point B to C in
Figure 1)
Note 1 to entry: Most profilometers need to run for some minimum distance before and after the
profile they are to measure; these starting (from point A to B in Figure 1) and ending phases (from point
C to D, in Figure 1) should not be included in the profile measurement length.
3.9
longitudinal raw profile
profile given by a profilometer when measuring a longitudinal road profile, the characteristics of which
depend on the profilometer used
3.10
resampling
procedure applied on the original measured profile (longitudinal raw profile) to create a new profile
with an alternative sampling distance
3.11
spatial frequency
N
reciprocal of a wavelength in cycles per metre that defines the number of waves N, of wavelength λ, per
metre:
N= (1)
λ
3.12
acquisition repetition interval
absolute value of the difference of abscissa between two adjacent points of the digitised longitudinal
profile line
N
...