EN 15411:2011
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)
This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels:
a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture;
b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs
sample;
c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture.
Instrumental determination of As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn is performed by
Inductively Coupled Plasma with optical or mass detection or graphite furnace Atomic Absorption
Spectrometry. Hg can be analysed only after the microwave assisted procedure or, alternatively, by a direct
analysis method (Hg direct AMA).
The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the
remaining residue. If necessary, an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) is used.
Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high
concentration of organic matter.
Method b) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) with high organic matter concentration that can
be difficult to digest with the other methods. This method is not suitable for mercury.
Method c) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) samples for which the other methods leave a
significant insoluble residue.
Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the
methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Spurelementen (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V und Zn)
Diese Europäische Norm legt drei Aufschlussverfahren für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe fest:
a) Mikrowellenaufschluss mit einem Gemisch aus Fluorwasserstoffsäure, Salpetersäure und Salzsäure;
b) Aufschluss im Warmwasserbad mit einem Gemisch aus Fluorwasserstoffsäure, Salpetersäure und Salz-säure nach der Veraschung der SRF-Probe;
c) Aufschluss im Ofen mit einem Gemisch aus Salpetersäure, Perchlorsäure und Fluorwasserstoffsäure.
Die instrumentelle Bestimmung von As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V und Zn erfolgt durch optische Emissionsspektrometrie oder Massenspektrometrie mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma oder Graphitrohr Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie. Hg kann nur nach einem Mikrowellenaufschluss oder, alternativ, mit einem direkten Analysenverfahren (direkte Bestimmung von Hg — AMA) analysiert werden.
Die Wirksamkeit des Aufschlusses kann durch qualitative Röntgenfluoreszenzanalyse (RFA) an dem verblie-benen Rückstand verifiziert werden. Falls notwendig, wird ein alternatives Aufschlussverfahren (eines von den vorgeschlagenen) eingesetzt.
Verfahren a) wird für die allgemeine Anwendung empfohlen, jedoch kann der Umfang der Prüfmenge im Fall einer hohen Konzentration von organischen Substanzen sehr gering sein.
Verfahren b) wird für feste Sekundärbrennstoffe (en: solid recovered fuel, SRF) mit einer hohen Konzentration von organischen Substanzen empfohlen, die mit anderen Verfahren möglicherweise schwer aufzuschließen sind. Dieses Verfahren ist nicht für Quecksilber geeignet.
Verfahren c) wird für Proben von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen (SRF) empfohlen, bei denen nach den anderen Verfahren ein signifikanter unlöslicher Rückstand verbleibt.
Alternative Aufschlussverfahren können angewendet werden, wenn deren Leistungsverhalten nachweislich mit dem Leistungsverhalten der in a) bis c) angeführten Verfahren vergleichbar ist (siehe Anhang C).
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes de détermination de la teneur en éléments à l'état de traces (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V et Zn)
La présente Norme européenne spécifie trois méthodes de digestion pour les combustibles solides de récupération :
a) la digestion assistée par micro-ondes avec un mélange d’acides fluorhydrique, nitrique et chlorhydrique,
b) la digestion dans un bain d’eau chaude avec un mélange d’acides fluorhydrique, nitrique et chlorhydrique, après réduction à l’état de cendres de l’échantillon de combustibles solides de récupération (échantillon CSR),
c) la digestion dans un four avec un mélange d’acides nitrique, perchlorique et fluorhydrique.
La détermination par des instruments de l’As, du Ba, du Be, du Cd, du Cr, du Co, du Cu, du Pb, du Mn, du Mo, du Ni, du Sb, du Se, du Tl, du V, du Zn est effectuée avec le plasma couplé par induction avec détection optique ou de masse ou de la spectrométrie d’absorption atomique avec four en graphite. Le Hg ne peut être analysé qu’après le mode opératoire de digestion assisté par micro-ondes ou, en variante, peut être analysé par une méthode d’analyse directe (analyseur de mercure avancé AMA pour un mesurage direct de la teneur en Hg).
L’efficacité de la digestion peut être vérifiée par une analyse qualitative par fluorescence de rayons X (XRF) sur le résidu restant. Si cela est nécessaire, une autre méthode de digestion (parmi celles proposées) est appliquée.
La méthode a) est recommandée pour une utilisation générale, mais la quantité de la prise d’essai peut être très faible dans le cas d’une concentration élevée en matières organiques.
La méthode b) est recommandée pour les combustibles solides de récupération (CSR) présentant une concentration élevée en matières organiques qui peut être difficile à digérer avec les autres méthodes. Cette méthode n’est pas appropriée pour le mercure.
La méthode c) est recommandée pour les échantillons de combustible solide de récupération (CSR) pour lesquels les autres méthodes laissent un résidu insoluble significatif.
Trdna alternativna goriva - Metode za določevanje elementov v sledovih (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V in Zn)
Ta evropski standard določa tri metode razklopa trdnih alternativnih goriv: a) razklop z mikrovali z mešanico fluorovodikove, dušikove in klorovodikove kisline; b) razklop v vroči vodni kopeli z mešanico fluorovodikove, dušikove in klorovodikove kisline po žarjenju vzorca trdnega alternativnega goriva; c) razklop v pečici z mešanico dušikove, perklorne in fluorovodikove kisline. Instrumentalno določevanje As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn se izvaja z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo z optično ali masno detekcijo ali z atomsko absorpcijsko spektrometrijo z grafitno kiveto. Hg se lahko analizira le s postopkom z mikrovali ali alternativno z metodo neposredne analize. Učinkovitost razklopa se lahko preverja s kvalitativno rentgensko fluorescenčno (XRF) analizo ostanka. Po potrebi se uporabi alternativna metoda razklopa (izmed predlaganih). Metoda a) se priporoča za splošno uporabo, vendar je količina preskusnega odmerka pri visoki koncentraciji organske snovi lahko zelo nizka. Metoda b) se priporoča za trdna alternativna goriva z visoko koncentracijo organske snovi, ki jo je z drugimi metodami težko razklopiti. Ta metoda ni primerna za živo srebro. Metoda c) se priporoča za vzorce trdnih alternativnih goriv, pri katerih druge metode pustijo precejšen netopen ostanek.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Spurelementen (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes de détermination de la teneur en éléments à l'état de traces (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V et Zn)Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15411:2011SIST EN 15411:2011en,de01-november-2011SIST EN 15411:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15411:20071DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15411
September 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15411:2006English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthodes de détermination de la teneur en éléments à l'état de traces (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V et Zn)
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gehaltes an Spurelementen (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V und Zn) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15411:2011: ESIST EN 15411:2011
Guidelines - Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical analysis of SRF . 11Annex B (informative)
Performance data . 13Annex C (informative)
Major results of ruggedness testing . 22Bibliography . 25 SIST EN 15411:2011
1,14 g/ml. 7.4 Perchloric acid (HClO4), 70 % (w/w), ρ
1,62 g/ml. 7.5 Hydrochloric acid (HCl), 65 % (w/w), ρ
1,40 g/ml. 8 Procedure 8.1 Sample conservation and pre-treatment The laboratory samples shall be stored according to guidelines defined in Annex A. SIST EN 15411:2011
EN ISO 17294-2, GF-AAS and CV-AAS/HG-AAS (Cold Vapour and Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption) according to the principle of the method reported in ASTM E885-88 or direct mercury analysis according to the method reported in EPA Method 7473.
Instruments shall be set up and calibrated following the manufacturers' instructions and the used reference methods. 11 Expression of results The results are expressed in milligram per kilogram on a dry basis. For procedure B on SRF ash, the following equation shall be used to express the results on dry original matter: 100ashashdACC×= where Cd
is concentration on dry basis in the original sample; Cash is concentration in the ash; Aash is ash content (%). 12 Quality control To detect possible contaminations from vessels and/or reagents, blank tests shall be carried out by the same sample preparation procedure, using the same quantities of reagents. SIST EN 15411:2011
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 15411:2011 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels: a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture; b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs sample; c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture. Instrumental determination of As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn is performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma with optical or mass detection or graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Hg can be analysed only after the microwave assisted procedure or, alternatively, by a direct analysis method (Hg direct AMA). The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the remaining residue. If necessary, an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) is used. Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method b) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) with high organic matter concentration that can be difficult to digest with the other methods. This method is not suitable for mercury. Method c) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) samples for which the other methods leave a significant insoluble residue. Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
This European Standard specifies three methods of digestion for solid recovered fuels: a) microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture; b) hot water bath digestion of with hydrofluoric, nitric and hydrochloric acid mixture, after ashing of the SRFs sample; c) oven digestion with nitric, perchloric and hydrofluoric acid mixture. Instrumental determination of As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn is performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma with optical or mass detection or graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Hg can be analysed only after the microwave assisted procedure or, alternatively, by a direct analysis method (Hg direct AMA). The effectiveness of the digestion can be verified by qualitative X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis on the remaining residue. If necessary, an alternative digestion method (among those proposed) is used. Method a) is recommended for general use, but the amount of the test portion can be very low in case of high concentration of organic matter. Method b) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) with high organic matter concentration that can be difficult to digest with the other methods. This method is not suitable for mercury. Method c) is recommended for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) samples for which the other methods leave a significant insoluble residue. Alternative digestion methods can be applied if their performance is proved to be comparable with those of the methods mentioned in a) to c) (see Annex C).
EN 15411:2011 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels; 75.160.40 - Biofuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 15411:2011 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CEN/TS 15411:2006, EN ISO 3884:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 15411:2011 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/325. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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この記事は、「EN 15411:2011 - 固形復旧燃料 - 痕跡元素（As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Tl、V、およびZn）の含有量の決定方法」という題目について説明しています。この欧州標準では、固形復旧燃料の痕跡元素の含有量を決定するための3つの消化法が規定されています。 a）マイクロ波アシスト消化法によるフルオロ水素酸、硝酸および塩化水素酸の混合物の使用。 b）SRF（固形復旧燃料）の灰化後、フルオロ水素酸、硝酸および塩化水素酸の混合物を使用してホットウォーターバス消化を行います。ただし、水銀は使用できません。 c）硝酸、過塩素酸およびフルオロ水素酸の混合物を使用するオーブン消化法が推奨されています。ただし、有機物の濃度が高い場合には、テスト試料の量が少ない場合があります。 As、Ba、Be、Cd、Cr、Co、Cu、Pb、Mn、Mo、Ni、Sb、Se、Tl、V、Znの計測は、誘導結合プラズマ法または石墨炉原子吸光分光法を使用して行われます。水銀はマイクロ波アシスト法またはHg直接AMAと呼ばれる直接分析法によってのみ解析されます。 消化の効果は、残留物に対するX線蛍光分析（XRF）によって確認することができます。必要に応じて、他の代替消化法を使用することもできます（提案された方法のいずれか）。推奨された方法と同等の性能を持つことが証明されれば、代替消化法を適用することができます。
이 기사는 "EN 15411:2011 - 고형 회수 연료 - 미량 원소 함유량 결정 방법 (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V 및 Zn)"에 대해 다루고 있습니다. 이 유럽 표준은 고형 회수 연료에 대해 세 가지 소화 방법을 규정합니다. a) 마이크로파 지원 소화법, 약산과 염산의 혼합물을 사용합니다. b) SRF(고형 회수 연료) 샘플이 타르로 바뀌고 나서 수송해야 합니다. 수은은 사용할 수 없습니다. c) 과산화 수소와 염소산 그리고 약산을 혼합한 것으로 일반적인 사용을 권장합니다. 그러나 유기물의 농도가 높은 경우 테스트 샘플 양이 적을 수 있습니다. As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sb, Se, Tl, V, Zn의 계측은 유도 결합 플라즈마 방법이나 석탄로 원자 흡수 분광법을 사용하여 이루어집니다. 수은은 마이크로파 지원 절차나 직접 분석 방법 (Hg direct AMA)으로만 분석될 수 있습니다. 소화의 효과는 잔여 잔량에 대한 X선 형광 분석 (XRF)을 통해 확인할 수 있습니다. 필요한 경우, 다른 대체 소화 방법을 사용할 수 있습니다. (제시된 방법 중 하나) 규정된 방법들과 성능이 유사한 경우 대체 소화 방법을 적용할 수 있습니다.
The article discusses a European standard, EN 15411:2011, which outlines three methods for determining the content of trace elements in solid recovered fuels (SRFs). These methods involve different digestion processes using various acid mixtures. The article also mentions that instrumental determination of certain elements can be done using Inductively Coupled Plasma or graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The effectiveness of the digestion can be confirmed using X-ray fluorescence analysis. The article notes that alternative digestion methods can be used if they are proven to be comparable to the recommended methods.
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