EN 15309:2007
(Main)Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence
Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence
This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen und Böden - Bestimmung der elementaren Zusammensetzung durch Röntgenfluoreszenz-Analyse
Caractérisation des déchets et du sol - Détermination de la composition élémentaire par fluorescence X
La présente norme européenne décrit le mode opératoire de détermination quantitative des concentrations en éléments majeurs et en éléments traces dans les sols, les matériaux de type sol et les déchets solides homogènes à l’aide de spectromètres de fluorescence X à dispersion d’énergie (EDXRF) ou de spectromètres de fluorescence X à dispersion de longueur d’onde (WDXRF), en utilisant un étalonnage réalisé avec des matériaux de référence adaptés à la matrice.
La présente norme européenne est applicable aux éléments suivants : Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th et U. Il est possible de déterminer des niveaux de concentration compris entre 0,0001 % et 100 % selon l’élément dosé et l’instrument utilisé.
Karakterizacija odpadkov in zemljine - Določevanje elementne sestave z rentgensko fluorescenco
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescenceCaractérisation des déchets et du sol - Détermination de la composition élémentaire par fluorescence XCharakterisierung von Abfällen und Böden - Bestimmung der elementaren Zusammensetzung durch Röntgenfluoreszenz-AnalyseTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15309:2007SIST EN 15309:2007en13.080.10Chemical characteristics of soils13.030.10Trdni odpadkiSolid wastesICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15309:200701-oktober-2007
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15309May 2007ICS 13.030.10; 13.080.10 English VersionCharacterization of waste and soil - Determination of elementalcomposition by X-ray fluorescenceCaractérisation des déchets et du sol - Détermination de lacomposition élémentaire par fluorescence XCharakterisierung von Abfällen und Böden - Bestimmungder elementaren Zusammensetzung durchRöntgenfluoreszenz-AnalyseThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 March 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15309:2007: E
Semi-quantitative screening analysis of waste, sludge and soil samples.20 Annex B (informative)
Examples for operational steps of the sample preparation for soil and waste samples.23 Annex C (informative)
Suggested analytical lines, crystals and operating conditions.29 Annex D (informative)
List of reference materials applicable for XRF-analysis.31 Annex E (informative)
Validation.32 Bibliography.40
Annex A which provides a total element characterisation at a semi-quantitative level. The calibration is based on matrix-independent calibration curves, previously set up by the manufacturer.
X-radiation as it passes through an absorbing medium, expressed in units of cm2/g. The mass absorption coefficient is a function of the wavelength of the absorbed radiation and the atomic number of the absorbing element 3.11 polarised excitation X-ray spectrometer energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer where the excitation is performed by polarised radiation and the emitted X-ray fluorescence radiation is detected along the direction of polarisation 3.12 powder sample analyte sample submitted as a powder for direct measurement in the sample cup 3.13 precision closeness of agreement of results obtained by applying the method several times under prescribed conditions [ISO 5725-2:1994] 3.14 pressed pellet analyte sample prepared by pressing milled material into a disk 3.15 primary X-rays X-rays by which the sample is radiated 3.16 quality control sample stable sample with known contents, e.g. certified reference material (CRM) used to monitor instrument and calibration performance
6 Apparatus 6.1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer The X-ray fluorescence spectrometer shall be able to analyse the elements according to the scope of this European Standard. The following types of X-ray fluorescence spectrometers are applicable: energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer that achieves the dispersion of the emitted X-ray fluorescence radiation by an energy dispersive detector; wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer that achieves the dispersion of the emitted X-ray fluorescence radiation by diffraction by a crystal or a synthetic multilayer. The spectrometer consists of a number of components: primary X-ray source, an X-ray tube with a high voltage generator; a sample holder; detector unit including electronic equipment; source modifiers to modify the shape or intensity of the source spectrum or the beam shape (like source filters, secondary targets, polarising targets, collimators, focussing optics etc.).
9.4 Preparation of fused beads After drying and milling or grinding the sample, a fused bead is prepared using the fusion apparatus (6.5). Ignite the sample at an appropriate temperature until constant mass is reached. Determine the loss on ignition at the same temperature to correct for volatile elements and/or compounds being released during ignition of the sample. NOTE 1 The ignition temperature can vary depending on the sample matrix. A temperature commonly used is 1025°C ± 25°C.
Because of the wide applicability of the fused bead technique, various fluxes and modes of calibration are permitted providing they have been demonstrated to be able to meet certain criteria of reproducibility, sensitivity and accuracy. For application of alkaline fusion technique (e.g. selection of flux, fusion temperature, additives) ISO 14869-2 or CEN/TR 15018 should be used. NOTE 2 Fluxes commonly used are lithium metaborate, lithium tetraborate or mixtures of both. NOTE 3 Loss of volatile elements e.g. As, Br, Cd, Cl, Hg, I, S , Sb, Se, Tl may occur during the ignition and fusion processes. Also Cu may be volatile if a bromide releasing agent is used. The flux (7.2) is added to the ignited material. For the preparation of 40 mm diameter beads, about 1,6 g of ignited sample is taken, for 32 mm diameter beads about 0,8 g of ignited sample is required. The amount of flux in the bead shall be taken into account for the dilution factor. The same sample preparation procedure and ratio of sample to flux shall be used for samples and standards. The beads produced should be visually homogeneous and transparent. NOTE 4 Non ignited material may be used to prepare beads but, nevertheless, loss of ignition needs to be determined and needs to be taken into account in the calculation of the results. It should be noted that non ignited material may contain compounds that can damage the platinum crucibles during fusion. NOTE 5 Different dilution factors may be used. A proportion of sample: flux commonly used is 1:5 by weight. After fusion in a platinum-gold crucible (6.6) the melt is poured into a casting mould (6.7) to make a bead. NOTE 6 Beads can deteriorate because of adverse temperature and humidity conditions, so it is recommended that beads are stored in desiccators. 10 Procedure 10.1 Analytical measurement conditions 10.1.1 Wavelength dispersive instruments The analytical lines to be used and suggested operating conditions are given in Table C.1. The settings are strongly dependant on the spectrometer configuration, e.g. the type of X-ray tube (Rh, Cr), tube power, available crystals, type of collimators.
bpIII−= (1) where
pI is the count rate of the element i, expressed as the number of counts per second;
bI is the background count rate of the element i, expressed as the number of counts per second. Counting time The minimum counting time is the time necessary to achieve an uncertainty (%2σ), which is less than the desired precision of the measurement. Choose a reference material with a concentration level in the middle of the working range and measure the count rate. The counting time for each element can be calculated according to:
2bp%1.2100−=IItσ (2) where
t is the total counting time for the peaks and background in seconds;
%2σ is the relative target precision at a confidence level of 95 %, expressed as percentage. 10.1.2 Energy dispersive instruments The analytical lines to be used and suggested operating conditions are given in Table C.2. The settings are strongly dependant on the spectrometer configuration, e.g. type of X-ray tube (Rh, Pd), tube power, available targets, type of filters. Intensities and background corrections Deconvolution of the spectra and background correction are needed when analysing samples with overlapping lines. Usually XRF-instruments are supplied with a specific software module for that purpose. 10.2 Calibration 10.2.1 General The calibration procedure is similar for energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive techniques. In general calibration is established by using matrix-adapted reference materials. The calibration equations and inter-element corrections are calculated by the software of the instrument. An accuracy check is performed with CRMs or samples with known composition.
Different procedures for correcting matrix effects may be used according to the analytical accuracy required: the scattered radiation method is based on the principle that the intensities of the analyte line and of the Compton line are affected in the same proportion due to the overall mass absorption coefficient of the sample. This linear relationship holds when all analytes are at low concentrations (trace elements) and their absorption coefficients are not affected by an adjacent absorption edge. In this case an internal Compton correction can be used. Beside that, a correction method using the Compton intensity with Mass Absorption Coefficients (MAC) is also applicable. In this method, the intensities of the major elements are measured to apply a jump edge correction for the analysed trace elements; correction using the fundamental parameter approach; correction using theoretical correction coefficients (alphas) taking basic physical principles, instrumental geometry etc. into account; correction using empirical correction coefficients (alphas) based on regression analysis of standards with known elemental concentrations. 10.2.2 General calibration procedure For calibration purposes the measurement of analyte lines of samples of known composition is needed. The basic equation implies a linear relationship between the intensity and the concentration.
ii,1i,0i.IaaC+= (3) where
iC is the concentration of the element of interest, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
i,0a is the offset of the calibration curve;
i,1a is the slope of the calibration curve;
iI is the net intensity of the element of interest, expressed as counts per second. Matrix effects have to be taken into account in X-ray spectrometry according to the following equation:
MIaaC.).(ii,1i,0i+= (4) where
M is the correction term due to the matrix effects.
The matrix effect correction term may consist of an internal standard Compton correction method or may be calculated from mathematical models. 10.2.3 Internal standard correction using Compton (incoherent) scattering method The measured intensity of incoherent scattering may be used directly to compensate for matrix effects or indirectly for the determination of the effective mass absorption coefficient µ to correct for matrix effects. The compensation for matrix effects is based on a combination of sample preparation and experimental intensity data but not on fundamental and experimental parameters.
)(.).(uinc,ui,ri,rinc,ri,ui,IIIICC= (5) where
ui,C is the concentration of the element of interest i of the sample, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
ri,C is the concentration of the element of interest i of the calibration reference material, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
uinc,I is the intensity of the incoherent Compton line of the sample, expressed as counts per second;
rinc,I is the intensity of the incoherent Compton line element of the calibration reference material, expressed as counts per second;
ui,I is the intensity of the element of interest i of the sample, expressed as counts per second;
ri,I is the intensity of the element of interest i of the calibration reference material, expressed as counts per second. 10.2.4 Fundamental parameter approach The fundamental parameter approach uses the physical processes forming the basis of X-ray fluorescence emission and scattering to construct a theoretical model for the correction of matrix effects in practice. The correction term M is calculated from first principle expressions. These are derived from basic X-ray physics and contain physical constants and parameters that include absorption and scattering coefficients, fluorescence yield, primary spectral distributions and spectrometry geometry. The use of scattered radiation (Compton and/or Rayleigh) allows the determination of matrix effects caused by sample elements that cannot be measured directly. The calculation of analyte concentrations in samples is based on making successively better estimates of composition by an iteration procedure. These iteration cycles are performed until the difference between the compared results is below a defined value. NOTE The algorithm used for the procedure is usually implemented in the manufacturer’s software. 10.2.5 Fundamental or theoretical influence coefficient method The fundamental influence coefficient method encompasses any mathematical expression relating emitted intensities and concentrations in which the influence coefficients are defined and derived explicitly in terms of fundamental parameters. The calculation of the concentration from the intensities is performed by linear regression whereby the net intensities are corrected for the present matrix effects. For each element the concentration is calculated according to the following equation:
MICICCj.)1(ui,jrijri,ri,ui,+=∑α (6)
++=∑∑jjCICICCjuijui,jrijri,ri,ui,1.)1(αα (7) where
ui,C is the concentration of the element of interest i of the sample, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
ri,C is the concentration of the element of interest i of the calibration reference material, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
ri,I is the intensity of the element of interest i of the calibration reference material, expressed as counts per second;
ui,I is the intensity of the element of interest i of the sample, expressed as counts per second;
rj,C
is the concentration of the matrix element j of the calibration reference material, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
uj,C
is the concentration of the matrix element j of the sample, expressed as mg/kg or percentage dry matter;
M is the matrix correction term;
ijα is the correction coefficient ijα (called alphas) calculated from theory, although some approximations are involved. Different types of alpha coefficient exist, but all of them are calculated without reference to experimental data; they are calculated using intensity data resulting from a fundamental parameter expression. The alpha coefficients vary as a function of sample composition and are calculated by an iterative process. 10.2.6 Empirical alpha correction Empirical alphas are obtained experimentally using regression analysis of data from reference materials in which the elements to be measured are known and the total concentration range is covered. Best results are achieved when the samples and reference materials are of similar composition. Thus, empirical alphas are based strictly on experimental data and do not take fundamental and instrumental parameters into account. Different models can be applied, but generally they are based on the above equation where the correction term for matrix effects is a function of concentrations. The empirical alphas are only applicable for a limited concentration range and a well-defined analytical method where the matrices of samples and standards are similar. The reference materials used should contain each analyte together with fairly wide concentration ranges of each matrix element. Poor analytical results are obtained when inappropriate combinations of analytes are chosen. A large number of reference materials have to be analysed to define the alphas (rule of thumb: minimum of 3 times the number of parameters to be calculated). 10.2.7 Calibration procedure for trace elements using the pressed pellet method The pressed pellet method is used to determine the concentrations of trace elements. Select calibration standards with a similar composition as the samples under investigation containing the elements of interest and covering the concentration range of interest. The use of reference materials from different recognised producers is recommended (see Annex D) or synthetic mixtures of oxides may be
Table 1 the possible spectral line overlaps are indicated (dependant on the configuration of the instrument) and also the matrix correction method that can be applied. For trace elements with an absorption edge above the absorption edge of iron, a Compton internal standard correction can be applied. Otherwise a theoretical alpha correction or correction for the absorption edge should be performed (for these corrections all elements in the sample have to be analysed). Depending on the type of instrument and the software programs available, alternative correction methods can be applied. Validation of the final calibration curves shall demonstrate the accuracy of the method. Perform the regression calculation and verify that the correlation factors are within the limits of accuracy required.
Table 1 — Suggested analytical lines, spectral line overlaps and correction methods Element Line Spectral line overlap Type of matrix correction method Na Kα ZnLβ Alpha or FP Mg Kα AsLα Alpha or FP
Al Kα BrLα Alpha or FP
Si Kα
Alpha or FP
P Kα
Alpha or FP
S Kα CoKα
PbMα
NbLβAlpha or FP or MAC Cl Kα
Alpha or FP or MAC K Kα
Alpha or FP Ca Kα
Alpha or FP
Ti Kα BaLα ΙLβ Alpha or FP V Kα Ti Kβ
Alpha or FP or MAC Cr Kα VKβ
PbLα Alpha or FP or MAC Mn Kα CrKβ
Alpha or FP
Fe Kα MnKβ Alpha or FP
Co Kα FeKβ Alpha or FP or MAC Ni Kα CoKβ Compton or FP or MAC Cu Kα TaLα ThLβ Compton or FP or MAC Zn Kα WLα Compton or FP or MAC As Kα
Kβ PbLα BrKα Compton or FP or MAC Se Kα
Compton or FP or MAC Br Kα AsKβ Compton or FP or MAC Rb Kα ULα BrKβ
Compton or FP or MAC Sr Kα ULα Compton or FP or MAC Y Kα RbKβ Compton or FP or MAC Zr Kα SrKβ Compton or FP or MAC Nb Kα YKβ ULβ Compton or FP or MAC Mo Kα ZrKβ ULβ Compton or FP or MAC Ag Kα Lα
CrKβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP
Cd Kα Lα
AgLβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP
Sn Kα Lα
CoKα Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC Sb Kα Lβ
CoKβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC Te Kα Lα
SnLβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC I Kα Lα
Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC Cs Kα Lα
ZnKα ILβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC Ba Kα Lα
TiKα ILβ CuKβ Compton or FP or MAC Alpha or FP or MAC Ta Lα CuKα NiKβ Compton or FP or MAC W Lα TaLn Compton or FP or MAC Hg Lα WLβ Compton or FP or MAC Tl Lβ PbLβ Compton or FP or MAC
Table 1 the possible spectral line overlaps are indicated (dependant on the configuration of the instrument). For all elements an alpha correction method using theoretical alphas should be applied. Depending on the type of instrument and the software programs available, alternative correction methods can be applied. Validation of the final calibration curves shall demonstrate the accuracy of the method. Perform the regression calculation and verify that the correlation factors are within the limits of accuracy required. 10.3 Analysis of the samples Follow the instrument manufacturer’s instructions for set up, conditioning, preparation and maintenance of the XRF spectrometer. Select the required preparation method and prepare the samples. For the quantification of trace elements the pressed pellet method is recommended and for the determination of major and minor elements the fused bead method should be used. To analyse the prepared samples, an analytical measurement method has to be defined. The measurement method describes the analytical lines to be measured and the measurement parameters e.g. the XRF generator settings (tube voltage and current), selection of primary beam filters, targets and crystals, detector to be used, measurement time. The same measurement parameters used for the calibration according to 10.2 are applied to the samples.
13 Test report The work carried out by the testing laboratory shall be covered by a report which accurately, clearly and unambiguously presents the test results and all other relevant information as specified in EN ISO/IEC 17025. In addition to test results the test report shall include at least the following information: a) description and identification of the laboratory sample; b) which processes, procedures and apparatus were used; c) results of the determination expressed as mg/kg dm or mass percentages dm; d) any details not specified in this European Standard or which are optional, and any other factors which may have affected the re
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 15309:2007 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Characterization of waste and soil - Determination of elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards. This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.
This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards. This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.
EN 15309:2007 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.030.10 - Solid wastes; 13.080.10 - Chemical characteristics of soils. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 15309:2007 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 18227:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 15309:2007 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 99/31/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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EN 15309:2007 표준은 고형 폐기물, 토양 및 토양 유사 물질에서 주요 및 미량 원소 농도를 정량적으로 결정하는 절차를 규정합니다. 에너지 분산형 X선 형광(EDXRF) 분광법 또는 파장 분산형 X선 형광(WDXRF) 분광법을 사용하여 행해지며, 매트릭스에 적합한 표준을 활용한 교정이 필수적입니다. 이 표준은 Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th 및 U와 같은 요소에 적용될 수 있으며, 농도 수준은 요소와 사용하는 기기에 따라 약 0.0001%에서 100%까지 결정할 수 있습니다. 이 표준의 강점은 폐기물과 토양의 문자적 조성을 정밀하게 평가할 수 있게 하는 것입니다. 이를 통해 환경 모니터링 및 폐기물 관리의 효율성을 높일 수 있으며, 이러한 분석은 환경 보존과 관련된 정책 및 규제의 근거가 될 수 있습니다. 또한, 다양한 원소를 포괄적으로 다루기 때문에 이 표준은 다양한 산업 분야에서의 응용 가능성을 제공합니다. EN 15309:2007 표준은 환경 과학 및 생태학, 자연 자원 관리, 그리고 폐기물 처리에 있어 중요한 역할을 하며, 고형 폐기물과 토양의 원소 조성을 이해하는 데 필수적인 도구로 자리잡고 있습니다. 이러한 범용성과 세분화된 분석 능력 덕분에 이 표준은 관련 분야의 연구 및 실무에 있어 높은 relevance를 지니고 있습니다.
The EN 15309:2007 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the characterization of waste and soil through the determination of elemental composition using X-ray fluorescence techniques. This standard specifically addresses the quantitative analysis of both major and trace elements in solid waste, soil, and similar materials, establishing a reliable methodology for researchers and professionals in environmental science and waste management. One of the key strengths of this standard is its emphasis on energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry. These advanced techniques facilitate precise measurements of elemental concentrations, making it easier for users to achieve accurate results. By employing calibration with matrix-matched standards, EN 15309:2007 enhances the reliability of the results, ensuring that variations in sample matrices do not adversely affect the analysis. The scope of this standard is notably extensive, covering a wide range of elements from sodium (Na) to uranium (U). This breadth allows for comprehensive elemental analysis, which is critical for both environmental assessments and compliance with regulatory requirements. The capability to quantify concentrations from approximately 0.0001% to 100% further reinforces the standard's utility, accommodating a diverse array of samples and elemental measurements. Moreover, the relevance of EN 15309:2007 cannot be overstated in today's context of increased environmental monitoring and regulation. As industries face growing scrutiny regarding waste management practices and soil contamination, this standard serves as an essential tool for professionals tasked with ensuring compliance and conducting environmental impact assessments. The precise characterization of waste and soil is crucial for effective remediation strategies and risk assessments, directly linking this standard's application to public health and environmental protection. Overall, EN 15309:2007 stands out for its methodological rigor, broad applicability, and significant relevance to contemporary environmental challenges, making it an indispensable resource for anyone involved in the characterization of waste and soil.
SIST EN 15309:2007は、廃棄物および土壌の特性評価に関する重要な標準であり、特にエネルギー分散型X線蛍光 (EDXRF) および波長分散型X線蛍光 (WDXRF) 分光法を用いた元素組成の定量的な決定手続きについて規定しています。この標準は、均質な固体廃棄物、土壌、及び土壌に類似した材料における主要および微量元素の濃度を評価するために設計されており、その意義は広範です。 この標準の強みは、マトリックスマッチ標準によるキャリブレーションを利用している点にあります。これにより、分析結果の信頼性が向上し、異なる試料タイプ間での比較が容易になります。また、対象とする元素には、Na、Mg、Al、Siなどの一般的な元素から、Hg、Pb、Bi、Th、Uといった環境問題に関連する重金属まで含まれており、その幅広い適用性は業界における実用性を示しています。 さらには、濃度範囲も0.0001%から100%までと、非常に広範であり、元素および使用する機器に依存して決定されるため、さまざまな分析ニーズに応じた柔軟性を提供します。この点においても、SIST EN 15309:2007は、環境分析や廃棄物管理の领域において重要な役割を果たすでしょう。 SIST EN 15309:2007は、廃棄物と土壌の評価に関する標準の中で国際的にも認知されており、今後の分析基準に対する影響力を持つとともに、環境保護および持続可能な管理の促進に貢献することが期待されます。この標準は、廃棄物処理や土壌検査を行う専門家にとって、必須のガイドラインとなるでしょう。
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