EN 1991-2:2023
(Main)Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges and other civil engineering works
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges and other civil engineering works
(1) This document defines imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with road traffic, pedestrian actions and rail traffic which include, when relevant, dynamic effects and centrifugal, braking and acceleration actions and actions for accidental design situations.
(2) Imposed loads defined in this document are applicable for the design of new bridges, including piers, abutments, upstand walls, wing walls and flank walls, noise barriers, canopies etc., and their foundations. Where appropriate, the loads can also be considered as a basis for assessment or modification of existing structures in combination with complementary conditions if necessary.
(3) The load models and values given in this document are also applicable for the design of retaining walls adjacent to roads and railway lines and the design of earthworks subject to road or rail traffic actions. This document also provides applicability conditions for specific load models.
(4) This document is intended to be used with prEN 1990, the other parts of the EN 1991 series and the EN 1992 series to EN 1999 series for the design of structures.
Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 2: Verkehrslasten auf Brücken
(1) Dieses Dokument definiert Nutzlasten (Modelle und repräsentative Werte) in Verbindung mit Straßenverkehr, Einwirkungen durch Fußgänger und Schienenverkehr, gegebenenfalls einschließlich dynamischer Auswirkungen und Fliehkräften, Einwirkungen infolge Bremsen und Anfahren sowie Einwirkungen für außergewöhnliche Bemessungssituationen.
(2) Die in diesem Dokument definierten Nutzlasten sind anwendbar für die Bemessung neuer Brücken, einschließlich der Pfeiler, Widerlager, Kammerwände, Flügelwände, Lärmschutzwände, Dächer usw. und ihrer Gründungen. Gegebenenfalls können die Lasten auch als Grundlage für die Bewertung oder Änderung bestehender Tragwerke, falls erforderlich, in Kombination mit ergänzenden Bedingungen betrachtet werden.
(3) Die in diesem Dokument angegebenen Lastmodelle und Werte sind auch für die Bemessung von an Straßen- und Eisenbahnstrecken angrenzenden Stützwänden sowie die Bemessung von Erdarbeiten unter Einwirkungen infolge Straßen- oder Schienenverkehr anwendbar. Dieses Dokument enthält darüber hinaus Anwendbarkeitsbedingungen für spezifische Lastmodelle.
(4) Dieses Dokument ist für die Anwendung in Zusammenhang mit prEN 1990 vorgesehen, den anderen Teilen der Normenreihe EN 1991 und der Normenreihen EN 1992 bis EN 1999 für die Bemessung von Tragwerken.
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 2: Actions dues au trafic sur les ponts et autres ouvrages du génie civil
(1) Le présent document spécifie les charges d’exploitation (modèles et valeurs représentatives) associées au trafic routier, à la circulation des piétons et au trafic ferroviaire, y compris, le cas échéant, les effets dynamiques, les forces centrifuges, les forces de freinage et les forces d’accélération ainsi que les actions pour les situations de projet accidentelles.
(2) Les charges d’exploitation définies dans le présent document sont applicables au calcul des ponts neufs, piles, culées, murs garde grève, murs en aile et en retour, écrans antibruit, abris, etc., ainsi que de leurs fondations. Le cas échéant, les charges peuvent également être considérées comme une base pour l’évaluation ou la modification des structures existantes en combinaison avec des conditions complémentaires si nécessaire.
(3) Les modèles de charge et les valeurs donnés dans le présent document sont également applicables au calcul des murs de soutènement bordant les routes et les voies ferrées et au calcul des remblais soumis aux actions du trafic routier ou ferroviaire. Le présent document fournit également les conditions d’application pour des modèles de charge spécifiques.
(4) Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé avec le prEN 1990, les autres parties de la série EN 1991 ainsi que les séries EN 1992 à EN 1999 relatives au calcul des structures.
Evrokod 1 - Vplivi na konstrukcije - 2. del: Prometna obtežba mostov in drugih gradbenih inženirskih objektov
(1) Ta dokument opredeljuje obtežbe (modele in reprezentativne vrednosti), povezane s cestnim prometom, pešci in železniškim prometom, ki vključujejo, kjer je ustrezno, dinamične učinke in centrifugalne, zavorne in pospeševalne sile in ukrepe za načrtovanje v primeru nezgod.
(2) Obtežbe, opredeljene v tem dokumentu, se uporabljajo za projektiranje novih mostov, vključno s stebri, oporniki, pokončnimi zidovi, stranskimi zidovi in bočnimi zidovi, protihrupnimi pregradami, nadstreški itd. in njihovimi temelji. Kjer je to ustrezno, je obtežbe mogoče upoštevati kot osnovo za ocenjevanje ali spreminjanje obstoječih konstrukcij v kombinaciji z dopolnilnimi pogoji po potrebi.
(3) Modeli in vrednosti obtežb, podani v tem dokumentu, se uporabljajo tudi za načrtovanje opornih zidov ob cestah in železniških progah in tudi zemeljskih del, na katere delujejo sile cestnega ali železniškega prometa. Ta dokument določa veljavne pogoje za posebne modele obtežb.
(4) Ta dokument je namenjen uporabi s standardom EN 1990, drugimi deli skupine standardov EN 1991 in skupino standardov od EN 1992 do EN 1999 za projektiranje konstrukcij.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
01-marec-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1991-2:2004/AC:2010
Evrokod 1 - Vplivi na konstrukcije - 2. del: Prometna obtežba mostov in drugih
gradbenih inženirskih objektov
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges and other civil
engineering works
Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 2: Verkehrslasten auf Brücken
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 2: Actions dues au trafic sur les ponts et
autres ouvrages du génie civil
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1991-2:2023
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
93.040 Gradnja mostov Bridge construction
SIST EN 1991-2:2024 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
EN 1991-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.010.30; 93.040 Supersedes EN 1991-2:2003
English Version
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 2: Traffic loads
on bridges and other civil engineering works
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 2: Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 2:
Actions dues au trafic sur les ponts et autres ouvrages Verkehrslasten auf Brücken
du génie civil
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 July 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
Contents Page
European foreword . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 15
4 Classification of actions . 21
4.1 General. 21
4.2 Variable actions . 21
4.3 Accidental actions . 23
5 Design situations . 23
5.1 General. 23
5.2 Simultaneity of traffic loads . 23
6 Road traffic actions and other actions specifically for road bridges . 24
6.1 Field of application . 24
6.2 Representation of actions . 24
6.2.1 Models of road traffic loads . 24
6.2.2 Loading classes . 25
6.2.3 Divisions of the carriageway into notional lanes . 25
6.2.4 Location and numbering of the lanes for design . 26
6.2.5 Application of the load models on the individual lanes . 27
6.3 Vertical loads — Characteristic values . 27
6.3.1 General. 27
6.3.2 Load Model 1. 28
6.3.3 Load Model 2. 30
6.3.4 Load Model 3 (special vehicles) . 31
6.3.5 Load Model 4 (crowd loading) . 31
6.3.6 Dispersal of concentrated loads . 32
6.4 Horizontal forces — characteristic values . 33
6.4.1 Braking and acceleration forces . 33
6.4.2 Centrifugal and other transverse forces . 33
6.5 Groups of traffic loads on road bridges (multi component actions) . 34
6.5.1 Characteristic values in persistent design situations . 34
6.5.2 Other representative values . 36
6.5.3 Groups of loads in transient design situations . 36
6.6 Fatigue load models . 36
6.6.1 General. 36
6.6.2 Dynamic amplification factor . 37
6.6.3 Fatigue Load Models location for global and local effects . 38
6.6.4 Traffic category on the bridge . 39
6.6.5 Fatigue Load Model 1 (similar to LM1) . 39
6.6.6 Fatigue Load Model 2 (set of “frequent” lorries) . 40
6.6.7 Fatigue Load Model 3 (single vehicle model) . 41
6.6.8 Fatigue Load Model 4 (set of “standard” lorries) . 41
6.6.9 Fatigue Load Model 5 (based on recorded road traffic data) . 44
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6.7 Collision and other actions for accidental design situations . 44
6.7.1 General . 44
6.7.2 Collision forces from vehicles under the bridge. 44
6.7.3 Actions from vehicles on the bridge . 44
6.8 Actions on pedestrian parapets. 48
6.9 Load model for geotechnical structures — characteristic values . 48
6.9.1 General . 48
6.9.2 Distributed vertical loads . 49
6.9.3 Simplified vertical loads allowing for redistribution . 50
6.9.4 Horizontal force for abutments . 50
7 Actions on footways, cycle ways and footbridges . 51
7.1 Field of application . 51
7.2 Representation of actions . 52
7.2.1 Models of the loads . 52
7.2.2 Application of the load models . 52
7.3 Static models for vertical loads — characteristic values. 52
7.3.1 General . 52
7.3.2 Uniformly distributed load . 52
7.3.3 Concentrated load . 53
7.3.4 Service vehicle . 53
7.4 Static model for horizontal forces — characteristic values (footbridges only) . 53
7.5 Groups of traffic loads (footbridges only) . 54
7.6 Collision and other actions for accidental design situations (footbridges only) . 54
7.6.1 General . 54
7.6.2 Collision forces from traffic under the footbridge . 54
7.6.3 Accidental presence of vehicles on the footbridge . 55
7.7 Dynamic models of pedestrian loads (footbridges only) . 55
7.8 Actions on parapets . 56
7.9 Load model for abutments and walls adjacent to bridges . 56
8 Rail traffic actions and other actions specifically for railway bridges . 56
8.1 Field of application . 56
8.2 Representation of actions — nature of rail traffic loads . 57
8.3 Vertical loads — load models, characteristic values (static effects) and eccentricity
and distribution of loading . 57
8.3.1 General . 57
8.3.2 Load Model 71 . 58
8.3.3 Load Models SW/0 and SW/2 . 59
8.3.4 Load Model “unloaded train” . 60
8.3.5 Eccentricity of vertical loads (Load Models 71 and SW/0) . 60
8.3.6 Distribution of point loads or axle loads by the rails, sleepers and ballast . 61
8.3.7 Actions for non-public footways . 65
8.4 Dynamic effects (including resonance) . 65
8.4.1 General . 65
8.4.2 Factors influencing dynamic behaviour . 65
8.4.3 General design rules . 66
8.4.4 Conditions for requiring a dynamic analysis . 66
8.4.5 Dynamic factor Φ (Φ , Φ ) . 69
2 3
8.4.6 Dynamic analysis . 74
8.5 Horizontal forces — characteristic values . 84
8.5.1 Centrifugal forces . 84
8.5.2 Nosing force . 89
8.5.3 Actions due to traction and braking . 89
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8.5.4 Combined response of structure and track to variable actions . 91
8.6 Aerodynamic actions from passing trains . 103
8.6.1 General. 103
8.6.2 Simple vertical surfaces parallel to the track (e.g. noise barriers) . 104
8.6.3 Simple horizontal surfaces above the track (e.g. overhead protective structures) 110
8.6.4 Simple horizontal surfaces adjacent to the track (e.g. platform canopies with no
vertical wall) . 112
8.6.5 Multiple-surface structures alongside the track with vertical and horizontal or
inclined surfaces (e.g. bent noise barriers, platform canopies with vertical walls etc.)
................................................................................................................................................................ 113
8.6.6 Surfaces enclosing the structure gauge of the tracks over a limited length (up to 20 m)
(horizontal surface above the tracks and at least one vertical wall, e.g. scaffolding,
temporary constructions). 114
8.7 Derailment and other actions for railway bridges . 114
8.7.1 General – Derailment . 114
8.7.2 Derailment actions from rail traffic on a railway bridge . 115
8.7.3 Derailment under or adjacent to a structure and other actions for Accidental Design
Situations . 116
8.7.4 Other actions . 117
8.8 Further application rules for traffic loads on railway bridges . 117
8.8.1 General. 117
8.8.2 Groups of Loads — Characteristic values of the multicomponent action . 118
8.8.3 Groups of Loads — Other representative values of the multicomponent actions . 121
8.8.4 Traffic loads in Transient Design Situations . 121
8.9 Traffic loads for fatigue . 122
8.10 Static load models for geotechnical structures — characteristic values . 123
8.10.1 General. 123
8.10.2 Distributed vertical loads . 123
8.10.3 Simplified vertical loads allowing for redistribution . 124
Annex A (informative) Models of special vehicles for road bridges . 126
A.1 Use of this annex . 126
A.2 Scope and field of application . 126
A.3 Basic models of special vehicles . 126
A.4 Application of special vehicle load models on the carriageway . 129
Annex B (informative) Fatigue life assessment for road bridges Assessment method based
on recorded traffic . 132
B.1 Use of this annex . 132
B.2 Scope and field of application . 132
B.3 Fatigue life assessment for road bridges. 132
Annex C (normative) Dynamic factors 1 + φ for Real Trains . 137
C.1 Use of this annex . 137
C.2 Scope and field of application . 137
C.3 Dynamic factors for Real Trains . 137
Annex D (normative) Basis for the fatigue assessment of railway structures . 139
D.1 Use of this annex . 139
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D.2 Scope and field of application . 139
D.3 Assumptions for fatigue actions . 139
D.4 General design method . 140
D.5 Train types for fatigue . 140
Annex E (informative) Limits of validity of Load Model HSLM . 146
E.1 Use of this annex . 146
E.2 Scope and field of application . 146
E.3 Limits of validity of Load Model HSLM . 146
E.4 Dynamic train signature . 148
Annex F (informative) Load models for rail traffic loads in Transient Design Situations . 150
F.1 Use of this annex . 150
F.2 Scope and field of application . 150
F.3 Load models for rail traffic loads in Transient Design Situations . 150
Annex G (informative) Dynamic load models for footbridges . 151
G.1 Use of this annex . 151
G.2 Scope and field of application . 151
G.3 Traffic classes . 151
G.4 Harmonic load models for pedestrian stream . 152
G.5 Harmonic load models for pedestrians . 154
G.6 Harmonic load model for single jogger or group of joggers . 154
G.7 Harmonic load for intentional excitation . 155
G.8 Guidance for analysis . 156
G.8.1 Evaluation of natural frequencies and modes . 156
G.8.2 Assessment of mass . 156
G.8.3 Assessment of stiffness . 156
G.8.4 Assessment of structural damping . 156
G.8.5 Determination of maximum acceleration . 157
G.8.6 Check criteria for lateral lock-in . 157
G.8.7 Control of vibration . 158
Bibliography . 159
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
European foreword
This document (EN 1991-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250 “Structural
Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all Structural
Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design matters by CEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2027, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2028.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1991-2:2003.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
— EN 1990, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
— EN 1991, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures
— EN 1992, Eurocode 2 — Design of concrete structures
— EN 1993, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures
— EN 1994, Eurocode 4 — Design of composite steel and concrete structures
— EN 1995, Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures
— EN 1996, Eurocode 6 — Design of masonry structures
— EN 1997, Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design
— EN 1998, Eurocode 8 — Design of structures for earthquake resistance
— EN 1999, Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminium structures
— New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass.
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, software developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to the EN 1991 (all parts)
EN 1991 specifies actions for the structural and geotechnical design of buildings, bridges and other civil
engineering works, or parts thereof, including temporary structures, in conjunction with EN 1990 and
the other Eurocodes.
EN 1991 does not cover the specific requirements of actions for seismic regions. Provisions related to
such requirements are given in EN 1998 (all parts), which complement and are consistent with EN 1991.
EN 1991 is also applicable to existing structures for:
— structural assessment,
— strengthening or repair,
— changes of use.
NOTE 1 In these cases, additional or amended provisions can be necessary.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
EN 1991 is also applicable for the design of structures where materials or actions outside the scope of the
other Eurocodes are involved.
NOTE 2 In this case additional or amended provisions can be necessary.
EN 1991 is subdivided in various parts:
— EN 1991-1-1, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-1: Specific weight of materials, self-
weight of construction works and imposed loads for buildings
— EN 1991-1-2, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire
— EN 1991-1-3, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-3: Snow Loads
— EN 1991-1-4, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-4: Wind Actions
— EN 1991-1-5, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-5: Thermal Actions
— EN 1991-1-6, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-6: Actions during execution
— EN 1991-1-7, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-7: Accidental actions
— EN 1991-1-8, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-8: Actions from waves and currents on
coastal structures
— EN 1991-1-9, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 1-9: Atmospheric icing
— EN 1991-2, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges and other civil
engineering works
— EN 1991-3, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machines
— EN 1991-4, Eurocode 1 — Actions on structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks
0.3 Introduction to EN 1991-2
EN 1991-2 gives design guidance and actions due to road, pedestrian and railway traffic on bridges and
civil engineering works together with all relevant Eurocodes.
EN 1991-2 is addressed to all parties involved in construction activities (e.g. public authorities, clients,
designers, contractors, producers, consultants, committees drafting standards for structural design and
related product, testing and execution standards, etc.).
EN 1991-2 is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other parts of the EN 1991 series and the
EN 1992 series to EN 1999 series for the design of structures.
0.4 Additional information specific to EN 1991-2
EN 1991-2 defines models of traffic loads for the design of road bridges, footbridges and railway bridges.
For the design of new bridges, EN 1991-2 is intended to be used, for direct application, together with the
Eurocodes.
The basis for combinations of traffic loads with non-traffic loads are given in EN 1990:2023, A.2.
For road bridges, Load Models 1 and 2, defined in 6.3.2 and 6.3.3, and taken into account with adjustment
factors α and β equal to 1, are deemed to represent the most severe traffic met or expected in practice,
other than that of special vehicles requiring permits to travel, on the main routes of European countries.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
The traffic on other routes in these countries and in some other countries could be substantially lighter,
or better controlled.
For railway bridges, Load Model 71 (together with Load Model SW/0 for continuous structural elements
and decks), defined in 8.3.2, represent the static effect of standard rail traffic operating over the standard
track gauge or wider than the standard track gauge European railway network. Load Model SW/2,
defined in 8.3.3, represents the static effect of heavy rail traffic.
Provision is made for varying the specified loading to cater for variations in the type, volume and
maximum weight of rail traffic on different railways, as well as for different qualities of track.
In addition two other load models are given for railway bridges:
— load model “unloaded train” for checking the lateral stability of bridges and
— load model HSLM to represent the loading from passenger trains at speeds exceeding 200 km/h.
Guidance is also given on aerodynamic actions on structures adjacent to railway tracks as a result of
passing trains and on other actions from railway infrastructure.
Public authorities could also have responsibilities for the issue of regulations on authorized traffic
(especially on vehicle loads) and for delivery and control dispensations when relevant, e.g. for special
vehicles.
0.5 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall” expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
The verb “may” expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can” expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.6 National Annex for EN 1991-2
National choice is allowed in this document where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing EN 1991-2 can have a National Annex containing all national choices
to be used for the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the relevant
country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this document is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this document, the choice can be specified by
a relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by relevant parties.
National choice is allowed in EN 1991-2 through notes to the following clauses:
4.3(1) 5.2(4) 6.1(1) 6.1(2)
6.2.1(1) 6.2.1(2) 6.2.3(1) 6.3.2(4)
6.3.2(9) 6.3.3(1) 6.3.3(4) 6.3.4(1)
6.3.5(1) 6.4.1(2) 6.4.1(4) 6.4.2(5)
6.5.1 – 2 choices 6.5.3(1) 6.6.1(2) – 2 choices 6.6.2(2)
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
6.6.4(1) 6.6.4(2) 6.6.7(4) 6.6.8(2)
6.6.8(4) 6.6.8(5) 6.6.9(1) 6.7.1(2)
6.7.3.3(2) 6.7.3.3(3) 6.7.3.3(5) – 2 choices 6.7.3.3(6)
6.7.3.4(1) 6.8(2) 6.8(3) 6.8(5)
6.8(6) 6.9.1(1) 6.9.2(1) – 4 choices 6.9.3(1) – 2 choices
7.3.2(1) 7.3.3(1) 7.3.4(4) 7.4(1)
7.6.3(1) 8.1(3) 8.1(7) – 2 choices 8.3.2(4)
8.3.3(4) 8.3.6.4(5) 8.3.7(4) 8.4.4(1)
8.4.5.2(1) 8.4.5.4(1) 8.4.5.4(2) – 2 choices 8.4.6.1.1(2)
8.4.6.1.1(4) 8.4.6.1.1(5) 8.4.6.1.1(7) 8.4.6.1.2(3)
8.4.6.2(1) 8.4.6.2(2) 8.4.6.2(7) 8.4.6.2(8)
8.4.6.2(9) 8.4.6.3.1(3) 8.4.6.3.2(2) 8.4.6.3.3(4)
8.4.6.3.3(5) 8.4.6.5(4) 8.4.6.6(4) 8.4.6.6(6)
8.5.1(2) 8.5.1(8) 8.5.1(13) 8.5.3(6)
8.5.3(10) 8.5.3(11) 8.5.3(14) 8.5.4.1(5)
8.5.4.3(1) 8.5.4.3(2) – 2 choices 8.5.4.4(3) 8.5.4.4(6)
8.5.4.5 8.5.4.5.1(2) 8.5.4.5.1(3) 8.5.4.6.1(1)
8.5.4.6.3(1) 8.5.4.6.3(4) 8.6.1(4) 8.6.1(6)
8.7.2(2) 8.7.2(7) 8.7.2(8) 8.7.4(2)
8.8.1(1) 8.8.1(2) 8.8.1(7) 8.8.2(3)
8.8.3.1(1) 8.8.3.2(1) 8.8.4(1) 8.9(2)
8.9(3) 8.9(4) 8.10.1(1) 8.10.1(7)
8.10.2(1) – 3 choices 8.10.3(1) – 2 choices 8.10.3(2) C.3(2) – 2 choices
D.4(2) D.5(1)
National choice is allowed in EN 1991-2 on the application of the following informative annexes:
Annex A Annex B Annex E Annex F
Annex G
The National annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
1 Scope
(1) This document defines imposed loads (models and representative values) associated with road
traffic, pedestrian actions and rail traffic which include, when relevant, dynamic effects and centrifugal,
braking and acceleration actions and actions for accidental design situations.
(2) The imposed loads defined in this document are applicable for the design of new bridges, including
decks, piers, abutments and associated walls (e.g. upstand walls, wing walls and flank walls) and their
foundations. These imposed loads can also be used for the design of other structures subject to traffic
loads (e.g. road tunnel floor slabs, noise barriers and their foundations). Where appropriate, the loads
can also be considered as a basis for assessment or modification of existing structures in combination
with complementary conditions if necessary.
(3) The load models and values given in this document are also applicable for the design of retaining
walls adjacent to roads and railway lines and the design of earthworks subject to road or rail traffic
actions. This document also provides applicability conditions for specific load models.
(4) This document is intended to be used with EN 1990, the other parts of the EN 1991 series and the
EN 1992 series to EN 1999 series for the design of structures.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including
those referenced as recommendations (i.e. in ‘should’ clauses), permissions (‘may’ clauses), possibilities ('can'
clauses), and in notes.
EN 1990:2023, Eurocode — Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2 — Design of concrete structures
EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures
EN 1994 (all parts), Eurocode 4 — Design of composite steel and concrete structures
EN 1995-1-1:— , Eurocode 5 — Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules
for buildings
EN 1997-1:— , Eurocode 7 — Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules
EN 1999 (all parts), Eurocode 9 — Design of aluminium structures
EN 15663, Railway applications — Vehicle reference masses
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 1995-1-1:2023.
Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: prEN 1997-1:2022.
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990 and the following apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 Harmonized terms and common definitions
3.1.1.1
deck
parts of a bridge which carry the traffic loading over piers, abutments and other walls, pylons being
excluded
3.1.1.2
road restraint system
vehicle restraint system and pedestrian restraint system used on the road
Note 1 to entry: Road restraint systems can be, according to use:
— permanent (fixed) or temporary (demountable, i.e. they are removable and used during temporary road
works, emergencies or similar situations),
— deformable or rigid,
— single-sided (they can be hit on one side only) or double-sided (they can be hit on either side).
[SOURCE: EN 1317-1:2010, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.1.3
safety barrier
continous vehicle restraint system installed alongside, or on the central reserve, of a road
[SOURCE: EN 1317-1:2010, 4.3]
3.1.1.4
vehicle parapet
safety barrier installed on the side of a bridge or on a retaining wall or similar structure where there is a
vertical drop and which can include additional protection and restraint for pedestrians and other road
users (combined vehicle/pedestrian parapet)
[SOURCE: EN 1317-1:2010, 4.6]
3.1.1.5
pedestrian restraint system
system installed to provide restraint for pedestrians
[SOURCE: EN 1317-1:2010, 4.8]
3.1.1.6
pedestrian parapet
pedestrian or “other user” restraint system along a bridge or on top of a retaining wall or similar structure
and which is not intended to act as a road vehicle restraint system
SIST EN 1991-2:2024
3.1.1.7
noise barrier
screen to reduce transmission of noise
3.1.1.8
footbridge
bridge intended mainly to carry pedestrian and/or cycle-track loads, and on which neither road traffic
loads, except those permitted vehicles e.g. maintenance vehicles, nor any railway load are permitted
3.1.1.9
civil engineering work
comprising a structure, such as a bridge, road, railway, runway, utilities, or sewerage system, or the result
of operations such as earthworks and geotechnical processes, but excluding a building and its associated
site works
3.1.1.10
geotechnical structure
structure that includes ground or a structural member that relies on the ground for resistance
3.1.2 Terms and definitions specifically for road bridges
3.1.2.1
carriageway
area on the superstructure, that is located between the lesser of the width between kerbs or the inner
limits of the vehicle restraint systems
3.1.2.2
hard shoulder
surfaced strip, usually of one traffic lane width, adjacent to the outermost physical traffic lane, intended
for use by vehicles in the event of difficulty or during obstruction of the physical traffic lanes
3.1.2.3
hard strip
surfaced strip, usually less than or equal to 2 m wide, located alongside a physical traffic lane, and
between this traffic lane and a safety barrier or vehicle parape
...
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