EN ISO 4210-2:2023

Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2023)

This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and care of such bicycles.
This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and less than 750 mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more including folding bicycles.
This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres.
NOTE      For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on toys, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, see ISO 8098.

Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an Fahrräder - Teil 2: Anforderungen für City- und Trekkingfahrräder, Jugendfahrräder, Geländefahrräder und Rennräder (ISO 4210-2:2023)

Dieses Dokument legt sicherheitstechnische und leistungsbezogene Anforderungen an konstruktive Ausführung, Zusammenbau und Prüfung von Fahrrädern und Baugruppen fest und stellt Richtlinien für das Benutzerhandbuch des Herstellers hinsichtlich der Benutzung und Pflege dieser Fahrräder bereit.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Jugendfahrräder mit einer maximalen Sattelhöhe von 635 mm oder höher, aber weniger als 750 mm, City- und Trekkingfahrräder, Geländefahrräder und Rennräder, die über eine maximale Sattelhöhe von 635 mm oder höher verfügen, einschließlich Falträder.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für spezialisierte Fahrradtypen wie Lastenfahrräder, Liegefahrräder, Tandems, BMX Fahrräder und Fahrräder, die für harte Anwendungen wie genehmigte Wettbewerbsveranstaltungen, Trickfahrten oder Kunstsprungfiguren ausgelegt und ausgerüstet sind.
ANMERKUNG   Bei Fahrrädern mit einer maximalen Sattelhöhe von 435 mm oder weniger siehe nationale Bestimmungen für Aufsitzspielzeug und bei einer maximalen Sattelhöhe von mehr als 435 mm und weniger als 635 mm siehe ISO 8098 [8].

Cycles - Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes - Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin (trekking), jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de course (ISO 4210-2:2023)

Le présent document spécifie les exigences de sécurité et de performance à observer lors de la conception, de l'assemblage et des essais des bicyclettes et de leurs sous-ensembles, et précise les lignes directrices concernant les instructions d'utilisation et d'entretien fournies par les fabricants de ces bicyclettes.
Le présent document s'applique aux bicyclettes jeunes adultes ayant une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale à 635 mm et inférieure à 750 mm, aux bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin, aux bicyclettes tout terrain et aux bicyclettes de course ayant une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure ou égale à 635 mm, y compris les bicyclettes pliantes.
Le présent document ne s'applique pas aux types spécialisés de bicyclettes comme les bicyclettes de livraison, les bicyclettes couchées, les tandems, les bicyclettes BMX et les bicyclettes conçues et équipées pour une utilisation dans des usages sévères telles que des compétitions réglementées, des cascades ou des figures acrobatiques.
NOTE          Pour les bicyclettes dont la hauteur maximale de selle est inférieure ou égale à 435 mm, se reporter aux réglementations nationales sur les jouets à enfourcher, et pour une hauteur maximale de selle supérieure à 435 mm et inférieure à 635 mm, voir l'ISO 8098.

Kolesa - Varnostne zahteve za kolesa - 2. del: Zahteve za mestna in treking kolesa, kolesa za mlade, gorska in tekmovalna kolesa (ISO 4210-2:2023)

Ta dokument določa varnostne in tehnične zahteve za zasnovo, sestavo in preskušanje koles in njihovih podsestavov z višino sedeža, ter določa smernice za proizvajalčeva navodila za uporabo in nego takšnih koles.
Ta dokument se uporablja za kolesa za mlade z maksimalno višino sedeža najmanj 635 mm in največ 750 mm, mestna in treking kolesa, gorska kolesa in tekmovalna kolesa z maksimalno višino sedeža najmanj 635 mm, vključno z zložljivimi kolesi.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za specializirane vrste koles, na primer dostavna kolesa, ležeča kolesa, tandemska kolesa, kolesa BMX in kolesa, zasnovana in opremljena za uporabo v zahtevnih pogojih, na primer na sankcioniranih tekmovanjih, za izvajanje trikov in akrobacij.
OPOMBA:   Za kolesa z maksimalno višino sedeža 435 mm ali manj glej nacionalne predpise za otroška igralna vozila, za kolesa z maksimalno višino sedeža najmanj 435 mm in največ 635 mm pa glej standard ISO 8098.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Jan-2023
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 333 - Cycles
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 333 - Cycles
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 25-Jan-2023
• Completion Date: 25-Jan-2023
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 4210-2:2023 - Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2023)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 4210-2:2015 - Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2015)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Overview

EN ISO 4210-2:2023 - "Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2" is the CEN-adopted version of ISO 4210-2:2023. It specifies safety and performance requirements, assembly/design guidelines and required tests for city & trekking, young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (including folding bikes) with a maximum saddle height ≥ 635 mm. The standard also sets out information that manufacturers must provide on the safe use and care of these bicycles. EN ISO 4210-2:2023 supersedes the 2015 edition and is intended for use across CEN member countries.

Key topics and technical requirements

The document defines mandatory requirements and test methods across major bicycle systems. Key topics include:

• Scope & applicability: Applies to young adult (saddle height ≥ 635 mm and < 750 mm), city/trekking, mountain and racing bicycles (including folding). Excludes specialized types (tandems, recumbents, BMX, delivery bikes, competition/stunt/aerobatic bicycles).
• Safety-related components: Requirements for fasteners, sharp edges, exposed protrusions and toxicity limits.
• Braking systems: Design, attachment, strength, braking performance tests, heat-resistance and brake-pad security.
• Steering & controls: Handlebar/stem dimensions, grip/plug safety, clamping requirements, steering stability and fatigue/static strength tests.
• Frames & forks: Impact tests, multiple fatigue tests (pedalling, horizontal, vertical), suspension-frame provisions, front fork tensile/bending/fatigue and axle retention.
• Wheels & tyres: Rotational accuracy, clearance, static strength, wheel retention, quick-release features, heat-resistance and overpressure tests.
• Pedals & drivetrain: Pedal clearance, static and dynamic strength/durability tests, crank and drive-chain/drive-belt requirements.
• Protective devices & user information: Chain-wheel guards, required labeling and manufacturer care/use instructions.

(Section headings in the standard list many specific test methods such as static strength, fatigue, impact and heat resistance for each subsystem.)

Applications and who uses it

EN ISO 4210-2:2023 is practical for:

• Bicycle manufacturers and OEMs - design validation, production control and CE/national compliance.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies - framing test plans and reporting against standardized methods.
• Product designers and R&D teams - engineering to accepted safety/performance benchmarks.
• Procurement specialists and retailers - specifying compliant models for markets in Europe and aligned jurisdictions.
• Regulatory and standards professionals - harmonizing national rules and updating compliance documentation.

Using this standard reduces safety risk, supports market access in CEN countries, and provides reproducible test methods for product liability mitigation and quality assurance.

Related standards

• ISO 4210 series (other parts covering terminology, specific tests and other bicycle categories)
• ISO 8098 (applies to bicycles with saddle height > 435 mm and < 635 mm; relates to children’s bicycles)
• EN ISO 4210-2:2015 (superseded)

Keywords: EN ISO 4210-2:2023, bicycle safety standard, city bicycles, trekking bicycles, mountain bikes, racing bicycles, bicycle testing, braking performance, frame fatigue test, CEN compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 4210-2:2015
Kolesa - Varnostne zahteve za kolesa - 2. del: Zahteve za mestna in treking kolesa,
kolesa za mlade, gorska in tekmovalna kolesa (ISO 4210-2:2023)
Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2: Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2023)
Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an Fahrräder - Teil 2: Anforderungen
für City- und Trekkingfahrräder, Jugendfahrräder, Geländefahrräder (Mountainbikes) und
Rennräder (ISO 4210-2:2023)
Cycles - Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes - Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes
de ville et tout chemin (trekking), jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de course (ISO 4210-
2:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4210-2:2023
ICS:
43.150 Kolesa Cycles
97.220.40 Oprema za športe na Outdoor and water sports
prostem in vodne športe equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 4210-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 43.150 Supersedes EN ISO 4210-2:2015
English Version
Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 2:
Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain
and racing bicycles (ISO 4210-2:2023)
Cycles - Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes - Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an
Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes de ville et tout Fahrräder - Teil 2: Anforderungen für City- und
chemin (trekking), jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de Trekkingfahrräder, Jugendfahrräder, Geländefahrräder
course (ISO 4210-2:2023) (Mountainbikes) und Rennräder (ISO 4210-2:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 January 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4210-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 4210-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149 "Cycles"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 333 “Cycles” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 4210-2:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4210-2:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4210-2:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4210-2
Third edition
2023-01
Cycles — Safety requirements for
bicycles —
Part 2:
Requirements for city and trekking,
young adult, mountain and racing
bicycles
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes —
Partie 2: Exigences pour bicyclettes de ville et tout chemin (trekking),
jeunes adultes, tout-terrain et de course
Reference number
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Requirements . 2
4.1 Toxicity . 2
4.2 Sharp edges . 2
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners . 2
4.3.1 Security of screws . 2
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque . 2
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism . 2
4.4 Crack detection methods . 3
4.5 Exposed protrusions . 3
4.6 Brakes . 3
4.6.1 Braking systems . 3
4.6.2 Hand-operated brakes . 3
4.6.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements . 4
4.6.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test . 5
4.6.5 Brake adjustment . 5
4.6.6 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test . 5
4.6.7 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test. 5
4.6.8 Braking performance . 5
4.6.9 Brakes — Heat-resistance test . . 8
4.7 Steering . 8
4.7.1 Handlebar — Dimensions . 8
4.7.2 Handlebar grips and plugs . 9
4.7.3 Handlebar stem — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 9
4.7.4 Handlebar stem to fork steerer — Clamping requirements . 10
4.7.5 Steering stability . 10
4.7.6 Steering assembly — Static strength and security tests . 11
4.7.7 Handlebar and stem assembly — Fatigue test .12
4.8 Frames .12
4.8.1 Suspension-frames — Special requirements .12
4.8.2 Frame — Impact test (falling mass) . 13
4.8.3 Frame and front fork assembly — Impact test (falling frame) .13
4.8.4 Frame — Fatigue test with pedalling forces .13
4.8.5 Frame — Fatigue test with horizontal forces . .13
4.8.6 Frame — Fatigue test with a vertical force .13
4.8.7 Rear brake mount tests . 14
4.9 Front fork . 14
4.9.1 General . 14
4.9.2 Means of location of the axle and wheel retention . 14
4.9.3 Tyre clearance test — Suspension fork . 14
4.9.4 Front fork — Tensile test . 14
4.9.5 Front fork — Static bending test . 14
4.9.6 Front fork — Rearward impact test . 14
4.9.7 Front fork — Bending fatigue test plus rearward impact test .15
4.9.8 Forks intended for use with hub- or disc-brakes. 15
4.9.9 Steerer tube — fatigue test . 15
4.10 Wheels and tyre assembly . 16
4.10.1 Wheels and tyre assembly — Rotational accuracy — Concentricity
tolerance and lateral tolerance . 16
iii
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
4.10.2 Wheel and tyre assembly — Clearance . 16
4.10.3 Wheel and tyre assembly — Static strength test . 16
4.10.4 Wheels — Wheel retention . 16
4.10.5 Wheels — Quick-release devices — Operating features . 17
4.10.6 Wheel and tyre assembly — Greenhouse effect test for composite wheels . 17
4.10.7 Wheel and tyre assembly — Heat resistance tests for composite rims used
in conjunction with rim brake. 18
4.10.8 Wheel and tyre assembly — Overpressure test . 18
4.10.9 Wheel and tyre assembly —Information for users . 19
4.11 Front mudguard . 19
4.12 Pedals and pedal/crank drive system . 19
4.12.1 Pedal tread . 19
4.12.2 Pedal clearance .20
4.12.3 Pedal — Static strength test . 21
4.12.4 Pedal — Impact test . 21
4.12.5 Pedal — Dynamic durability test . 21
4.12.6 Drive system — Static strength test . 21
4.12.7 Crank assembly — Fatigue test . 22
4.13 Drive-chain and drive belt . 22
4.13.1 Drive-chain .22
4.13.2 Drive belt .22
4.14 Chain-wheel and belt-drive protective device . 22
4.14.1 Requirements .22
4.14.2 Chain-wheel disc and drive pulley disc diameter .23
4.14.3 Chain and drive belt protective device . 24
4.14.4 Combined front gear-change guide . . 25
4.15 Saddles and seat-posts . 25
4.15.1 Limiting dimensions .25
4.15.2 Seat-post — Insertion-depth mark or positive stop . 25
4.15.3 Saddle/seat-post — Security test . 26
4.15.4 Saddle and saddle rail — Static strength test . 26
4.15.5 Saddle and seat-post assembly — Fatigue test . 26
4.15.6 Seat-post — Fatigue test . 26
4.16 Spoke protector . 27
4.17 Luggage carriers . 27
4.18 Road test of a fully assembled bicycle. 27
4.19 Lighting systems and reflectors . 27
4.19.1 General . 27
4.19.2 Wiring harness . 27
4.19.3 Lighting systems .28
4.19.4 Reflectors .28
4.20 Warning device .28
5 Manufacturer's instructions .28
6 Marking . .30
6.1 Requirement .30
6.2 Durability test . 31
Annex A (informative) Steering geometry .32
Bibliography .33
iv
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles
and major sub-assemblies, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 333, Cycles, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4210-2:2015), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes as follows:
— improvement of 4.3.2 Minimum failure torque;
— change in minimum braking performance value in Table 2 of 4.6.8.1.3;
— improvement of 4.6.9;
— improvement of 4.7.2;
— addition of a requirement for angle-adjustable handlebar stem in 4.7.6.3;
— addition of 4.8.7;
— addition of 4.9.8.3;
— addition of 4.9.9;
— re-arrangement of requirements for “Wheel and tyre assembly”, “Rims, tyres, and tubes”;
— improvement of 4.10.2;
— change in test force of 4.10.4.3;
— addition of 4.10.7;
v
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
— improvement of 4.11;
— change in option c) of 4.14;
— addition of 4.15.4.2;
— improvement of 4.15.6;
— addition of icons in Clause 6.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4210 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
vi
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Introduction
This document has been developed in response to demand throughout the world, and the aim has been
to ensure that bicycles manufactured in conformity with this document will be as safe as is practically
possible. The tests have been designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts as well
as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety aspects
from the design stage onwards.
The scope has been limited to safety considerations and has specifically avoided standardization of
components.
For the purpose of improving the safety of luggage carriers, revision work of ISO 11243, referenced
in 4.17, is in progress. In case this revision work involves requirements for the entire bicycle, this
document will incorporate those requirements in the next revision.
If the bicycle should be used on public roads, national regulations apply.
vii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —
Part 2:
Requirements for city and trekking, young adult, mountain
and racing bicycles
1 Scope
This document specifies safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly, and testing of
bicycles and sub-assemblies, and lays down guidelines for manufacturer’s instructions on the use and
care of such bicycles.
This document applies to young adult bicycles with maximum saddle height of 635 mm or more and less
than 750 mm, city and trekking bicycles, mountain bicycles, and racing bicycles that have a maximum
saddle height of 635 mm or more including folding bicycles.
This document does not apply to specialized types of bicycle, such as delivery bicycles, recumbent
bicycles, tandems, BMX bicycles, and bicycles designed and equipped for use in severe applications such
as sanctioned competition events, stunting, or aerobatic manoeuvres.
NOTE For bicycles with a maximum saddle height of 435 mm or less, see national regulations for ride-on
[8]
toys, and with a maximum saddle height of more than 435 mm and less than 635 mm, see ISO 8098 .
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4210-1, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 4210-3:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 3: Common test methods
ISO 4210-4:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test methods
ISO 4210-5:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 5: Steering test methods
ISO 4210-6:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 6: Frame and fork test methods
ISO 4210-7:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 7: Wheels and rims test methods
ISO 4210-8:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 8: Pedal and drive system test methods
ISO 4210-9:2023, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 9: Saddles and seat-post test methods
ISO 6742-1, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 1: Lighting and light signalling devices
ISO 6742-2, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 6742-3, Cycles — Lighting and retro-reflective devices — Part 3: Installation and use of lighting and
retro-reflective devices
ISO 9633, Cycle chains — Characteristics and test methods
ISO 11243, Cycles — Luggage carriers for bicycles —Requirements and test methods
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
ISO 14878, Cycles — Audible warning devices — Technical specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4210-1 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Requirements
4.1 Toxicity
Any items which come into intimate contact with the rider (i.e. causing any hazard due to sucking or
licking) shall conform with any national regulations specific to children's products.
4.2 Sharp edges
Exposed edges that could come into contact with the rider's hands, legs, etc., during normal riding or
normal handling and normal maintenance shall not be sharp, e.g. deburred, broken, rolled, or processed
with comparable techniques.
[9]
NOTE See ISO 13715 .
4.3 Security and strength of safety-related fasteners
4.3.1 Security of screws
Any screws used in the assembly of suspension systems, brackets attached to electric generators, brake
mechanisms and mudguards to the frame or fork shall be provided with suitable locking devices, e.g.
lock-washers, lock-nuts, thread locking compound, or stiff nuts. Fasteners used to assemble hub and
disc brakes shall have heat-resistant locking devices.
[1]
NOTE For example, mechanical and physical properties of bolts are specified in ISO 898-1 .
4.3.2 Minimum failure torque
The minimum failure torque of bolted joints for the fastening of handle bars, handlebar stems, bar ends,
saddle and seat-posts shall be at least 20 % greater than the manufacturer's maximum recommended
tightening torque.
4.3.3 Folding bicycle mechanism
If folding bicycle mechanism is provided, it shall be designed so that the bicycle can be locked for use in
a simple, stable, safe way, and when folded, no damage shall occur to any cables. No locking mechanism
shall contact the wheels or tyres during riding, and it shall be impossible to unintentionally loosen or
unlock the folding mechanisms during riding.
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
4.4 Crack detection methods
Standardized methods should be used to emphasize the presence of cracks where visible cracks are
specified as criteria of failure in tests specified in this document.
[2] [3]
NOTE For example, suitable dye-penetrant methods are specified in ISO 3452-1 , ISO 3452-2 ,
[4] [5]
ISO 3452-3 , and ISO 3452-4 . In addition, white paint or surface treatment can be used to aid in detection for
composite materials.
4.5 Exposed protrusions
This requirement is intended to address the hazards associated with the users of bicycles falling on
projections or rigid components (e.g. handlebars, levers) on a bicycle, possibly causing internal injury or
skin puncture.
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to the user
should be protected. The size and shape of the end protection has not been stipulated, but an adequate
shape shall be given to avoid puncturing of the body. Screw threads which constitute a puncture
hazard shall be limited to a protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally
threaded mating part.
NOTE Handlebar ends are covered in 4.7.2.
4.6 Brakes
4.6.1 Braking systems
A bicycle shall be equipped with at least two independently actuated braking systems. At least one
shall operate on the front wheel and one on the rear wheel. The braking systems shall operate without
binding and shall be capable of meeting the braking performance requirements of 4.6.8.
Brake blocks containing asbestos shall not be permitted.
4.6.2 Hand-operated brakes
4.6.2.1 Brake lever position
The brake levers for front and rear brakes shall be positioned according to the legislation or custom and
practice of the country in which the bicycle is to be sold, and the bicycle manufacturer shall state in the
manufacturer’s instructions which levers operate the front and rear brakes [see also Clause 5, item b)].
4.6.2.2 Brake lever grip dimensions
a) The brake lever similar to type A or type B.
The dimension, d, measured at the non-activated position of the brake lever between the outer surfaces
of the brake lever in the region intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the handlebar or
any other covering present shall cover a distance of not less than 40 mm as shown in Figure 1 a) and
Figure 1 b) and conform to the following:
— on bicycles on which the minimum intended height of the saddle is 635 mm or more, d shall not
exceed 90 mm;
— on bicycles on which the minimum intended height of the saddle is less than 635 mm, d shall not
exceed 75 mm.
Conformity shall be established by the method detailed in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.1.1. The range of
adjustment on the brake lever should permit these dimensions to be obtained.
NOTE See Clause 5, item c) in relation to the minimum intended height of the saddle.
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
b) The brake lever similar to type C.
It shall be possible to fit the dimension gauge shown in ISO 4210-4:2023, Figure 3 over the brake lever (or
a secondary brake lever) and the handlebar grip or any other covering in at least one position between
points B and C indicated in Figure 1 c), without causing any movement of the brake lever towards the
handlebar. The dimension d shall not exceed 100 mm.
Conformance shall be established by the method detailed in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.1.2. The range of
adjustment on the brake lever should permit these dimensions to be obtained.
Dimensions in millimetres
a)  Type A b)  Type B
c)  Type C
Key
1 pivot
a distance between the last part of the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever
B point of L/2
C point of 20 mm (in case of an extension brake lever, 15 mm) from the end of the lever
d brake lever grip dimension — non activated
L distance between the centre of the lever pivot and the lever tip end
Figure 1 — Brake lever grip dimensions
4.6.3 Attachment of brake assembly and cable requirements
Cable pinch bolts shall not sever any of the cable strands when assembled to the manufacturer's
instructions. In the event of a cable failing, no part of the brake mechanism shall inadvertently inhibit
the rotation of the wheel.
The cable end shall either be protected with a cap that shall withstand a removal force of not less than
20 N or be otherwise treated to prevent unravelling.
NOTE See 4.3 in relation to fasteners.
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
4.6.4 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test
The friction material shall be securely attached to the holder, backing plate, or shoe and there shall be
no failure of the braking system or any component thereof, and the brake shall meet the performance
requirements of 4.6.8 when tested by the method specified in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.3.
4.6.5 Brake adjustment
Each brake shall be equipped with an adjustment mechanism, either manual or automatic.
Each brake shall be capable of adjustment with or without the use of a tool to an efficient operating
position until the friction material has worn to the point of requiring replacement as recommended in
the manufacturer's instructions. Also, when correctly adjusted, the friction material shall not contact
anything other than the intended braking surface.
The brake blocks of a bicycle with rod brakes shall not come into contact with the rim of the wheels
when the steering angle of the handlebars is set at 60°, nor shall the rods bend, or be twisted after the
handlebars are reset to the central position.
4.6.6 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test
When tested by the method described in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.4, there shall be no failure of the braking
system or of any component thereof.
4.6.7 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test
4.6.7.1 General
If the back-pedal braking system is fitted, the brake shall be actuated by the operator's foot applying
force to the pedal in a direction opposite to that of the drive force. The brake mechanism shall function
regardless of any drive gear positions or adjustments. The differential between the drive and brake
positions of the crank shall not exceed 60°.
The measurement shall be taken with the crank held against each position with a pedal force of at least
250 N. The force shall be maintained for 1 min in each position.
4.6.7.2 Requirement
When tested in accordance with ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.5, there shall be no failure of the brake system or
any component thereof.
4.6.8 Braking performance
4.6.8.1 General
4.6.8.1.1 Test method options
Two test methods are specified to determine braking performance and experience has shown that
either method is suitable and either can be used. One test method is the track test in which braking
distance is measured directly with the progressive characteristics of the brakes being self-evident. The
alternative test method is a machine/rig base test in which braking force is measured and, from which,
braking performance values are calculated. The progressive characteristics of the brake are determined
by linearity measurements. A final, simple track test checks for smooth, safe, stopping characteristics.
Whichever method is used, there shall be conformity with 4.6.8.1.2 or 4.6.8.1.3.
NOTE1 See ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.5.7 item i), test method — simple track test.
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
NOTE2 For the purposes of improving repeatability and reproducibility and considering the applicability to
all types of bicycle and the size and influence of the operator, the machine test method reflects today's state of
the art.
4.6.8.1.2 Track test
When tested in accordance with ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.3, the bicycle shall fulfil the requirements shown
in Table 1.
Table 1 — Brake test velocities and braking distances
Maximum
Velocity corrected braking
Bicycle type Condition Brake in use
distance
km/h
m
Both 7
Dry 25
Rear only 15
City and trekking
bicycles
Both 5
Wet 16
Rear only 10
Both 7
Dry 25
Rear only 15
Young adult bicycles
Both 5
Wet 16
Rear only 10
Both 6
Dry 25
Rear only 10
Mountain bicycles
Both 5
Wet 16
Rear only 10
Both 6
Dry 25
Rear only 12
Racing bicycles
Both 5
Wet 16
Rear only 10
4.6.8.1.3 Machine test
When tested in accordance with ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.5, the bicycle shall fulfil the requirements shown
in Table 2.
Table 2 — Calculated braking performance values
Minimum
braking perfor-
mance
Bicycle type Condition Brake in use
value, B
p
N
Front only 300
Dry
Rear only 200
City and trekking
bicycles
Front only 150
Wet
Rear only 120
ISO 4210-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Minimum
braking perfor-
mance
Bicycle type Condition Brake in use
value, B
p
N
Front only 180
Dry
Rear only 120
Young adult
bicycles
Front only 90
Wet
Rear only 80
Front only 350
Dry
Rear only 260
Mountain bicycles
Front only 180
Wet
Rear only 120
Front only 350
Dry
Rear only 220
Racing bicycles
Front only 160
Wet
Rear only 120
4.6.8.2 Smooth, safe-stop characteristics
The bicycle shall show smooth, safe-stop characteristics with regard to the intended use of the bicycle
and the ability of the expected user of the bicycle.
a) For the track test, smooth, safe-stop characteristics are defined as stopping within the required
distances without occurrence of any of the following:
1) excessive juddering;
2) front wheel locking;
3) bicycle overturning (rear wheel lifting uncontrollably);
4) rider's loss of control;
5) excessive side-skid causing the rider to put his foot to the ground to retain control.
With certain types of braking system, it might not be possible to avoid entirely some skidding of the
rear wheel and tyre assembly during braking; this is considered acceptable provided that item 4)
or item 5) above do not occur as a result.
Back pedal brakes shall additionally conform with the linearity test of ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.4.
b) For the machine test, smooth, safe-stop characteristics are defined by conformity with the
linearity requirements specified in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.5.3 and the simple track test described in
ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.5.7 item i).
4.6.8.3 Ratio between wet and dry braking performance
For city and trekking, young adult, and mountain bicycles, in order to ensure safety for both wet and
dry braking, the ratio of braking performance wet/dry shall be greater than 4:10.
The methods for calculating this ratio are given in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.3.11 item c) for the track test
and in ISO 4210-4:2023, 4.6.5.7 item h) for the machine test.
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