EN ISO 3252:2019
(Main)Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
This document defines terms relating to powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy is the branch of metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders, or of articles made from such powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the application of forming and sintering processes.
Pulvermetallurgie - Begriffe (ISO 3252:2019)
Dieses Dokument definiert die Begriffe aus dem Gebiet Pulvermetallurgie. Die Pulvermetallurgie ist ein Zweig der Metallurgie, der sich mit der Herstellung metallischer Pulver oder der Herstellung von Teilen, die aus solchen Pulvern mit oder ohne Zusätze nichtmetallischer Pulver durch Formen und Sintern erzeugt werden, beschäftigt.
Métallurgie des poudres - Vocabulaire (ISO 3252:2019)
Le présent document définit des termes relatifs à la métallurgie des poudres. La métallurgie des poudres est la branche de la métallurgie qui a trait à la fabrication de poudres métalliques, ou d'articles fabriqués à partir des dites poudres, avec ou sans addition de poudres non métalliques, par application de procédés de formage et de frittage.
Metalurgija prahov - Slovar (ISO 3252:2019)
Ta dokument določa izraze, povezane z metalurgijo prahov. Metalurgija prahov je veja metalurgije, ki je povezana s proizvodnjo kovinskih prahov ali artiklov, izdelanih iz takih prahov, in sicer z dodatkom nekovinskih prahov ali brez njih, z uporabo procesov oblikovanja in sintranja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 3252:2001
Metalurgija prahov - Slovar (ISO 3252:2019)
Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
Pulvermetallurgie - Begriffe (ISO 3252:2019)
Métallurgie des poudres - Vocabulaire (ISO 3252:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3252:2019
ICS:
01.040.77 Metalurgija (Slovarji) Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 3252
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.77; 77.160 Supersedes EN ISO 3252:2000
English Version
Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
Métallurgie des poudres - Vocabulaire (ISO 3252:2019) Pulvermetallurgie - Begriffe (ISO 3252:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3252:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 3252:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS M11 “Powder metallurgy” the
secretariat of which is held by CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3252:2000.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3252:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3252:2019 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3252
Fifth edition
2019-08
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 3252:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 3252:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms relating to powders . 1
3.2 Terms relating to forming .14
3.3 Terms relating to sintering and characteristics of sintered materials .24
3.4 Terms relating to post-sintering treatments .30
3.5 Terms relating to powder metallurgy materials .31
Bibliography .34
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 3252:1999), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— addition of the mandatory Clause 2 (Normative references);
— addition of terms in current use.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Introduction
The terms are classified alphabetically under the following main headings:
— powders;
— forming;
— sintering and characteristics of sintered materials;
— post-sintering treatments;
— powder metallurgy materials.
NOTE Additional information on certain terms defined can be found in the standards given in Notes to entry.
These are listed in the Bibliography.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3252:2019(E)
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy is the branch of
metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders, or of articles made from such
powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the application of forming and
sintering processes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms relating to powders
3.1.1
acicular
needle-shaped
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Acicular
ISO 3252:2019(E)
3.1.2
agglomerate
several particles adhering together
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Key
1 grain
2 particle
3 agglomerate
Figure 2 — Diagramatic representation of grain, particle and agglomerate
3.1.3
alloyed powder
metal powder consisting of at least two constituents that are partially or completely alloyed with
each other
3.1.4
angle of repose
basal angle of a pile formed by a powder when freely poured under specified conditions on to a
horizontal surface
3.1.5
angular
sharp-edged or roughly polyhedral
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Figure 3 — Angular
3.1.6
apparent density
mass per unit volume of a powder obtained following specific methods
Note 1 to entry: For example, ISO 3923-1 related to free-flowing powders and ISO 3923-2 related to non-free-
flowing powders.
3.1.7
atomization
dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.8
atomized metal powder
metal powder produced by atomization (3.1.7)
3.1.9
binder
material added to the powder mix to increase the green strength (3.2.47) of the compact or to counteract
dusting and segregation (3.1.75) of fine particulate mix constituents, and which is expelled during
sintering
Note 1 to entry: In hard metals, it is also used for material (binder metal, usually of lower melting point) added to
a powder mixture for the specific purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter
into a strong body.
Note 2 to entry: Cementing medium is also used in the field of hard metals.
3.1.10
blended powder
powder made by blending (3.1.11) powders
ISO 3252:2019(E)
3.1.11
blending
thorough intermingling of powders of the same nominal composition
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with mixing (3.1.53).
3.1.12
bridging
formation of arched cavities in a powder mass
3.1.13
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a powder under nonstandard conditions
3.1.14
cake
bonded mass of unpressed metal powder
EXAMPLE The condition of a powder mass as it exits an annealing furnace.
3.1.15
carbonyl powder
powder produced by the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonyl
3.1.16
chill-block cooling
process for producing rapidly solidified powders by cooling a thin layer of molten material on a solid
substrate
3.1.17
chopped powder
powder produced by chopping material such as sheet, ribbon, fibre or filament
3.1.18
classification
separation of powder into fractions according to particle size
3.1.19
coated powder
powder consisting of particles having a surface layer of different composition
3.1.20
comminuted powder
powder produced by mechanical disintegration of solid metal
3.1.21
compactability
conceptual term, encompassing the powder characteristics of compressibility (3.1.24
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO 3252:2001
Metalurgija prahov - Slovar (ISO 3252:2019)
Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
Pulvermetallurgie - Begriffe (ISO 3252:2019)
Métallurgie des poudres - Vocabulaire (ISO 3252:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3252:2019
ICS:
01.040.77 Metalurgija (Slovarji) Metallurgy (Vocabularies)
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 3252
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2019
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.77; 77.160 Supersedes EN ISO 3252:2000
English Version
Powder metallurgy - Vocabulary (ISO 3252:2019)
Métallurgie des poudres - Vocabulaire (ISO 3252:2019) Pulvermetallurgie - Begriffe (ISO 3252:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 August 2019.
This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre on 23 October 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 3252:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 3252:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/SS M11 “Powder metallurgy” the
secretariat of which is held by CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2020, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 3252:2000.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 3252:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 3252:2019 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3252
Fifth edition
2019-08
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
Métallurgie des poudres — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 3252:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 3252:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms relating to powders . 1
3.2 Terms relating to forming .14
3.3 Terms relating to sintering and characteristics of sintered materials .24
3.4 Terms relating to post-sintering treatments .30
3.5 Terms relating to powder metallurgy materials .31
Bibliography .34
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 3252:1999), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— addition of the mandatory Clause 2 (Normative references);
— addition of terms in current use.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Introduction
The terms are classified alphabetically under the following main headings:
— powders;
— forming;
— sintering and characteristics of sintered materials;
— post-sintering treatments;
— powder metallurgy materials.
NOTE Additional information on certain terms defined can be found in the standards given in Notes to entry.
These are listed in the Bibliography.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3252:2019(E)
Powder metallurgy — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document defines terms relating to powder metallurgy. Powder metallurgy is the branch of
metallurgy which relates to the manufacture of metallic powders, or of articles made from such
powders with or without the addition of non-metallic powders, by the application of forming and
sintering processes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms relating to powders
3.1.1
acicular
needle-shaped
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Acicular
ISO 3252:2019(E)
3.1.2
agglomerate
several particles adhering together
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Key
1 grain
2 particle
3 agglomerate
Figure 2 — Diagramatic representation of grain, particle and agglomerate
3.1.3
alloyed powder
metal powder consisting of at least two constituents that are partially or completely alloyed with
each other
3.1.4
angle of repose
basal angle of a pile formed by a powder when freely poured under specified conditions on to a
horizontal surface
3.1.5
angular
sharp-edged or roughly polyhedral
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 3252:2019(E)
Figure 3 — Angular
3.1.6
apparent density
mass per unit volume of a powder obtained following specific methods
Note 1 to entry: For example, ISO 3923-1 related to free-flowing powders and ISO 3923-2 related to non-free-
flowing powders.
3.1.7
atomization
dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means
[SOURCE: ASTM B243-17]
3.1.8
atomized metal powder
metal powder produced by atomization (3.1.7)
3.1.9
binder
material added to the powder mix to increase the green strength (3.2.47) of the compact or to counteract
dusting and segregation (3.1.75) of fine particulate mix constituents, and which is expelled during
sintering
Note 1 to entry: In hard metals, it is also used for material (binder metal, usually of lower melting point) added to
a powder mixture for the specific purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter
into a strong body.
Note 2 to entry: Cementing medium is also used in the field of hard metals.
3.1.10
blended powder
powder made by blending (3.1.11) powders
ISO 3252:2019(E)
3.1.11
blending
thorough intermingling of powders of the same nominal composition
Note 1 to entry: Not to be confused with mixing (3.1.53).
3.1.12
bridging
formation of arched cavities in a powder mass
3.1.13
bulk density
mass per unit volume of a powder under nonstandard conditions
3.1.14
cake
bonded mass of unpressed metal powder
EXAMPLE The condition of a powder mass as it exits an annealing furnace.
3.1.15
carbonyl powder
powder produced by the thermal decomposition of a metal carbonyl
3.1.16
chill-block cooling
process for producing rapidly solidified powders by cooling a thin layer of molten material on a solid
substrate
3.1.17
chopped powder
powder produced by chopping material such as sheet, ribbon, fibre or filament
3.1.18
classification
separation of powder into fractions according to particle size
3.1.19
coated powder
powder consisting of particles having a surface layer of different composition
3.1.20
comminuted powder
powder produced by mechanical disintegr
...
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