CEN/TS 15370-1:2006

Solid biofuels - Method for the determination of ash melting behaviour - Part 1: Characteristic temperatures method

This document specifies a method for the determination of the characteristic temperatures for the ash melting behaviour of solid biofuels.

Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Schmelzverhaltens der Asche - Teil 1: Verfahren zur Bestimmung charakteristischer Temperaturen

Diese Technische Spezifikation legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung charakteristischer Temperaturen für das Schmelzverhalten der Asche von festen Biobrennstoffen fest.

Biocombustibles solides - Méthode de détermination de la fusibilité des cendres - Partie 1: Méthode des températures caractéristiques

Trdna biogoriva - Metoda za določanje taljenja pepela - 1. del: Karakteristična temperaturna metoda

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 26-Sep-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 11-Feb-2020
• ICS: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels
• ICS: 75.160.40 - Biofuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 335 - Solid biofuels
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 335/WG 4 - Physical and Mechanical Test Methods
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 12-Feb-2020
• Mandate: M/298 - Mandate to CEN for standardisation in the field of solid biofuels
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 15370-1:2006 - Solid biofuels - Method for the determination of ash melting behaviour - Part 1: Characteristic temperatures method

Relations

• Replaced By: EN ISO 21404:2020 - Solid biofuels - Determination of ash melting behaviour (ISO 21404:2020)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2006
7UGQDELRJRULYD0HWRGD]DGRORþDQMHWDOMHQMDSHSHODGHO.DUDNWHULVWLþQD
WHPSHUDWXUQDPHWRGD
Solid biofuels - Method for the determination of ash melting behaviour - Part 1:
Characteristic temperatures method
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Schmelzverhaltens der Asche -
Teil 1: Verfahren zur Bestimmung charakteristischer Temperaturen
Biocombustibles solides - Méthode de détermination de la fusibilité des cendres - Partie
1: Méthode des températures caractéristiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15370-1:2006
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15370-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2006
ICS 75.160.10
English Version
Solid biofuels - Method for the determination of ash melting
behaviour - Part 1: Characteristic temperatures method
Biocombustibles solides - Méthode de détermination de la Feste Biobrennstoffe - Verfahren zur Bestimmung des
fusibilité des cendres - Partie 1: Méthode des températures Schmelzverhaltens der Asche - Teil 1: Verfahren zur
caractéristiques Bestimmung charakteristischer Temperaturen
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 28 February 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15370-1:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction.4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and Definitions.5
4 Principle .5
5 Reagents .6
6 Apparatus.6
7  Test conditions.7
8 Calibration check.8
9 Preparation of the test piece .8
10 Procedure.9
11 Precision of the method.9
12 Test report.9
Annex A .10
Bibliography.11

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15370-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335
“Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction
Ash melting is a complex process where also sintering, shrinkage and swelling can occur.
The test method described in this Technical Specification provides information about fusion and
melting behaviour of the composite inorganic constituents of the fuel ash at high temperatures.
The test method is empirical. The ash used for the test is a homogeneous material, prepared from the
fuel, and the determination is performed at a controlled rate of heating in a controlled atmosphere. In
contrast, under full-scale conditions, the complex processes of combustion and fusion involve
heterogeneous mixtures of particles, variable heating rates and gas compositions.
The determined characteristic temperatures in the test can be used for comparison of the tendency of
the ashes from different types and qualities of solid biofuels to form fused deposits or to cause bed
agglomeration on heating.
The method is based on the methods described in ISO 540:1995 and DIN 51730:1998.
The terms ash fusibility and ash softening are synonyms to ash melting.

1  Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the characteristic temperatures for the ash melting
behaviour of solid biofuels.
2  Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TS 14588:2003, Solid Biofuels – Terminology, definitions and descriptions
CEN/TS 14775:2004, Solid Biofuels –Method for the determination of ash content
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 14588:2003 shall
apply together with the following.
3.1
Shrinkage starting temperature
(abbreviation: SST): The temperature at which shrinking of the test piece occurs. This temperature is defined
o
as when the area of the test piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550 C.
NOTE Shrinking may be due to liberation of carbon dioxide, volatile alkali compounds, and/or sintering.
3.2
Deformation temperature
(abbreviation: DT): The temperature at which the first signs of rounding of the edges of the test piece occurs
due to melting.
NOTE For computerised evaluation a shape factor change of 15 % marks the deformation temperature. For definition of
shape factor see normative Annex A.
3.3
Hemisphere temperature
(abbreviation: HT): The temperature at which the test piece forms approximately a hemisphere i.e. when the
height becomes equal to half the base diameter.
3.4
Flow temperature
(abbreviation: FT): The temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the
height of which is half of the height of the test piece at the hemisphere temperature.
NOTE Half of the height of the test piece has been defined due to frequently occurring bubbling effects. This is especially
important for automatic image evaluation. Be aware that this definition is different to other standards.

4  Principle
A test piece made from a prepared ash is heated up with constant rate and continuously observed. The
temperatures at which characteristic changes of the shape occur are recorded. The characteristic
temperatures are defined in Clause 3 (see also Figure 1).
5 Reagents
5.1 Demineralised water.
5.2 Dextrin, 100 g/l solution.
Dissolve 10 g of dextrin in 100 ml of water.
5.3 Ethanol, with a purity ≥ 95 %.
5.4 Gold wire, of diameter 0,5 mm or larger, or
gold plate, of thickness 0,5 mm to 1,0 mm with a purity of 99,99 % or a certified melting point (e.g.
1064 °C).
5.5 Nickel wire, of diameter 0,5 mm or larger, or
nickel plate, of thickness 0,5 mm to 1,0 mm, with a puri
...