EN 14406:2004

Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of the expansion ratio and expansion evolution

This document describes a test method to determine the expansion ratio and rate of injection products intended for ductile filling of wet cracks, voids and interstices.

Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prüfverfahren - Bestimmung des Ausdehnungsverhältnisses und der Ausdehnungsentwicklung

Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Ausdehnungsverhältnisses und der Ausdehnungsentwicklung von Rissfüllstoffen zum dehnbaren Verfüllen von Rissen, Hohlräumen und Fehl-stellen.

Produits et systèmes de protection et de réparation des structures en béton - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination du rapport d'expansion et de l'évolution de l'expansion

Le présent document décrit une méthode d'essai pour déterminer le rapport et la vitesse d'expansion des produits d'injection destinés au remplissage ductile des fissures humides, des vides et des interstices.

Proizvodi in sistemi za zaščito in popravilo betonskih konstrukcij – Preskusne metode – Določevanje stopnje in razvoja nabrekanja in hitrosti nabrekanja injekcijske mase

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Sep-2004
• ICS: 91.080.40 - Concrete structures
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 104 - Concrete ( performance, production, placing and compliance criteria )
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 104/SC 8/WG 4 - Injection products
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 13-Nov-2020
• Completion Date: 23-Sep-2025
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14406:2004 - Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of the expansion ratio and expansion evolution

Overview

EN 14406:2004 is a European Standard developed by CEN for testing products and systems used in the protection and repair of concrete structures. Specifically, it provides a test method to determine the expansion ratio and expansion evolution of injection products that are designed for ductile filling of wet cracks, voids, and interstices within concrete. This standard is essential for manufacturers, laboratories, and engineers involved in concrete repair to evaluate the volumetric expansion behavior of injection materials under controlled conditions.

Key Topics

• Scope and Purpose
  The standard outlines a procedure to measure how injection products expand after mixing with water, focusing on the expansion ratio (final volume increase) and the expansion evolution (expansion over time). This assists in understanding product performance during application, ensuring reliable filling of cracks and voids.

• Test Principle
  Injection products are mixed with 5% water by weight under standard laboratory conditions (21 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 10% relative humidity). The expansion is measured unrestrained, typically in one direction, by observing the change in height within a calibrated acrylic tube.

• Apparatus and Procedure
  The test requires precision tools such as a clear acrylic pipe for expansion measurement, weighing devices accurate to 0.01 g, mixing equipment, and calibrated pipettes for water addition. After mixing, the material is poured into the tube and stirred at approximately 400 rpm for 10 seconds. Heights of the material-initial, intermediate, maximum, and final-are measured to track expansion over time.

• Measurement and Reporting
  The final expansion ratio (Ef) is calculated as the ratio of final height to initial height. Expansion over time (Et) is plotted to observe the expansion rate. Additional observations include induction time (time before expansion begins), maximum expansion time, and visual behavior such as homogeneity, bubble formation, or collapse. Test results are compiled into a detailed report including test conditions, product batch information, and observed characteristics.

Applications

• Concrete Repair and Protection
  Injection products tested under EN 14406:2004 are used to fill wet cracks, voids, and interstices, ensuring structural integrity and durability of concrete elements. The expansion characteristics are critical for achieving proper adhesion and filling without voids or shrinkage.

• Quality Control in Manufacturing
  Manufacturers apply this standard during product development and quality assurance to maintain consistent expansion properties within specified limits, optimizing product performance in real-world applications.

• Material Evaluation by Testing Laboratories
  Independent and in-house labs rely on EN 14406:2004 to evaluate injection materials before approval or certification, providing objective data for compliance with European concrete repair requirements.

Related Standards

• EN 1504-1:1998 – Defines terms, requirements, and quality control for products and systems aimed at concrete structure protection and repair, providing foundational definitions referenced in EN 14406:2004.

• prEN 1504-5:2001 – Focuses on injection products specifically for concrete repair, closely related to the content and application scope of this standard.

Summary

EN 14406:2004 offers a precise and standardized method to assess the volumetric expansion behavior of injection products used in concrete repair. Through detailed procedural guidance and measurement criteria, it ensures the selection and usage of materials that perform reliably in filling and sealing cracks and voids. By adhering to this standard, stakeholders can enhance the durability of repairs and uphold safety standards in concrete infrastructure maintenance projects.

Keywords: EN 14406:2004, concrete repair standards, injection products expansion, expansion ratio test, ductile filling materials, concrete protection systems, CEN concrete repair, test method for concrete injection, expansion evolution, injection product quality control.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.EUHNDQMDProdukte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prüfverfahren - Bestimmung des Ausdehnungsverhältnisses und der AusdehnungsentwicklungProduits et systemes de protection et de réparation des structures en béton - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination du rapport d'expansion et de l'évolution de l'expansionProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of the expansion ratio and expansion evolution91.080.40Betonske konstrukcijeConcrete structuresICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14406:2004SIST EN 14406:2004en01-december-2004SIST EN 14406:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14406September 2004ICS 91.080.40 English versionProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concretestructures - Test methods - Determination of the expansion ratioand expansion evolutionProduits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation desstructures en béton - Méthodes d'essai - Détermination durapport d'expansion et de l'évolution de l'expansionProdukte und Systeme für den Schutz und dieInstandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Prüfverfahren -Bestimmung des Ausdehnungsverhältnisses und derAusdehnungsentwicklungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2004.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2004 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14406:2004: ESIST EN 14406:2004

2 Contents page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms and definitions.4 4 Test principle.4 5 Apparatus.5 6 Sampling and preparation.5 7 Procedure.5 8 Expression of results.6 9 Report.7
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14406:2004

4 1 Scope This document describes a test method to determine the expansion ratio and rate of injection products intended for ductile filling of wet cracks, voids and interstices. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1504-1:1998, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions,requirements, quality control
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