EN ISO 16321-2:2021
(Main)Eye and face protection for occupational use - Part 2: Additional requirements for protectors used during welding and related techniques (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Eye and face protection for occupational use - Part 2: Additional requirements for protectors used during welding and related techniques (ISO 16321-2:2021)
This document specifies additional material, design, performance and marking requirements for eye and face protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes and faces of persons against occupational hazards, such as optical radiation, impacts from flying particles and fragments, and hot solids during welding and related techniques. The other applicable requirements for welding protectors are given in ISO 16321‑1.
This document also applies to welding protectors used in educational establishments.
This document also applies to those eye and face protectors used for occupational-type tasks that are performed similarly to an occupation, e.g. "do-it-yourself".
Augen- und Gesichtsschutz für berufliche Anwendungen - Teil 2: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an Schutzgeräte, die während des Schweißens und verwandten Verfahren verwendet werden (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Dieses Dokument legt zusätzliche Anforderungen an die Werkstoffe, das Design, die Leistung und die Kennzeichnung von Augen- und Gesichtsschutzgeräten fest, die so ausgelegt sind, dass sie Augen und Gesicht von Personen vor beruflichen Gefährdungen schützen, die beim Schweißen und verwandten Verfahren auftreten, wie z. B. optische Strahlung, herumfliegende Partikel und Bruchstücke und heiße Festkörper. Die anderen geltenden Anforderungen an Schweißerschutzgeräte sind in ISO 16321-1 enthalten.
Dieses Dokument gilt auch für Schweißerschutzgeräte, die in Bildungseinrichtungen angewendet werden.
Dieses Dokument gilt auch für diejenigen Augen- und Gesichtsschutzgeräte, die bei der Ausübung von Aufgaben des beruflichen Typs, z. B. Heimwerken, angewendet werden, die ähnlich einem Beruf ausgeführt werden.
Protection des yeux et du visage à usage professionnel - Partie 2: Exigences complémentaires relatives aux protecteurs utilisés pour le soudage et les techniques connexes (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Le présent document spécifie les exigences complémentaires applicables au matériau, à la conception, aux performances et au marquage des protecteurs des yeux et du visage destinés à assurer une protection des yeux et du visage des personnes contre les risques professionnels, tels que le rayonnement optique, les impacts de particules et fragments projetés, et les solides chauds, survenant au cours des opérations de soudage et autres techniques connexes. Les autres exigences applicables pour les protecteurs de soudage sont données dans l'ISO 16321-1.
Le présent document s'applique également aux protecteurs de soudage utilisés dans les établissements de formation.
Le présent document s'applique également aux protecteurs des yeux et du visage utilisés pour des tâches de type professionnel, qui sont exécutées de la même manière que dans un cadre professionnel, par exemple le bricolage.
Zaščita za oči in obraz za poklicno uporabo - 2. del: Dodatne zahteve za ščitnike, ki se uporabljajo pri varjenju in sorodnih tehnikah (ISO 16321-2:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2021
Zaščita za oči in obraz za poklicno uporabo - 2. del: Dodatne zahteve za ščitnike, ki
se uporabljajo pri varjenju in sorodnih tehnikah (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Eye and face protection for occupational use - Part 2: Additional requirements for
protectors used during welding and related techniques (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Augen- und Gesichtsschutz für berufliche Anwendungen - Teil 2: Zusätzliche
Anforderungen an Schutzgeräte, die während des Schweißens und verwandten
Verfahren verwendet werden (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Protection des yeux et du visage à usage professionnel - Partie 2: Exigences
complémentaires relatives aux protecteurs utilisés pour le soudage et les techniques
connexes (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16321-2:2021
ICS:
13.340.20 Varovalna oprema za glavo Head protective equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 16321-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.340.20
English Version
Eye and face protection for occupational use - Part 2:
Additional requirements for protectors used during
welding and related techniques (ISO 16321-2:2021)
Protection des yeux et du visage à usage professionnel Augen- und Gesichtsschutz für berufliche
- Partie 2: Exigences complémentaires relatives aux Anwendungen - Teil 2: Zusätzliche Anforderungen an
protecteurs utilisés pour le soudage et les techniques Schutzgeräte, die während des Schweißens und
connexes (ISO 16321-2:2021) verwandten Verfahren verwendet werden (ISO 16321-
2:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 November 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16321-2:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation 2016/425 aimed to be covered . 5
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 16321-2:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 94
"Personal safety - Personal protective equipment" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC
85 “Eye protective equipment” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by September 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation 2016/425.
For the relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral
part of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN websites.
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. However, for any use of this document ‘within the
meaning of Annex ZA’, the user should always check that any referenced document has not been
superseded and that its relevant contents can still be considered the generally acknowledged state-of-
art.
When an IEC or ISO standard is referred to in the ISO standard text, this shall be understood as a
normative reference to the corresponding EN standard, if available, and otherwise to the dated version
of the ISO or IEC standard, as listed below.
NOTE The way in which these referenced documents are cited in normative requirements
determines the extent (in whole or in part) to which they apply.
Undated normative Clause(s) of the ISO Equivalent dated standard
references in the ISO standard
EN ISO or IEC
standard
ISO 4007 Clause 2 & 3 EN ISO 4007:2018 ISO 4007:2018
ISO 11664-1 Clause 2 & 4.3.1.1 EN ISO 11664-1:2011 ISO 11664-1:2007
ISO 11664-2 Clause 2 & 4.3.1.1 EN ISO 11664-2:2011 ISO 11664-2:2007
ISO 16321-1 Clause 1, 2, & 4.1 EN ISO 16321-1:2020 ISO 16321-1:2020
ISO 18526-1 Clause 2 EN ISO 18526-1:2020 ISO 18526-1:2020
ISO 18526-2 Clause 2 EN ISO 18526-2:2020 ISO 18526-22020
ISO 18526-3 Clause 2 EN ISO 18526-3 :2020 ISO 18526-3:2020
ISO 18526-4 Clause 2, 6.3 & 7 EN ISO 18526-4 :2020 EN ISO 18526-4 :2020
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16321-2:2021 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16321-2:2021 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation 2016/425 aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request [Full
reference to the request “M/571”/”C(2015) xxxx final”] to provide one voluntary means of conforming
to requirements of Regulation 2016/425.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Regulation
2016/425 compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within
the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding [essential]
requirements of that Regulation 2016/425 and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and
Annex II of Regulation 2016/425
Essential Requirements Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
of Regulation 2016/425 of this EN
Most Essential Requirements of
Regulation 2016/425 are wholly or
partially covered by reference to
EN ISO 16321-1:2020 as described in
Clause 4.1 of this standard.
1.1.1 Ergonomics 4.1; 4.2; 4.3 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1:2020
1.1.2 Level and classes of 4; 5 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
protection
1.2.1 Absence of risks and other 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
'inherent' nuisance factors
1.2.1.1 Suitable constituent 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
materials
1.2.1.2 Satisfactory surface 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
condition of all PPE parts in
contact with the user
1.2.1.3 Maximum permissible 4.3; 4.4 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
user impediment
1.3.1 Adaptation of PPE to user 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
morphology
1.3.2 Lightness and design 5.2 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
strength
1.4 Manufacturer's instructions 7
and information
2.1 PPE incorporating 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
adjustment
Essential Requirements Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) Remarks/Notes
of Regulation 2016/425 of this EN
systems
2.3 PPE for the face, eyes and 4.2; 4.3.2; 4.4.3; 4.4.4; 4.4.5; By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
respiratory system 5.2.2
2.9 PPE incorporating 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
components which can be
adjusted or removed by the use
2.12 PPE bearing one or more 6
identification markings or
indicators directly or indirectly
relating to health and safety
3.1.1 Impact caused by falling or 4.1 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
ejected objects and collision of
parts of the body with obstacle
3.6.1 PPE constituent materials 4.3.1; 5.2.5 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
and other components
3.6.2 Complete PPE ready for use 4.3.1; 5.2.5; 7 By reference to EN ISO 16321-1: 2020
3.9.1 Non-ionising radiation 4.3.1; 4.4; 5.1
WARNING 1 — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of
this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16321-2
First edition
2021-03
Eye and face protection for
occupational use —
Part 2:
Additional requirements for
protectors used during welding and
related techniques
Protection des yeux et du visage à usage professionnel —
Partie 2: Exigences complémentaires relatives aux protecteurs utilisés
pour le soudage et les techniques connexes
Reference number
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 1
4.1 General . 1
4.2 Field of view . 2
4.3 Requirements for welding filters . 2
4.3.1 Transmittance requirements and scale numbers. 2
4.3.2 Narrow angle scatter (reduced luminance coefficient) . . 4
4.3.3 Minimum robustness for unmounted welding filters (Static Load Test) . 4
4.3.4 Resistance to UV radiation . 5
4.4 Automatic welding filters . 5
4.4.1 General. 5
4.4.2 Transmittance requirements . 6
4.4.3 Luminous transmittance variation over time for automatic welding filters . 7
4.4.4 Variation in luminous transmittance for automatic welding filters . 7
4.4.5 Switching time and holding time of automatic welding filters . 8
4.4.6 Manual control of dark shade number . 9
4.4.7 Resistance to thermal exposure of automatic welding filters . 9
4.4.8 Optical sensitivity of welding arc detection by automatic welding filters
(Optional requirement) .10
4.4.9 Resistance to surface damage due to fine flying particles (Optional
requirement) .10
5 Requirements for welding helmets, welding hand shields, welding frames and
welding mountings .10
5.1 Optical requirements .10
5.1.1 Non-filter area transmittance .10
5.1.2 Luminous reflectance of welding helmets and welding hand shields .10
5.2 Physical and mechanical requirements .11
5.2.1 Area to be protected for welding helmets .11
5.2.2 Light tightness of welding protectors .11
5.2.3 Drop robustness for welding protectors .11
5.2.4 Electrical insulation of welding helmets and welding hand shields .11
5.2.5 Resistance to penetration by hot solids of welding helmets and welding
hand shields .11
5.2.6 Dimensions and mass of welding hand shields .11
6 Marking of welding protectors .12
6.1 General .12
6.2 Mandatory markings on welding filters .12
6.3 Mandatory markings on welding protectors except for welding filters .12
6.4 Optional markings on welding filters .13
6.5 Optional markings on welding protectors except for welding filters .13
6.6 Examples of markings .13
7 Information to be supplied by the manufacturer .14
Bibliography .15
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to
conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:
www .iso .org/ iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 94, Personal safety — Personal protective equipment,
Subcommittee SC 6, Eye and face protection, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 85, Eye protective equipment, in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 16321-2 cancels and replaces ISO 4850:1979.
A list of all parts in the ISO 16321 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
Introduction
The family of documents comprised of the ISO 16321 series, the ISO 18526 series and the ISO 18527
series was developed in response to the worldwide stakeholders' demand for minimum requirements
and test methods for eye and face protectors traded internationally. ISO 4007 gives the terms and
definitions for all the various product types. The test methods are given in the ISO 18526 series, while
the requirements for occupational eye and face protectors are given in the ISO 16321 series. Eye
protectors for specific sports are mostly dealt with by the ISO 18527 series. A guidance document,
ISO 19734, for the selection, use and maintenance of eye and face protectors is under preparation.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
Eye and face protection for occupational use —
Part 2:
Additional requirements for protectors used during
welding and related techniques
1 Scope
This document specifies additional material, design, performance and marking requirements for eye
and face protectors designed to provide protection for the eyes and faces of persons against occupational
hazards, such as optical radiation, impacts from flying particles and fragments, and hot solids during
welding and related techniques. The other applicable requirements for welding protectors are given in
ISO 16321-1.
This document also applies to welding protectors used in educational establishments.
This document also applies to those eye and face protectors used for occupational-type tasks that are
performed similarly to an occupation, e.g. "do-it-yourself".
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4007, Personal protective equipment — Eye and face protection — Vocabulary
ISO 16321-1:2021, Eye and face protection for occupational use — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 18526-2:2020, Eye and face protection — Test methods — Part 2: Physical optical properties
ISO 18526-3:2020, Eye and face protection — Test methods — Part 3: Physical and mechanical properties
ISO 18526-4, Eye and face protection — Test methods — Part 4: Headforms
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4007 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Requirements
4.1 General
Only those requirements that are different from or supplement the ISO 16321-1 specifications are given
in this document.
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
The following requirements from ISO 16321-1:2021 shall be met:
— 4.2 to 4.6: General requirements for protectors;
— 5.2: Refractive power and prismatic deviation;
— 6.1: Detection of signal lights, optional;
— 6.4: Uniformity of luminous transmittance (not for automatic welding filters);
— 7.2: Headbands and harnesses;
— 7.3: Quality of material and surface of lenses, visors and filters;
— 7.4: Basic Impact Level (for welding helmets, hand shields, frames or mountings);
— 7.7: Resistance to corrosion, where applicable;
— 7.8: Resistance to ignition;
— 7.9: Penetration of vents and gaps, where applicable;
— 7.10: High-speed impact resistance, Impact Level C, D, E, optional;
— 7.11: High mass impact, Impact Level HM, optional.
The additional requirements given in this document shall be met.
1)
Welding protectors described in this document are intended for use at temperatures from −5 °C to
+55 °C. Physical and mechanical requirements are generally specified at normal ambient temperatures
(23 ± 5) °C.
In order to ensure that critical aspects of protection are not compromised due to temperatures towards
the extremes of the normal range of occupational environments from (−5 ± 2) °C to (+55 ± 2) °C, optical,
physical and mechanical requirements at the extremes of temperature are included (sometimes
optionally) in this document. These requirements can also be provided by manufacturers for validation
of claims for protection at temperatures below (−5 ± 2) °C and/or above (+55 ± 2) °C.
4.2 Field of view
Welding protectors, in the as-worn position, shall have a minimum unobstructed field of view in front
of each eye of 8° temporally and 15° nasally in the horizontal meridian, and 24° total in the vertical
meridian, when measured at the corneal apex of the headform according to ISO 18526-3:2020, 6.2.
The field of view of peripheral awareness welding filters shall begin no less than 45° temporally
from the straight ahead position of gaze. This requirement shall be measured in accordance with
ISO 18526-3:2020, 6.2, by using the appropriate headform.
4.3 Requirements for welding filters
4.3.1 Transmittance requirements and scale numbers
4.3.1.1 General
Welding filters are intended to protect against radiation generated by various welding processes, which
emit a significant amount of radiation in the UV, visible and IR spectral range. Requirements therefore
1) For the purposes of this document, “welding protector” is used as a synonym for welding helmets, welding
hand shields, welding goggles, welding spectacles and the associated frames and mountings including welding
filters.
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO 16321-2:2021(E)
exist in the UV and IR and for glare in the visible spectral range that are taken into account by requiring
specific scale numbers.
Welding filters shall be tested in accordance with ISO 18526-2:2020, Clauses 6, 7.1, 7.3, Clauses 8 and 10,
and classified according to Table 1.
For the determination of luminous transmittance of welding filters, the luminous transmittance
values are based on the spectral distribution for CIE standard illuminant A (see ISO 11664-2) and the
CIE (1931) standard observer (2°) (see ISO/CIE 11664-1).
4.3.1.2 Transmittance requirements and scale numbers
The scale numbers of welding filters are defined based on the value of the luminous transmittance in
Table 1.
The spectral transmittance requirements are given in Table 1 and the blue-light transmittance, τ , shall
B
be less than the luminous transmittance, τ .
v,A
Table 1 — Transmittance requirements for welding filters
Scale Spectral transmittance Luminous IR-A Near IR
number τ(λ) transmittance transmittance transmittance
τ τ τ
v,A IRA NIR
200 nm 313 nm 365 nm 380 nm ≤ λ ≤ 780 nm 780 nm 780 nm
≤ λ ≤ < λ ≤ < λ ≤ ≤ λ ≤ ≤ λ ≤
%
313 nm 365 nm 400 nm 1 400 nm 3 000 nm
Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum
% % % % %
W1,2 0,000 3 50 100 > τ ≥ 74,4 30 30
v,A
W1,4 0,000 3 35 74,4 > τ ≥ 58,1 25 25
v,A
W1,7 0,000 3 22 58,1 > τ ≥ 43,2 20 20
v,A
W2 0,000 3 14 43,2 > τ ≥ 29,1 15 15
v,A
W2,5 0,000 3 6,4 29,1 > τ ≥ 17,8 12 12
v,A
W3 0,000 3 2,8 17,8 > τ ≥ 8,5 9 9
v,A
W4 0,000 3 0,95 8,5 > τ ≥ 3,2 5 5
v,A
W5 0,000 3 0,30 τ 3,2 > τ ≥ 1,2 3,5 3,5
v,A v,A
W6 0,000 3 0,10 1,2 > τ ≥ 0,44 1,5 1,5
v,A
W7 0,000 3 0,050 0,44 > τ ≥ 0,16 1 1
v,A
W8 0,000 3 0,025 0,16 > τ ≥ 0,061 1 1
v,A
W9 0,000 3 0,012 0,061 > τ ≥ 0,023 1 1
v,A
W10 0,000 3 0,006 0,023 > τ ≥ 0,008 5 1 1
v,A
W11 0,000 3 0,003 2 0,008 5 > τ ≥ 0,003 2 1 1
v,A
W12 0,000 3 0,001 2 0,003 2 > τ ≥ 0,001 2 1 1
v,A
W13 0,000 3 0,000 44 0,001 2 > τ ≥ 0,000 44 1 1
v,A
W14 0,000 16 0,000 16 0,000 44 > τ ≥ 0,000 16 1 1
v,A
W15 0,000 061 0,000 061 0,000 16 > τ 1 1
v,A
≥ 0,
...
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