EN ISO 20685:2005
(Main)3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases (ISO 20685:2005)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases (ISO 20685:2005)
It is anticipated that the International standard will generate requirements covering four important aspects of 3-dimensional scanning technology as it pertains to human body measurement. These aspects are: the precision and reliability of the hardware system, body landmarks and body positioning for human subjects, repeatability of extracted measurements and relative landmark positions and the accuracy of extracted body measuremnets relative to traditional methods.
3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken (ISO 20685:2005)
iese Internationale Norm legt Verfahren für die Anwendung von 3D Oberflächenscansystemen für die Gewinnung von Daten zur Form des menschlichen Körpers und für in ISO 7250 festgelegte Messungen fest, die aus 3D Scanns gewonnen werden können.
Obwohl die Internationale Norm überwiegend auf Ganzkörperscanner bezogen ist, ist sie auch auf Körperteilscanner (Kopfscanner, Handscanner, Fußscanner) anwendbar.
Sie ist nicht auf Geräte anwendbar, die den Ort und/oder die Bewegung einzelner Markierungen messen.
3D Scanner werden eingesetzt, um anthropometrische 1D Datenbanken zu erstellen, und anthropometrischen 1D Daten zu verwenden, die mit 3D Scannern gewonnen wurden. Obwohl dies nicht notwendigerweise die Personen sind, die die Systeme konstruieren und herstellen, werden Konstrukteure und Hersteller von Scannern diese nützlich finden, um die Bedürfnisse ihrer Kunden zu erfüllen, die anthropometrische 1D Datenbanken erstellen und anwenden.
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données anthropométriques compatibles au plan international (ISO 20685:2005)
Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze antropometrijskih podatkov (ISO 20685:2005)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
Postopki 3D-skeniranja za mednarodno združljive baze antropometrijskih
podatkov (ISO 20685:2005)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible anthropometric databases
(ISO 20685:2005)
3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible anthropometrische Datenbanken (ISO
20685:2005)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de données
anthropométriques compatibles au plan international (ISO 20685:2005)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 20685:2005
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 20685
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2005
ICS 13.180
English Version
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases (ISO 20685:2005)
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les 3D-Scanverfahren für international kompatible
bases de données anthropométriques compatibles au plan anthropometrische Datenbanken (ISO 20685:2005)
international (ISO 20685:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 20685:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 20685:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2006, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2006.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 20685:2005 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 20685:2005 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20685
First edition
2005-11-01
3-D scanning methodologies for
internationally compatible
anthropometric databases
Méthodologies d'exploration tridimensionnelles pour les bases de
données anthropométriques compatibles au plan international
Reference number
ISO 20685:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
ISO 20685:2005(E)
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ii © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 20685:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Accuracy of extracted measurements. 5
5 Research designs for establishing accuracy of body dimensions extracted from scanners . 8
6 Method for estimating the number of subjects needed. 9
Annex A (informative) Methods for reducing error in 3-D scanning . 11
Bibliography . 20
ISO 20685:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 20685 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, Subcommittee SC 3,
Anthropometry and biomechanics.
iv © ISO 2005 – All rights reserved
ISO 20685:2005(E)
Introduction
Anthropometric measures are key to many International Standards. These measures can be gathered using a
variety of instruments. An instrument with relatively new application to anthropometry is a three-dimensional
(3-D) scanner. 3-D scanners generate a 3-D point cloud of the outside of the human body that can be used for
clothing and automotive design, engineering and medical applications. There are currently no standardized
methods for using 3-D point clouds in the design process. As a result, many users extract one-dimensional
(1-D) data from 3-D point clouds. This standard concerns the application of 3-D scanners to the collection of
one-dimensional anthropometric data for use in design.
There are a number of different fundamental technologies that underlie commercially available systems.
These include stereophotogrammetry, ultrasound and light (laser light, white light and infrared), among others.
Further, the software that is available to process data from the scan varies in its methods. Additionally,
software to extract dimensions similar to traditional dimensions varies markedly in features and capabilities.
As a result of differences in fundamental technology, hardware and software, extracted measurements from
several different systems can be markedly different for the same individual. Since 3-D scanning can be used
to gather measurements, such as lengths and circumferences, it was important to develop an International
Standard that allows users of such systems to judge whether the 3-D system is adequate for these needs.
The intent of ISO 20685 is to ensure comparability of body measurements as specified by ISO 7250 but
measured with the aid of 3-D body scanners rather than with traditional anthropometric instruments such as
tape measures and callipers. It is further intended that by conformance with this International Standard any
data extracted from scans will be suitable for inclusion in international databases such as those described in
ISO 15535.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20685:2005(E)
3-D scanning methodologies for internationally compatible
anthropometric databases
1 Scope
This International Standard addresses protocols for the use of 3-D surface-scanning systems in the
acquisition of human body shape data and measurements defined in ISO 7250 that can be extracted from 3-D
scans. It does not apply to instruments that measure the location and/or motion of individual landmarks.
While mainly concerned with whole-body scanners, it is also applicable to body-segment scanners (head
scanners, hand scanners, foot scanners).
The intended audience is those who use 3-D scanners to create 1-D anthropometric databases and the users
of 1-D anthropometric data from 3-D scanners. Although not necessarily aimed at the designers and
manufacturers of those systems, scanner designers and manufacturers will find it useful in meeting the needs
of clients who build and use 1-D anthropometric databases.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7250:1996, Basic human body measurements for technological design
ISO 15535: 2003, General requirements for establishing anthropometric databases
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE In the case of definitions of terms for skeletal landmarks, when there is a separate term for the skin overlying
the landmark and another for the landmark itself, the skin landmark term is used. Where there is no separate term, the
skeletal term is used and assumed to refer to the skin overlying the landmark.
3.1
three-dimensional
3-D
pertaining to the use of three orthogonal scales on which the three coordinates, x, y and z, can be measured to
give the precise position of any relevant anatomical point in the considered space
NOTE Many anthropometric distances can be calculated from the coordinates of anatomical landmarks. Some
additional points may be necessary to obtain circumferences.
3.2
3-D body scanner
hardware and software system that creates digital data representing a human form, or parts thereof, in three
dimensions
ISO 20685:2005(E)
3.3
3-D processing software
operating system, user interface, programs, algorithms and instructions associated with a 3-D scanning
system
3.4
3-D scanner hardware
physical components of a 3-D scanner and any associated computer(s)
3.5
accuracy
extent to which the measured value approximates a true value
NOTE Since it is difficult to trace the accuracy of complex hardware and software systems to recognized ISO sources,
for the purposes of this International Standard true value is taken to mean the measured value obtained by a skilled
anthropometrist using traditional instruments such as tape and calliper.
3.6
acromion
most lateral point of the lateral edge of the spine (acromial process) of the scapula
[ISO 7250:1996, 2.2.1]
3.7
anatomical landmark
clearly defined point on the body that can be used for defining anthropometric measurements
3.8
anterior superior iliac spine
most downward-directed point of the iliac crest
NOTE Adapted from ISO 7250:1996, 4.1.6.
3.9
anthropometric database
collection of individual body measurements (anthropometric data) and background information (demographic
data) recorded on a group of people (the sample)
[ISO 15535:2003, 3.8]
3.10
cervicale
s
...
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