EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023

Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)

This document establishes terminology for AI and describes concepts in the field of AI. This document can be used in the development of other standards and in support of communications among diverse, interested parties or stakeholders. This document is applicable to all types of organizations (e.g. commercial enterprises, government agencies, not-for-profit organizations).

Informationstechnik - Künstliche Intelligenz - Konzepte und Terminologie der Künstlichen Intelligenz (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)

Technologies de l'information - Intelligence artificielle - Concepts et terminologie relatifs à l'intelligence artificielle (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)

Le présent document établit la terminologie relative à l'IA et décrit les concepts dans le domaine de l'IA. Le présent document peut être utilisé dans le cadre de l'élaboration d'autres normes et à l'appui de communications entre parties intéressées ou parties prenantes diverses. Le présent document est applicable à tous les types d'organismes (par exemple: les entreprises commerciales, les organismes publics, les organismes à but non lucratif).

Informacijska tehnologija - Umetna inteligenca - Koncepti in terminologija umetne inteligence (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)

Ta dokument določa terminologijo za umetno inteligenco in opisuje koncepte na področju umetne inteligence.
Ta dokument se lahko uporablja pri pripravi drugih standardov in v podporo komunikaciji med različnimi zainteresiranimi stranmi ali deležniki.
Ta dokument se uporablja za vse vrste organizacij (npr. komercialna podjetja, vladne agencije, nepridobitne organizacije).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Jun-2023
• ICS: 01.040.35 - Information technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 35.020 - Information technology (IT) in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/JTC 21 - Artificial Intelligence
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/JTC 21 - Artificial Intelligence
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 28-Jun-2023
• Due Date: 08-Mar-2025
• Completion Date: 28-Jun-2023
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023 - Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Artificial intelligence concepts and terminology (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Informacijska tehnologija - Umetna inteligenca - Koncepti in terminologija umetne
inteligence (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)
Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Artificial intelligence concepts and
terminology (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)
Informationstechnik - Künstliche Intelligenz - Konzepte und Terminologie der Künstlichen
Intelligenz (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)
Technologies de l'information - Intelligence artificielle - Concepts et terminologie relatifs à
l'intelligence artificielle (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023
ICS:
01.040.35 Informacijska tehnologija. Information technology
(Slovarji) (Vocabularies)
35.020 Informacijska tehnika in Information technology (IT) in
tehnologija na splošno general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO/IEC 22989

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2023
ICS 01.040.35; 35.020
English version
Information technology - Artificial intelligence - Artificial
intelligence concepts and terminology (ISO/IEC
22989:2022)
Technologies de l'information - Intelligence artificielle Informationstechnik - Künstliche Intelligenz -
- Concepts et terminologie relatifs à l'intelligence Konzepte und Terminologie der Künstlichen
artificielle (ISO/IEC 22989:2022) Intelligenz (ISO/IEC 22989:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 June 2023.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to
any CEN and CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means
Ref. No. EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for
CENELEC Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
The text of ISO/IEC 22989:2022 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 "Information
technology” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN-CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN and CENELEC websites.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/IEC 22989:2022 has been approved by CEN-CENELEC as EN ISO/IEC 22989:2023
without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 22989
First edition
2022-07
Information technology — Artificial
intelligence — Artificial intelligence
concepts and terminology
Technologies de l'information — Intelligence artificielle — Concepts
et terminologie relatifs à l'intelligence artificielle
Reference number
ISO/IEC 22989:2022(E)
© ISO/IEC 2022
ISO/IEC 22989:2022(E)
© ISO/IEC 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO/IEC 2022 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEC 22989:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to AI . 1
3.2 Terms related to data. 6
3.3 Terms related to machine learning . 8
3.4 Terms related to neural networks . 10
3.5 Terms related to trustworthiness . 11
3.6 Terms related to natural language processing . 13
3.7 Terms related to computer vision . 16
4 Abbreviated terms .16
5 AI concepts .17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 From strong and weak AI to general and narrow AI . 17
5.3 Agent . 17
5.4 Knowledge . 18
5.5 Cognition and cognitive computing . 19
5.6 Semantic computing . 19
5.7 Soft computing . 19
5.8 Genetic algorithms . 19
5.9 Symbolic and subsymbolic approaches for AI . 19
5.10 Data . 20
5.11 Machine learning concepts . 21
5.11.1 Supervised machine learning . 21
5.11.2 Unsupervised machine learning . 21
5.11.3 Semi-supervised machine learning . 22
5.11.4 Reinforcement learning .22
5.11.5 Transfer learning . 22
5.11.6 Training data . .22
5.11.7 Trained model .22
5.11.8 Validation and test data . 22
5.11.9 Retraining .23
5.12 Examples of machine learning algorithms . 24
5.12.1 Neural networks . 24
5.12.2 Bayesian networks . 25
5.12.3 Decision trees . 25
5.12.4 Support vector machine .25
5.13 Autonomy, heteronomy and automation . 26
5.14 Internet of things and cyber-physical systems . 27
5.14.1 General . 27
5.14.2 Internet of things . 27
5.14.3 Cyber-physical systems .
...