EN IEC 62271-4:2022
(Main)High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
This part of IEC 62271 applies to the procedures for handling of gases and gas mixtures for insulation and/or switching during installation, commissioning, repair, overhaul, normal and abnormal operations and disposal at the end-of-life of high-voltage switchgear and controlgear. These procedures are regarded as minimum requirements to ensure the reliability of electric power equipment, the safety of personal working with these gases and gas mixtures and to minimize the impact on the environment. Additional requirements could be given or specified in the operating instruction manual of the manufacturer. For each gas or gas mixture, which is known to be used in electric power equipment at the date of the publication of this document, a separate annex describes specifications, handling procedures, safety measures, etc. For gases or gas mixtures not covered by these annexes the electric power equipment manufacturer should provide the information needed, following the structure of these annexes. Such gases or gas mixtures should also be described in a next edition or in amendments to this edition. NOTE 1 For the use of this document, high-voltage (HV) is defined as the rated voltage above 1 000 V. However, the term medium-voltage (MV) is commonly used for distribution systems with voltages above 1 kV and generally applied up to and including 52 kV. NOTE 2 Throughout this standard, the term "pressure" stands for "absolute pressure". NOTE 3 Reference is also made to (Cigré Brochure 802, 2020). NOTE 4 For further details on gases, e.g. ecotoxicology, also refer to the chemical database ECHA (www.echa.europa.eu), which takes the actual volume band into consideration. NOTE 5 When reference to circuit-breakers is made, only gas circuit-breakers are of interest. When vacuum circuit breakers are of interest, they are explicitly mentioned.
Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und -Schaltanlagen - Teil 4: Handhabungsverfahren für Gase zur Isolation und/oder Schalten
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 4: Procédures de manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la commutation
L'IEC 62271-4:2022 s'applique aux procédures de manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la commutation lors de l’installation, de la mise en service, de la réparation, de la révision, du fonctionnement normal ou anormal et de l'élimination en fin de cycle de vie de l'appareillage électrique. Ces procédures sont considérées comme des exigences minimales pour garantir la fiabilité de l'appareillage électrique, la sécurité du personnel qui travaille avec ces gaz et pour réduire le plus possible l'impact sur l'environnement. Des exigences supplémentaires peuvent être formulées dans le manuel d'instructions d'exploitation du fabricant. Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition de l'IEC 62271-4 parue en 2013. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
l'intitulé a été modifié;
les procédures de manipulation des alternatives au SF6, utilisés pour l'isolation et/ou la commutation, sont ajoutées;
les principaux articles sont indépendants du type de gaz;
pour chaque gaz, une annexe distincte présente les informations spécifiques au gaz, les procédures de manipulation, les mesures de sécurité, etc.;
les informations relatives au SF6 (ancienne Annexe E) et aux effets sur l'environnement du SF6 et de ses mélanges (ancienne Annexe F) ont été déplacées vers l'IEC 60376;
les informations relatives aux produits de décomposition du SF6 et de ses mélanges (ancienne Annexe G), la procédure d'évaluation des effets potentiels sur la santé des produits de décomposition du SF6 et de ses mélanges (ancienne Annexe H) et la régénération cryogénique du SF6 (ancienne Annexe I) ont été déplacées vers l'IEC 60480.
Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave - 4. del: Ravnanje s plini za izolacijo in/ali električne preklope (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Ta del standarda IEC 62271 se uporablja za postopke ravnanja s plini in njihovimi zmesmi za izolacijo in/ali prekinitev med vgradnjo, zagonom, normalnim in nenormalnim delovanjem ter odstranitvijo po koncu življenjske dobe visokonapetostnih stikalnih in krmilnih naprav.
Ti postopki se obravnavajo kot minimalne zahteve za zagotavljanje zanesljivosti električne opreme, varnosti osebja, ki dela s temi plini in njihovimi zmesmi, ter zmanjšanje vpliva na okolje. V proizvajalčevih navodilih za uporabo so lahko podane ali določene dodatne zahteve.
Za pline in njihove zmesi, za katere je znano, da se uporabljajo v električni opremi na datum objave tega dokumenta, so v ločenem dodatku opisani specifikacije, postopki ravnanja, varnostni ukrepi itd. Za pline in njihove zmesi, ki niso zajeti v teh dodatkih, naj proizvajalec električne opreme zagotovi potrebne informacije v skladu s strukturo dodatkov. Taki plini oziroma njihove zmesi naj se opišejo v naslednji izdaji ali v spremembah te izdaje.
OPOMBA 1: V tem dokumentu je visoka napetost (HV) določena kot nazivna napetost nad 1000 V. Izraz »srednja napetost« (MV) se običajno uporablja v razdelilnih sistemih z napetostmi nad 1 kV do vključno 52 kV.
OPOMBA 2: Izraz »tlak« v tem standardu se navezuje na »absolutni tlak«.
OPOMBA 3: Standard se sklicuje tudi na tehnično brošuro Cigré (802, 2020).
OPOMBA 4: Za več informacij o plinih (npr. ekotoksikologija) glej tudi zbirko podatkov Evropske agencije za kemikalije (ECHA, www.echa.europa.eu), v kateri je upoštevana dejanska količina.
OPOMBA 5: Pri sklicevanju na odklopnike so predmet obravnave zgolj plinski odklopniki. Kadar so predmet obravnave vakuumski odklopniki, so ti izrecno omenjeni.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62271-4:2013
Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave - 4. del: Ravnanje s plini za izolacijo
in/ali električne preklope (IEC 62271-4:2022)
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for
insulation and/or switching (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und -Schaltanlagen - Teil 4: Handhabungsmethoden für
Gase zur Isolation und/oder Unterbrechung (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 4: Utilisation et manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation
et/ou l'interruption (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62271-4:2022
ICS:
29.130.10 Visokonapetostne stikalne in High voltage switchgear and
krmilne naprave controlgear
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62271-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2022
ICS 29.130.10; 29.130.99 Supersedes EN 62271-4:2013
English Version
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling
procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
(IEC 62271-4:2022)
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 4: Procédures de Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und -Schaltanlagen - Teil 4:
manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la commutation Handhabungsmethoden für Gase zur Isolation und/oder
(IEC 62271-4:2022) Unterbrechung
(IEC 62271-4:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-08-26. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62271-4:2022 E
European foreword
The text of document 17/1124/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62271-4, prepared by IEC/TC 17 "High-
voltage switchgear and controlgear" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved
by CENELEC as EN IEC 62271-4:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-05-26
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-08-26
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62271-4:2013 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62271-4:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2020 (not modified)
IEC 62474:2018 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62474:2019 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-212 2010 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 212: Electrical insulating solids, liquids
and gases
+ AMD1 2015
+ AMD2 2015 - -
+ AMD3 2020 - -
IEC 60050-426 2020 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) - Part 426: Explosive atmospheres
IEC 60050-441 1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. - -
Switchgear, controlgear and fuses
+ AMD1 2000 - -
IEC 60335-2-69 2021 Household and similar electrical appliances - -
- Safety - Part 2-69: Particular
requirements for wet and dry vacuum
cleaners, including power brush, for
commercial use
IEC 60376 2018 Specification of technical grade sulphur EN IEC 60376 2018
hexafluoride (SF6) and complementary
gases to be used in its mixtures for use in
electrical equipment
IEC 60480 2019 Specifications for the re-use of sulphur EN IEC 60480 2019
hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixtures in
electrical equipment
IEC 62271-1 2017 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN 62271-1 2017
Part 1: Common specifications for
alternating current switchgear and
controlgear
+ AMD1 2021 + A1 2021
ISO 8573-1 2010 Compressed air - Part 1: Contaminants - -
and purity classes
IEC 62271-4 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
Appareillage à haute tension –
Partie 4: Procédures de manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la
commutation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.130.10; 29.130.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4025-0
– 2 – IEC 62271-4:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 15
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms and definitions . 19
3.1 General terms and definitions . 19
3.2 Terms and definitions for SF . 24
3.3 Terms and definitions for SF mixtures . 24
3.4 Terms and definitions for compressed air . 25
3.5 Terms and definitions for natural-origin gases . 26
3.6 Terms and definitions for C F O (C5-FK) in mixtures with N , CO , O
5 10 2 2 2
(C5‑FK mixtures) . 27
3.7 Terms and definitions for C F N (C4-FN) in mixtures with N , CO , O
4 7 2 2 2
(C4‑FN mixtures) . 28
4 Gas handling during installation, commissioning and after repair or overhaul on
site . 29
4.1 General . 29
4.2 Evacuation, filling and quality checking . 30
4.3 Topping-up of pre-filled gas compartments to the filling pressure/density for
insulation and/or switching . 33
4.4 Filling sealed pressure systems . 35
5 Gas handling during normal service life . 35
5.1 Topping-up of gas to the filling pressure/density for insulation and/or
switching . 35
5.2 Checking the quality of the gas . 37
5.2.1 General . 37
5.2.2 On-site measurement of the quality of gases with portable measurement
equipment. 37
5.2.3 Sampling and shipment of gases for off-site analysis . 38
5.3 Rectifying the composition of a gas mixture . 38
6 Recovery and reclaiming of gases during maintenance, repair, overhaul or
dismantling on-site . 39
6.1 General . 39
6.2 Recovery and reclaiming of non-arced or normally arced gases from any gas
compartment . 39
6.3 Recovery and reclaiming from any gas compartment containing heavily
arced gas . 41
7 End-of-life of electric power equipment . 43
7.1 General . 43
7.2 End-of-life of controlled or closed pressure systems . 44
7.3 End-of-life of sealed pressure systems. 44
7.4 Gas recovery and reclaiming at the end-of-life of sealed pressure systems . 45
7.5 Dismantling of electric power equipment (informative) . 49
Annex A (informative) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) . 50
A.1 Gas properties . 50
A.2 Safety and first aid . 50
A.2.1 General . 50
IEC 62271-4:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
A.2.2 Protection of personnel . 51
A.2.3 Handling of contaminated safety equipment and tools . 53
A.2.4 Pressurised equipment and tools or measuring devices . 53
A.2.5 Personal safety and protective equipment . 53
A.2.6 Facilities and services . 54
A.2.7 Additional safety measures in case of sudden release of SF . 54
A.2.8 First aid equipment and treatment . 54
A.3 Environmental impact. 55
A.4 Training and certification . 55
A.4.1 General . 55
A.4.2 Training . 56
A.4.3 Certification . 57
A.5 Storage and transportation . 57
A.5.1 General .
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 62271-4:2013
Visokonapetostne stikalne in krmilne naprave - 4. del: Ravnanje s plini za izolacijo
in/ali prekinitev (IEC 62271-4:2022)
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for
insulation and/or switching (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und -Schaltanlagen - Teil 4: Handhabungsmethoden für
Gase zur Isolation und/oder Unterbrechung (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 4: Utilisation et manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation
et/ou l'interruption (IEC 62271-4:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62271-4:2022
ICS:
29.130.10 Visokonapetostne stikalne in High voltage switchgear and
krmilne naprave controlgear
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62271-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2022
ICS 29.130.10; 29.130.99 Supersedes EN 62271-4:2013
English Version
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 4: Handling
procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
(IEC 62271-4:2022)
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 4: Procédures de Hochspannungs-Schaltgeräte und -Schaltanlagen - Teil 4:
manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la commutation Handhabungsmethoden für Gase zur Isolation und/oder
(IEC 62271-4:2022) Unterbrechung
(IEC 62271-4:2022)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2022-08-26. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62271-4:2022 E
European foreword
The text of document 17/1124/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 62271-4, prepared by IEC/TC 17 "High-
voltage switchgear and controlgear" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved
by CENELEC as EN IEC 62271-4:2022.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2023-05-26
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2025-08-26
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 62271-4:2013 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62271-4:2022 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2019 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC/IEEE 82079-1:2020 (not modified)
IEC 62474:2018 NOTE Harmonized as EN IEC 62474:2019 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-212 2010 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 212: Electrical insulating solids, liquids
and gases
+ AMD1 2015
+ AMD2 2015 - -
+ AMD3 2020 - -
IEC 60050-426 2020 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) - Part 426: Explosive atmospheres
IEC 60050-441 1984 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. - -
Switchgear, controlgear and fuses
+ AMD1 2000 - -
IEC 60335-2-69 2021 Household and similar electrical appliances - -
- Safety - Part 2-69: Particular
requirements for wet and dry vacuum
cleaners, including power brush, for
commercial use
IEC 60376 2018 Specification of technical grade sulphur EN IEC 60376 2018
hexafluoride (SF6) and complementary
gases to be used in its mixtures for use in
electrical equipment
IEC 60480 2019 Specifications for the re-use of sulphur EN IEC 60480 2019
hexafluoride (SF6) and its mixtures in
electrical equipment
IEC 62271-1 2017 High-voltage switchgear and controlgear - EN 62271-1 2017
Part 1: Common specifications for
alternating current switchgear and
controlgear
+ AMD1 2021 + A1 2021
ISO 8573-1 2010 Compressed air - Part 1: Contaminants - -
and purity classes
IEC 62271-4 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
High-voltage switchgear and controlgear –
Part 4: Handling procedures for gases for insulation and/or switching
Appareillage à haute tension –
Partie 4: Procédures de manipulation des gaz pour l'isolation et/ou la
commutation
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.130.10; 29.130.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4025-0
– 2 – IEC 62271-4:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 15
INTRODUCTION . 17
1 Scope . 18
2 Normative references . 18
3 Terms and definitions . 19
3.1 General terms and definitions . 19
3.2 Terms and definitions for SF . 24
3.3 Terms and definitions for SF mixtures . 24
3.4 Terms and definitions for compressed air . 25
3.5 Terms and definitions for natural-origin gases . 26
3.6 Terms and definitions for C F O (C5-FK) in mixtures with N , CO , O
5 10 2 2 2
(C5‑FK mixtures) . 27
3.7 Terms and definitions for C F N (C4-FN) in mixtures with N , CO , O
4 7 2 2 2
(C4‑FN mixtures) . 28
4 Gas handling during installation, commissioning and after repair or overhaul on
site . 29
4.1 General . 29
4.2 Evacuation, filling and quality checking . 30
4.3 Topping-up of pre-filled gas compartments to the filling pressure/density for
insulation and/or switching . 33
4.4 Filling sealed pressure systems . 35
5 Gas handling during normal service life . 35
5.1 Topping-up of gas to the filling pressure/density for insulation and/or
switching . 35
5.2 Checking the quality of the gas . 37
5.2.1 General . 37
5.2.2 On-site measurement of the quality of gases with portable measurement
equipment. 37
5.2.3 Sampling and shipment of gases for off-site analysis . 38
5.3 Rectifying the composition of a gas mixture . 38
6 Recovery and reclaiming of gases during maintenance, repair, overhaul or
dismantling on-site . 39
6.1 General . 39
6.2 Recovery and reclaiming of non-arced or normally arced gases from any gas
compartment . 39
6.3 Recovery and reclaiming from any gas compartment containing heavily
arced gas . 41
7 End-of-life of electric power equipment . 43
7.1 General . 43
7.2 End-of-life of controlled or closed pressure systems . 44
7.3 End-of-life of sealed pressure systems. 44
7.4 Gas recovery and reclaiming at the end-of-life of sealed pressure systems . 45
7.5 Dismantling of electric power equipment (informative) . 49
Annex A (informative) Sulphur hexafluoride (SF ) . 50
A.1 Gas properties . 50
A.2 Safety and first aid . 50
A.2.1 General . 50
IEC 62271-4:2022 © IEC 2022 – 3 –
A.2.2 Protection of personnel . 51
A.2.3 Handling of contaminated safety equipment and tools . 53
A.2.4 Pressurised equipment and tools or measuring devices . 53
A.2.5 Personal safety and protective equipment . 53
A.2.6 Facilities and services . 54
A.2.7 Additional safety measures in case of sudden release of SF . 54
A.2.8 First aid equipment and treatment . 54
A.3 Environmental impact. 55
A.4 Training and certification . 55
A.4.1 General . 55
A.4.2 Training . 56
A.4.3 Certification . 57
A.5 Storage and transportation . 57
A.5.1 General .
...
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