EN 61014:2003
(Main)Programmes for reliability growth
Programmes for reliability growth
Specifies requirements and gives guidelines for the exposure and removal of weaknesses in hardware and software items for the purpose of reliability growth. Applies when the product specification calls for a reliability growth programme of equipment (electronic, electromechanical and mechanical hardware as well as software) or when it is known that the design is unlikely to meet the requirements without improvement. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below. A subclause on planning reliability growth in the design phase has been added. A subclause on management aspects covering both reliability growth in design and the test phase has been added. A clause on reliability growth in the field has been added.
Programme für das Zuverlässigkeitswachstum
Programmes de croissance de fiabilité
Spécifie des exigences et fournit des directives de détection et l'élimination des fragilités du matériel et du logiciel dans le but d'accroître la fiabilité. S'applique quand la spécification du produit demande un programme de croissance de fiabilité de l'équipement (matériel électronique, électromécanique et mécanique, ainsi que logiciel) ou quand on sait que la conception est peu susceptible de répondre aux exigences sans amélioration préalable. Les changements majeurs par rapport à l'édition précédente sont les suivants: Un paragraphe sur la planification de croissance de fiabilité pendant la phase de conception a été ajouté. Un paragraphe sur l'organisation couvrant à la fois la croissance de fiabilité dans la conception et la phase d'essai a été ajouté. Un article sur la croissance de fiabilité en exploitation a été ajouté.
Programi za rast zanesljivosti (IEC 61014:2003)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61014:2004
STANDARD
september 2004
Programi za rast zanesljivosti (IEC 61014:2003)
Programmes for reliability growth (IEC 61014:2003)
ICS 03.100.40; 21.020 Referenčna številka
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61014
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM September 2003
ICS 03.100.40; 03.120.01; 21.020
English version
Programmes for reliability growth
(IEC 61014:2003)
Programmes de croissance de fiabilité Programme für das
(CEI 61014:2003) Zuverlässigkeitswachstum
(IEC 61014:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2003-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2003 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61014:2003 E
Foreword
The text of document 56/859/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61014, prepared by IEC TC 56,
Dependability, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as
EN 61014 on 2003-09-01.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2004-06-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2006-09-01
Annexes designated "normative" are part of the body of the standard.
In this standard, annex ZA is normative.
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61014:2003 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61703 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61703:2002 (not modified).
ISO 9000 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9000:2000 (not modified).
ISO 9001 NOTE Harmonized as EN ISO 9001:2000 (not modified).
__________
- 3 - EN 61014:2003
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any
of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or
revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including
amendments).
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60300-1 Dependability management EN 60300-1
- 2003
Part 1: Dependability management
systems
1) 2)
IEC 60300-2 - Part 2: Dependability programme EN 60300-2 1996
elements and tasks
1)
IEC 60300-3-1 - Part 3-1: Application guide - Analysis - -
techniques for dependability - Guide on
methodology
IEC 60300-3-5 2001 Part 3-5: Application guide - Reliability - -
test conditions and statistical test
principles
1)
IEC 60605-2 - Equipment reliability testing - - -
Part 2: Design of test cycles
IEC 60605-3 Series Equipment reliability testing - - -
Part 3: Preferred test conditions
1)
IEC 60605-4 - Part 4: Statistical procedures for - -
exponential distribution - Point
estimates, confidence intervals,
prediction intervals and tolerance
intervals
1) 2)
IEC 60812 - Analysis techniques for system HD 485 S1 1987
reliability - Procedure for failure mode
and effects analysis (FMEA)
1) 2)
IEC 61025 - Fault tree analysis (FTA) HD 617 S1 1992
1)
IEC 61160 - Formal design review - -
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
_ 1)
IEC 61164 Reliability growth - Statistical test and - -
estimation methods
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE IEC
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2003-07
Programmes de croissance de fiabilité
Programmes for reliability growth
IEC 2003 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
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Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
X
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale PRICE CODE
International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
61014 IEC:2003 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION .11
1 Scope .13
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 Basic concepts .27
4.1 General .27
4.2 Origins of weaknesses and failures.27
4.2.1 General.27
4.2.2 Systematic weaknesses .29
4.2.3 Residual weaknesses .29
4.3 Basic concepts for reliability growth in product development process;
integrated reliability engineering concept .31
4.4 Basic concepts for reliability growth in the test phase .31
4.5 Planning of the reliability growth and estimation of achieved reliability during
the design phase .35
4.5.1 General.35
4.5.2 Reliability growth in the product development/design phase.35
4.5.3 Reliability growth with the test programmes .37
5 Management aspects.41
5.1 General .41
5.2 Procedures including processes in the design phase .43
5.3 Liaison.43
5.4 Manpower and costs for design phase .47
5.5 Cost benefit .47
6 Planning and execution of reliability growth programmes .49
6.1 Integrated reliability growth concepts and overview .49
6.2 Reliability growth activities in the design phase .51
6.2.1 Activities in concept and product requirements phase .51
6.2.2 Product definition and preliminary design.53
6.2.3 Project design phase .53
6.2.4 Tooling, first production runs (preproduction), production phase .57
6.2.5 Product fielded phase .57
6.3 Reliability growth activities in the validation test phase .57
6.4 Considerations for reliability growth testing.59
6.4.1 General.59
6.4.2 Test planning .59
6.4.3 Special considerations for non-repaired or one-shot (expendable)
items and components .63
6.4.4 Classification of failures.65
6.4.5 Classes of non-relevant failures.65
6.4.6 Classes of relevant failures.67
6.4.7 Categories of relevant failures that occur in test .67
6.4.8 Process of reliability improvement in reliability growth tests .69
61014 IEC:2003 – 5 –
6.4.9 Mathematical modelling of test reliability growth .73
6.4.10 Nature and objectives of modelling .73
6.4.11 Concepts of reliability measures in reliability growth testing as used
in modelling .75
6.4.12 Reporting on reliability growth testing and documentation.81
7 Reliability growth in the field .85
Bibliography.87
Figure 1 – Comparison between growth and repair processes in reliability growth testing .33
Figure 2 – Planned improvement (reduction) of the equivalent failure rate.37
Figure 3 – Planned reliability improvement expressed in terms of probability of survival.37
Figure 4 – Patterns of relevant test or field failures with time .39
Figure 5 – Overall structure of a reliability growth programme.43
Figure 6 – Chart showing liaison links and functions .47
Figure 7 – Integrated reliability engineering process .51
Figure 8 – Process of reliability growth in testing.71
Figure 9 – Characteristic curve showing instantaneous and extrapolated failure intensities .77
Figure 10 – Projected failure intensity estimated by modelling.79
Figure 11 – Examples of growth curves and “jumps” .81
61014 IEC:2003 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PROGRAMMES FOR RELIABILITY GROWTH
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to
technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this
preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also
participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agre
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