03.120.01 - Quality in general
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Quality in general
Qualitat im allgemeinen
Qualite en general
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IEC 60300-3-10:2025 gives guidance to managers and technical and financial personnel on the basic principles of maintainability and maintenance activities that are applicable to any organization.
This document describes:
- the value and nature of maintainability and maintenance characteristics;
- the interfaces between maintainability and related dependability attributes of reliability, availability and supportability, as well as potential trade-offs that can be made through the interfaces during the life cycle of an item;
- the elements of maintainability and maintenance programmes;
- the application of maintainability and maintenance programmes throughout the life cycle;
- techniques to ensure maintainability and maintenance requirements are met;
- maintainability and maintenance data and information management.
This document is applicable to equipment, software, services, or structures, and gives guidance on matters of common interest to any business supplying, purchasing or sustaining products, services, or structures.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- more guidance is included on establishing a maintenance programme;
- some guidance on support and supportability has been removed and has been moved to IEC 60300-3-14.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-10:2025 gives guidance to managers and technical and financial personnel on the basic principles of maintainability and maintenance activities that are applicable to any organization. This document describes: - the value and nature of maintainability and maintenance characteristics; - the interfaces between maintainability and related dependability attributes of reliability, availability and supportability, as well as potential trade-offs that can be made through the interfaces during the life cycle of an item; - the elements of maintainability and maintenance programmes; - the application of maintainability and maintenance programmes throughout the life cycle; - techniques to ensure maintainability and maintenance requirements are met; - maintainability and maintenance data and information management. This document is applicable to equipment, software, services, or structures, and gives guidance on matters of common interest to any business supplying, purchasing or sustaining products, services, or structures. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - more guidance is included on establishing a maintenance programme; - some guidance on support and supportability has been removed and has been moved to IEC 60300-3-14.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62508: 2025 provides guidance on current knowledge and practice concerning dependability in an operational environment, in terms of the humans, teams and organizations involved in conducting the work. It is part of a suite of IEC standards that are intended to address the dependability of both the technical and human elements of equipment and organizations.
This document describes the human elements of a typical operational system, and the importance of those elements to overall dependability. It also describes the means of assessing how well these elements are functioning, and general concepts on how the reliability of humans can be improved. These elements typically include the individual workers, the groups or teams into which they are organized, the interfaces between humans and technical systems, and the overall organization.
The following guidance is applicable to any industry that depends on human-systems interactions involving the technology, software, or systems of work required to support the production and safety objectives of an organization. This document primarily addresses complex technical systems, but some parts are also applicable to the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. Principles for design of the human-machine interface (usability) are described, and further information can be found in the technical literature and in relevant product standards. Although this document does not specifically cover worker health or safety, the application of this document can raise related issues, particularly in process safety, which is closely associated with system reliability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The emphasis on user-centred design in the previous edition was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on human dependability in an existing operational environment.
b) The emphasis on human error and error-rate determination methods was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on means of providing organizational support for the workforce in their execution of required tasks.
c) Where appropriate, discussions of human factors in an operational environment were aligned with current theory, terminology and practice.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62508: 2025 provides guidance on current knowledge and practice concerning dependability in an operational environment, in terms of the humans, teams and organizations involved in conducting the work. It is part of a suite of IEC standards that are intended to address the dependability of both the technical and human elements of equipment and organizations. This document describes the human elements of a typical operational system, and the importance of those elements to overall dependability. It also describes the means of assessing how well these elements are functioning, and general concepts on how the reliability of humans can be improved. These elements typically include the individual workers, the groups or teams into which they are organized, the interfaces between humans and technical systems, and the overall organization. The following guidance is applicable to any industry that depends on human-systems interactions involving the technology, software, or systems of work required to support the production and safety objectives of an organization. This document primarily addresses complex technical systems, but some parts are also applicable to the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. Principles for design of the human-machine interface (usability) are described, and further information can be found in the technical literature and in relevant product standards. Although this document does not specifically cover worker health or safety, the application of this document can raise related issues, particularly in process safety, which is closely associated with system reliability. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The emphasis on user-centred design in the previous edition was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on human dependability in an existing operational environment. b) The emphasis on human error and error-rate determination methods was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on means of providing organizational support for the workforce in their execution of required tasks. c) Where appropriate, discussions of human factors in an operational environment were aligned with current theory, terminology and practice.
- Standard62 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-10:2025 gives guidance to managers and technical and financial personnel on the basic principles of maintainability and maintenance activities that are applicable to any organization.
This document describes:
- the value and nature of maintainability and maintenance characteristics;
- the interfaces between maintainability and related dependability attributes of reliability, availability and supportability, as well as potential trade-offs that can be made through the interfaces during the life cycle of an item;
- the elements of maintainability and maintenance programmes;
- the application of maintainability and maintenance programmes throughout the life cycle;
- techniques to ensure maintainability and maintenance requirements are met;
- maintainability and maintenance data and information management.
This document is applicable to equipment, software, services, or structures, and gives guidance on matters of common interest to any business supplying, purchasing or sustaining products, services, or structures.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- more guidance is included on establishing a maintenance programme;
- some guidance on support and supportability has been removed and has been moved to IEC 60300-3-14.
- Standard71 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard78 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard149 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62508: 2025 provides guidance on current knowledge and practice concerning dependability in an operational environment, in terms of the humans, teams and organizations involved in conducting the work. It is part of a suite of IEC standards that are intended to address the dependability of both the technical and human elements of equipment and organizations.
This document describes the human elements of a typical operational system, and the importance of those elements to overall dependability. It also describes the means of assessing how well these elements are functioning, and general concepts on how the reliability of humans can be improved. These elements typically include the individual workers, the groups or teams into which they are organized, the interfaces between humans and technical systems, and the overall organization.
The following guidance is applicable to any industry that depends on human-systems interactions involving the technology, software, or systems of work required to support the production and safety objectives of an organization. This document primarily addresses complex technical systems, but some parts are also applicable to the manufacturing of industrial and consumer products. Principles for design of the human-machine interface (usability) are described, and further information can be found in the technical literature and in relevant product standards. Although this document does not specifically cover worker health or safety, the application of this document can raise related issues, particularly in process safety, which is closely associated with system reliability.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The emphasis on user-centred design in the previous edition was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on human dependability in an existing operational environment.
b) The emphasis on human error and error-rate determination methods was reduced in favour of a greater emphasis on means of providing organizational support for the workforce in their execution of required tasks.
c) Where appropriate, discussions of human factors in an operational environment were aligned with current theory, terminology and practice.
- Standard120 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62309:2024 introduces the concept to check the reliability and functionality of reused parts and their usage within new products. It also provides information and criteria about the assurance [for example, testing and analysis, required for products containing reused parts, which are declared "qualified-as-good-as-new" (QAGAN)] relative to the designed life of the product.
This document specifies requirements to be satisfied before making a declaration or applying a designation of QAGAN. This document also gives guidance to support any organisation that makes declarations about dependability of products containing reused parts.
In this document, the term "product" covers electrical, electro-mechanical, mechanical parts or hardware that can contain software.
"Qualified-as-good-as-new" (QAGAN) does not apply to reused materials or large structures and large systems, nor does it cover software products, concepts, and ideas.
The purpose of this document is to ensure by tests and analysis that the reliability and functionality of a new product containing reused parts is comparable to a product that contains only new parts. This would justify the manufacturer granting the next customer the full warranty of the product with "qualified-as-good-as-new" (QAGAN) parts.
Annex A describes extending useful life by refurbishment, updating, upgrading, maintenance and used as second-hand. These concepts are defined and the requirements for using the term with reference to this document are stated.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the previous Annex A has been separated into Annex B (Dependability aspects) and Annex C (Example with QAGAN parts);
b) a new normative Annex A has been written with expansion of lifecycle activities, to describe extending the useful life by refurbishment, life extension, updating, upgrading and second-hand use;
c) revision of Figure 1 accordingly;
d) minor editorial alignments throughout the document;
e) the abbreviation "quagan" has been changed "QAGAN" to reflect more contemporary use.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Scope remains the same as EN50126-2:2017
- Amendment8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part 1 of EN 50126
- considers RAMS, understood as reliability, availability, maintainability and safety and their interaction;
- considers the generic aspects of the RAMS life cycle. The guidance in this part can still be used in the application of specific standards;
- defines:
- a process, based on the system life cycle and tasks within it, for managing RAMS;
- a systematic process, tailorable to the type and size of the system under consideration, for specifying requirements for RAMS and demonstrating that these requirements are achieved;
- addresses railway specifics;
- enables conflicts between RAMS elements to be controlled and managed effectively;
- does not define:
- RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications;
- rules or processes pertaining to the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard;
- an approval process for the railway stakeholders.
This part 1 of EN 50126 is applicable to railway application fields, namely Command, Control and Signalling, Rolling Stock and Fixed Installations, and specifically:
- to the specification and demonstration of RAMS for all railway applications and at all levels of such an application, as appropriate, from complete railway systems to major systems and to individual and combined subsystems and components within these major systems, including those containing software; in particular:
- to new systems;
- to new systems integrated into existing systems already accepted, but only to the extent and insofar as the new system with the new functionality is being integrated. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspects of the existing system;
- as far as reasonably practicable, to modifications and extensions of existing systems already accepted, but only to the extent and insofar as existing systems are being modified. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspect of the existing system;
- at all relevant phases of the life cycle of an application;
- for use by railway duty holders and the railway suppliers.
It is not required to apply this standard to existing systems which remain unmodified, including those systems already compliant with any former version of EN 50126.
The process defined by this European Standard assumes that railway duty holders and railway suppliers have business-level policies addressing Quality, Performance and Safety. The approach defined in this standard is consistent with the application of quality management requirements contained within EN ISO 9001.
- Amendment11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-14:2024 introduces the dependability attribute of supportability (and support) and the relationship with related dependability attributes of reliability, maintainability and availability.
This document can be used at any time during an item’s life to guide the planning and implementing of supportability and support activities focused on achieving an intended balance of performance, cost and risk. All activities can be tailored to the nature of the item and its conditions of use.
Guidance is offered on how supportability and support activities can be applied at any life cycle stage for newly designed items, existing items available for commercial procurement, or for items during their operational life.
This document considers the life cycle implications by formally managing risks associated with the management and delivery of activities to create, operate, maintain and refurbish an item to achieve its stated purpose.
This document describes the:
- nature of supportability and support;
- role of supportability and support in achieving item value over its life;
- trade-offs associated with supportability and support to achieve desired balance of cost, performance and risk during the life of an item;
- importance of aligning the structure of an organization with its objectives, with the ultimate aim of improving efficiency and effectiveness in order to deliver the required supportability and support.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) consistency with the other core dependability standards prepared by IEC TC 56;
b) expansion of supportability and support principles and activities in dependability.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-14:2024 introduces the dependability attribute of supportability (and support) and the relationship with related dependability attributes of reliability, maintainability and availability. This document can be used at any time during an item’s life to guide the planning and implementing of supportability and support activities focused on achieving an intended balance of performance, cost and risk. All activities can be tailored to the nature of the item and its conditions of use. Guidance is offered on how supportability and support activities can be applied at any life cycle stage for newly designed items, existing items available for commercial procurement, or for items during their operational life. This document considers the life cycle implications by formally managing risks associated with the management and delivery of activities to create, operate, maintain and refurbish an item to achieve its stated purpose. This document describes the: - nature of supportability and support; - role of supportability and support in achieving item value over its life; - trade-offs associated with supportability and support to achieve desired balance of cost, performance and risk during the life of an item; - importance of aligning the structure of an organization with its objectives, with the ultimate aim of improving efficiency and effectiveness in order to deliver the required supportability and support. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) consistency with the other core dependability standards prepared by IEC TC 56; b) expansion of supportability and support principles and activities in dependability.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-1:2024 provides guidance on:
- the meaning and significance of dependability from a business, technical and financial perspective;
- achieving dependability through suitable adaptation of organizational management systems such as those described in ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 55001 (asset management);
- the activities that are integrated into management systems and life cycle processes in order to achieve dependable systems, products and services;
- planning and implementing dependability activities throughout the life cycle to achieve and assure required outcomes, taking into account factors such as costs, safety, the environment, customer goodwill, brand and reputation.
This document is applicable to any type of system, both new and existing, to mass produced industrial or consumer products, to components and to services. This document addresses all elements of systems, products and services including hardware, software, data, processes, procedures, facilities, materials, and personnel required for operations and support.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-14:2024 introduces the dependability attribute of supportability (and support) and the relationship with related dependability attributes of reliability, maintainability and availability.
This document can be used at any time during an item’s life to guide the planning and implementing of supportability and support activities focused on achieving an intended balance of performance, cost and risk. All activities can be tailored to the nature of the item and its conditions of use.
Guidance is offered on how supportability and support activities can be applied at any life cycle stage for newly designed items, existing items available for commercial procurement, or for items during their operational life.
This document considers the life cycle implications by formally managing risks associated with the management and delivery of activities to create, operate, maintain and refurbish an item to achieve its stated purpose.
This document describes the:
- nature of supportability and support;
- role of supportability and support in achieving item value over its life;
- trade-offs associated with supportability and support to achieve desired balance of cost, performance and risk during the life of an item;
- importance of aligning the structure of an organization with its objectives, with the ultimate aim of improving efficiency and effectiveness in order to deliver the required supportability and support.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) consistency with the other core dependability standards prepared by IEC TC 56;
b) expansion of supportability and support principles and activities in dependability.
- Standard119 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60300-1:2024 provides guidance on: - the meaning and significance of dependability from a business, technical and financial perspective; - achieving dependability through suitable adaptation of organizational management systems such as those described in ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 55001 (asset management); - the activities that are integrated into management systems and life cycle processes in order to achieve dependable systems, products and services; - planning and implementing dependability activities throughout the life cycle to achieve and assure required outcomes, taking into account factors such as costs, safety, the environment, customer goodwill, brand and reputation. This document is applicable to any type of system, both new and existing, to mass produced industrial or consumer products, to components and to services. This document addresses all elements of systems, products and services including hardware, software, data, processes, procedures, facilities, materials, and personnel required for operations and support.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-1:2024 provides guidance on:
- the meaning and significance of dependability from a business, technical and financial perspective;
- achieving dependability through suitable adaptation of organizational management systems such as those described in ISO 9001 (quality management) and ISO 55001 (asset management);
- the activities that are integrated into management systems and life cycle processes in order to achieve dependable systems, products and services;
- planning and implementing dependability activities throughout the life cycle to achieve and assure required outcomes, taking into account factors such as costs, safety, the environment, customer goodwill, brand and reputation.
This document is applicable to any type of system, both new and existing, to mass produced industrial or consumer products, to components and to services. This document addresses all elements of systems, products and services including hardware, software, data, processes, procedures, facilities, materials, and personnel required for operations and support.
- Standard151 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62506:2023 provides guidance on the application of various accelerated test techniques for measurement or improvement of item reliability. Identification of potential failure modes that can be experienced in the use of an item and their mitigation is instrumental to ensure dependability of an item. The object of the methods is to either identify potential design weakness or provide information on item reliability, or to achieve necessary reliability and availability improvement, all within a compressed or accelerated period of time. This document addresses accelerated testing of non-repairable and repairable systems. It can be used for probability ratio sequential tests, fixed duration tests and reliability improvement/growth tests, where the measure of reliability can differ from the standard probability of failure occurrence. This document also extends to present accelerated testing or production screening methods that would identify weakness introduced into the item by manufacturing error, which can compromise item reliability. Services and people are however not covered by this document.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62506:2023 provides guidance on the application of various accelerated test techniques for measurement or improvement of item reliability. Identification of potential failure modes that can be experienced in the use of an item and their mitigation is instrumental to ensure dependability of an item. The object of the methods is to either identify potential design weakness or provide information on item reliability, or to achieve necessary reliability and availability improvement, all within a compressed or accelerated period of time. This document addresses accelerated testing of non-repairable and repairable systems. It can be used for probability ratio sequential tests, fixed duration tests and reliability improvement/growth tests, where the measure of reliability can differ from the standard probability of failure occurrence. This document also extends to present accelerated testing or production screening methods that would identify weakness introduced into the item by manufacturing error, which can compromise item reliability. Services and people are however not covered by this document.
- Standard94 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62506:2023 provides guidance on the application of various accelerated test techniques for measurement or improvement of item reliability. Identification of potential failure modes that can be experienced in the use of an item and their mitigation is instrumental to ensure dependability of an item. The object of the methods is to either identify potential design weakness or provide information on item reliability, or to achieve necessary reliability and availability improvement, all within a compressed or accelerated period of time. This document addresses accelerated testing of non-repairable and repairable systems. It can be used for probability ratio sequential tests, fixed duration tests and reliability improvement/growth tests, where the measure of reliability can differ from the standard probability of failure occurrence. This document also extends to present accelerated testing or production screening methods that would identify weakness introduced into the item by manufacturing error, which can compromise item reliability. Services and people are however not covered by this document.
- Standard308 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard190 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This International Standard gives a number of optimized test plans, the corresponding border lines and characteristics. In addition the algorithms for designing test plans using a spreadsheet program are also given, together with guidance on how to choose test plans.
This standard specifies procedures to test whether an observed value of
- failure rate,
- failure intensity,
- mean operating time to failure (MTTF),
- mean operating time between failures (MTBF),
conforms to a given requirement.
It is assumed, except where otherwise stated, that during the accumulated test time, the times to failure or the operating times between failures are independent and identically exponentially distributed. This assumption implies that the failure rate or failure intensity is assumed to be constant.
Four types of test plans are described as follows:
- truncated sequential probability ratio test (SPRT);
- fixed time/failure terminated test (FTFT);
- fixed calendar time terminated test without replacement;
- combined test.
This standard does not cover guidance on how to plan, perform, analyse and report a test. This information can be found in IEC 60300-3-5.
This standard does not describe test conditions. This information can be found in IEC 60605-2 and in IEC 60300-3-5.
- Standard92 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61123:2019 is intended to define a procedure to verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements. The requirement is assumed to be specified as the percentage of success (success ratio) or the percentage of failures (failure ratio). This document can be used where a number of items are tested (number of trials performed) and classified as passed or failed. It can also be used where one or a number of items are tested repeatedly. The procedures are based on the assumption that the probability of success or failure is the same from trial to trial (statistically independent events). Plans for fixed trial/failure terminated tests as well as truncated sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) are included. This document contains extensive tables with ready-to-use SPRT plans and their characteristics for equal and non-equal risks for supplier and customer. In the case of the reliability compliance tests for constant failure rate/intensity, IEC 61124 applies. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1991. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [1, 2][1] has been significantly developed in recent years [3, 4, 5]. This edition contains shorter and accurate tests, a wide range of test plans, and significant additional characteristic data, as follows: the tests are significantly truncated (the maximum trial numbers are low) without substantially increasing the expected number of trials to decision (ENT); the true producer’s and consumer’s risks (α', β') are given and very close to the nominal (α, β); the range of the test parameters is wide (failure ratio, risks and discrimination ratio); the test plans include various risk ratios (not restricted to equal risks only); the values of ENT are accurate and given in the relevant region (for practical use); guidelines for extension of the test sets (interpolation and extrapolation) are included. In Annex C, the use of the cumulative binomial distribution function of Excel that simplifies the procedure of designing has been added (Clause C.3). Keywords: verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-4:2022 gives guidance on specifying dependability requirements and collating these requirements in a specification, together with a list of the means of assuring the achievement of the dependability requirements.
The guidance provided includes:
• specifying quantitative and qualitative reliability, maintainability, supportability and availability requirements;
• advising acquirers on how to ensure that the requirements can be fulfilled by suppliers;
• advising suppliers to help them meet the acquirer's requirements.
Other obligations, such as legislation and governmental regulations, can also place requirements on items, in addition to any requirements derived in accordance with this document.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-4:2022 gives guidance on specifying dependability requirements and collating these requirements in a specification, together with a list of the means of assuring the achievement of the dependability requirements. The guidance provided includes: • specifying quantitative and qualitative reliability, maintainability, supportability and availability requirements; • advising acquirers on how to ensure that the requirements can be fulfilled by suppliers; • advising suppliers to help them meet the acquirer's requirements. Other obligations, such as legislation and governmental regulations, can also place requirements on items, in addition to any requirements derived in accordance with this document.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60300-3-4:2022 gives guidance on specifying dependability requirements and collating these requirements in a specification, together with a list of the means of assuring the achievement of the dependability requirements.
The guidance provided includes:
• specifying quantitative and qualitative reliability, maintainability, supportability and availability requirements;
• advising acquirers on how to ensure that the requirements can be fulfilled by suppliers;
• advising suppliers to help them meet the acquirer's requirements.
Other obligations, such as legislation and governmental regulations, can also place requirements on items, in addition to any requirements derived in accordance with this document.
- Standard112 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60812:2018 explains how failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), including the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) variant, is planned, performed, documented and maintained. The purpose of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is to establish how items or processes might fail to perform their function so that any required treatments could be identified. An FMEA provides a systematic method for identifying modes of failure together with their effects on the item or process, both locally and globally. It may also include identifying the causes of failure modes. Failure modes can be prioritized to support decisions about treatment. Where the ranking of criticality involves at least the severity of consequences, and often other measures of importance, the analysis is known as failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). This document is applicable to hardware, software, processes including human action, and their interfaces, in any combination. An FMEA can be used in a safety analysis, for regulatory and other purposes, but this being a generic standard, does not give specific guidance for safety applications. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the normative text is generic and covers all applications; b) examples of applications for safety, automotive, software and (service) processes have been added as informative annexes; c) tailoring the FMEA for different applications is described; d) different reporting formats are described, including a database information system; e) alternative means of calculating risk priority numbers (RPN) have been added; f) a criticality matrix based method has been added; g) the relationship to other dependability analysis methods have been described. Keywords: failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)
- Standard80 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62853:2018 provides guidance in relation to a set of requirements placed upon system life cycles in order for an open system to achieve open systems dependability. This document elaborates on IEC 60300-1 by providing details of the changes needed to accommodate the characteristics of open systems. It defines process views based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, which identifies the set of system life cycle processes. This document is applicable to life cycles of products, systems, processes or services involving hardware, software and human aspects or any integrated combinations of these elements. For open systems, security is especially important since the systems are particularly exposed to attack. This document can be used to improve the dependability of open systems and to provide assurance that the process views specific to open systems achieve their expected outcomes. It helps an organization define the activities and tasks that need to be undertaken to achieve dependability objectives in an open system, including dependability related communication, dependability assessment and evaluation of dependability throughout system life cycles. Keywords: dependability of open systems
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61163-2:2020 provides guidance on RSS techniques and procedures for electrical, electronic, and mechanical components. This document is procedural in nature and is not, and cannot be, exhaustive with respect to component technologies due to the rapid rate of developments in the component industry. This document is:
a) intended for component manufacturers as a guideline;
b) intended for component users as a guideline to negotiate with component manufacturers on RSS requirements;
c) intended to allow the planning of an RSS process in house to meet reliability requirements or to allow the re-qualification of components for specific, upgraded, environments;
d) intended as a guideline to sub-contractors who provide RSS as a service.
This document is not intended to provide test plans for specific components or for delivery of certificates of conformance for batches of components. The use of bi-modal Weibull analysis to select and optimize an RSS process without having to estimate the reliability and life time of all items is described. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this version of the document is a complete rewrite and restructure from the previous version.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62960:2020 provides guidance on a review methodology for dependability from a technical perspective that is applicable at all stages of a system life cycle. Its application can improve the dependability of a system throughout its life cycle by triggering appropriate actions at appropriate times to address potential dependability problems. It provides guidance for developers, manufacturers, users and third-party independent reviewers such as consulting organizations. This document describes a dependability review methodology focusing on: - coherence of review activities across life cycle stages and their impact on dependability; - stakeholder identification and how this affects dependability review activities; - the relationships between different types of reviews; - procedures for effective dependability reviews; - examples of dependability review activities.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61163-2:2020 provides guidance on RSS techniques and procedures for electrical, electronic, and mechanical components. This document is procedural in nature and is not, and cannot be, exhaustive with respect to component technologies due to the rapid rate of developments in the component industry. This document is: a) intended for component manufacturers as a guideline; b) intended for component users as a guideline to negotiate with component manufacturers on RSS requirements; c) intended to allow the planning of an RSS process in house to meet reliability requirements or to allow the re-qualification of components for specific, upgraded, environments; d) intended as a guideline to sub-contractors who provide RSS as a service. This document is not intended to provide test plans for specific components or for delivery of certificates of conformance for batches of components. The use of bi-modal Weibull analysis to select and optimize an RSS process without having to estimate the reliability and life time of all items is described. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) this version of the document is a complete rewrite and restructure from the previous version.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62960:2020 provides guidance on a review methodology for dependability from a technical perspective that is applicable at all stages of a system life cycle. Its application can improve the dependability of a system throughout its life cycle by triggering appropriate actions at appropriate times to address potential dependability problems.
It provides guidance for developers, manufacturers, users and third-party independent reviewers such as consulting organizations.
This document describes a dependability review methodology focusing on:
- coherence of review activities across life cycle stages and their impact on dependability;
- stakeholder identification and how this affects dependability review activities;
- the relationships between different types of reviews;
- procedures for effective dependability reviews;
- examples of dependability review activities.
- Standard113 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61163-2:2020 provides guidance on RSS techniques and procedures for electrical, electronic, and mechanical components. This document is procedural in nature and is not, and cannot be, exhaustive with respect to component technologies due to the rapid rate of developments in the component industry. This document is:
a) intended for component manufacturers as a guideline;
b) intended for component users as a guideline to negotiate with component manufacturers on RSS requirements;
c) intended to allow the planning of an RSS process in house to meet reliability requirements or to allow the re-qualification of components for specific, upgraded, environments;
d) intended as a guideline to sub-contractors who provide RSS as a service.
This document is not intended to provide test plans for specific components or for delivery of certificates of conformance for batches of components. The use of bi-modal Weibull analysis to select and optimize an RSS process without having to estimate the reliability and life time of all items is described. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) this version of the document is a complete rewrite and restructure from the previous version.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61123:2019 is intended to define a procedure to verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements. The requirement is assumed to be specified as the percentage of success (success ratio) or the percentage of failures (failure ratio). This document can be used where a number of items are tested (number of trials performed) and classified as passed or failed. It can also be used where one or a number of items are tested repeatedly. The procedures are based on the assumption that the probability of success or failure is the same from trial to trial (statistically independent events). Plans for fixed trial/failure terminated tests as well as truncated sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) are included. This document contains extensive tables with ready-to-use SPRT plans and their characteristics for equal and non-equal risks for supplier and customer. In the case of the reliability compliance tests for constant failure rate/intensity, IEC 61124 applies. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1991. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [1, 2][1] has been significantly developed in recent years [3, 4, 5]. This edition contains shorter and accurate tests, a wide range of test plans, and significant additional characteristic data, as follows:
the tests are significantly truncated (the maximum trial numbers are low) without substantially increasing the expected number of trials to decision (ENT);
the true producer’s and consumer’s risks (α', β') are given and very close to the nominal (α, β);
the range of the test parameters is wide (failure ratio, risks and discrimination ratio);
the test plans include various risk ratios (not restricted to equal risks only);
the values of ENT are accurate and given in the relevant region (for practical use);
guidelines for extension of the test sets (interpolation and extrapolation) are included.
In Annex C, the use of the cumulative binomial distribution function of Excel that simplifies the procedure of designing has been added (Clause C.3).
Keywords: verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62550:2017 describes requirements for spare parts provisioning as a part of supportability activities that affect dependability performance so that continuity of operation of products, equipment and systems for their intended application can be sustained. This document is intended for use by a wide range of suppliers, maintenance support organizations and users and can be applied to all items.
Keywords: necessary spare parts
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61123:2019 is intended to define a procedure to verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements. The requirement is assumed to be specified as the percentage of success (success ratio) or the percentage of failures (failure ratio). This document can be used where a number of items are tested (number of trials performed) and classified as passed or failed. It can also be used where one or a number of items are tested repeatedly. The procedures are based on the assumption that the probability of success or failure is the same from trial to trial (statistically independent events). Plans for fixed trial/failure terminated tests as well as truncated sequential probability ratio tests (SPRTs) are included. This document contains extensive tables with ready-to-use SPRT plans and their characteristics for equal and non-equal risks for supplier and customer. In the case of the reliability compliance tests for constant failure rate/intensity, IEC 61124 applies. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1991. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
The sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) [1, 2][1] has been significantly developed in recent years [3, 4, 5]. This edition contains shorter and accurate tests, a wide range of test plans, and significant additional characteristic data, as follows:
the tests are significantly truncated (the maximum trial numbers are low) without substantially increasing the expected number of trials to decision (ENT);
the true producer’s and consumer’s risks (α', β') are given and very close to the nominal (α, β);
the range of the test parameters is wide (failure ratio, risks and discrimination ratio);
the test plans include various risk ratios (not restricted to equal risks only);
the values of ENT are accurate and given in the relevant region (for practical use);
guidelines for extension of the test sets (interpolation and extrapolation) are included.
In Annex C, the use of the cumulative binomial distribution function of Excel that simplifies the procedure of designing has been added (Clause C.3).
Keywords: verify if a reliability of an item/system complies with the stated requirements
- Standard98 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61078:2016 this International Standard describes: - the requirements to apply when reliability block diagrams (RBDs) are used in dependability analysis; - the procedures for modelling the dependability of a system with reliability block diagrams; - how to use RBDs for qualitative and quantitative analysis; - the procedures for using the RBD model to calculate availability, failure frequency and reliability measures for different types of systems with constant (or time dependent) probabilities of blocks success/failure, and for non-repaired blocks or repaired blocks; - some theoretical aspects and limitations in performing calculations for availability, failure frequency and reliability measures; - the relationships with fault tree analysis (see IEC 61025) and Markov techniques (see IEC 61165). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - the structure of the document has been entirely reconsidered, the title modified and the content extended and improved to provide more information about availability, reliability and failure frequency calculations; - Clause 3 has been extended and clauses have been introduced to describe the electrical analogy, the "non-coherent" RBDs and the "dynamic" RBDs; - Annex B about Boolean algebra methods has been extended; - Annex C (Calculations of time dependent probabilities), Annex D (Importance factors), Annex E (RBD driven Petri net models) and Annex F (Numerical examples and curves) have been introduced. Keywords: reliability block diagram (RBD)
- Standard121 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61882:2016 is available as IEC 61882:2016 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition. IEC 61882:2016 provides a guide for HAZOP studies of systems using guide words. It gives guidance on application of the technique and on the HAZOP study procedure, including definition, preparation, examination sessions and resulting documentation and follow-up. Documentation examples, as well as a broad set of examples encompassing various applications, illustrating HAZOP studies are also provided. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - clarification of terminology as well as alignment with terms and definitions within ISO 31000:2009 and ISO Guide 73:2009; - addition of an improved case study of a procedural HAZOP. Keywords: HAZOP, risks and operability problems
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IEC 62629-12-2:2019 specifies the measuring methods of motion artifacts for stereoscopic displays using glasses. This document is applicable to stereoscopic displays using glasses, which consist of transmissive type active matrix liquid crystal display modules (without a post image processing).
- Standard47 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements that enable an organization to design, develop and provide products, goods and services so that they can be accessed, understood and used by the widest range of users, including persons with disabilities.
This document specifies requirements and recommendations that enables an organization to extend their range of users by identifying diverse needs, characteristics, capabilities, and preferences, by directly or indirectly involving users, and by using knowledge about accessibility in its procedures and processes.
This document specifies requirements that can enable an organization to meet applicable statutory and regulatory requirements as related to the accessibility of its products, goods and services.
The requirements set out in this document are generic and are intended to be applicable to all relevant parts of all organisations, regardless of type, size or products, goods and services provided.
This document promotes accessibility following a Design for All approach in mainstream products goods and services and interoperability of these with assistive technologies.
This document does not provide technical design specifications and does not imply uniformity in design or functionality of products, goods and services.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This standard establishes requirements for performing and documenting APQP and PPAP. APQP begins
with conceptual product needs and extends through product definition, production planning, product
and process validation (i.e. PPAP), product use, and post-delivery service. This standard integrates and
collaborates with the requirements of the EN 9100, EN 9102, EN 9103 and EN 9110 standards.
The requirements specified in this standard are complementary (not alternative) to contractual and
applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. Should there be a conflict between the requirements
of this standard and applicable statutory or regulatory requirements, the latter shall take precedence.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60812:2018 explains how failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), including the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) variant, is planned, performed, documented and maintained. The purpose of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is to establish how items or processes might fail to perform their function so that any required treatments could be identified. An FMEA provides a systematic method for identifying modes of failure together with their effects on the item or process, both locally and globally. It may also include identifying the causes of failure modes. Failure modes can be prioritized to support decisions about treatment. Where the ranking of criticality involves at least the severity of consequences, and often other measures of importance, the analysis is known as failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). This document is applicable to hardware, software, processes including human action, and their interfaces, in any combination. An FMEA can be used in a safety analysis, for regulatory and other purposes, but this being a generic standard, does not give specific guidance for safety applications. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the normative text is generic and covers all applications;
b) examples of applications for safety, automotive, software and (service) processes have been added as informative annexes;
c) tailoring the FMEA for different applications is described;
d) different reporting formats are described, including a database information system;
e) alternative means of calculating risk priority numbers (RPN) have been added;
f) a criticality matrix based method has been added;
g) the relationship to other dependability analysis methods have been described.
Keywords: failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)
- Standard80 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62853:2018 provides guidance in relation to a set of requirements placed upon system life cycles in order for an open system to achieve open systems dependability. This document elaborates on IEC 60300-1 by providing details of the changes needed to accommodate the characteristics of open systems. It defines process views based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, which identifies the set of system life cycle processes. This document is applicable to life cycles of products, systems, processes or services involving hardware, software and human aspects or any integrated combinations of these elements. For open systems, security is especially important since the systems are particularly exposed to attack. This document can be used to improve the dependability of open systems and to provide assurance that the process views specific to open systems achieve their expected outcomes. It helps an organization define the activities and tasks that need to be undertaken to achieve dependability objectives in an open system, including dependability related communication, dependability assessment and evaluation of dependability throughout system life cycles.
Keywords: dependability of open systems
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/IEC 80079-34:2018 specifies particular requirements and information for establishing and maintaining a quality management system to manufacture Ex Products in accordance with the certificates. While it does not preclude the use of other quality management systems that are compatible with the objectives of ISO 9001:2015 and which provide equivalent results, the minimum requirements are given in this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2011, and constitutes a full technical revision. The significant changes with respect to the previous edition should be considered as minor technical revisions. However, the clause numbering in regard to the previous edition has changed in order to be in line with ISO 9001:2015. The normal “Table of Significant Changes” has not been included for this reason.
This publication is published as a double logo standard. This standard should be read in conjunction with ISO 9001:2015
- Standard140 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60812:2018 explains how failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), including the failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) variant, is planned, performed, documented and maintained. The purpose of failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is to establish how items or processes might fail to perform their function so that any required treatments could be identified. An FMEA provides a systematic method for identifying modes of failure together with their effects on the item or process, both locally and globally. It may also include identifying the causes of failure modes. Failure modes can be prioritized to support decisions about treatment. Where the ranking of criticality involves at least the severity of consequences, and often other measures of importance, the analysis is known as failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA). This document is applicable to hardware, software, processes including human action, and their interfaces, in any combination. An FMEA can be used in a safety analysis, for regulatory and other purposes, but this being a generic standard, does not give specific guidance for safety applications. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision.This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the normative text is generic and covers all applications;
b) examples of applications for safety, automotive, software and (service) processes have been added as informative annexes;
c) tailoring the FMEA for different applications is described;
d) different reporting formats are described, including a database information system;
e) alternative means of calculating risk priority numbers (RPN) have been added;
f) a criticality matrix based method has been added;
g) the relationship to other dependability analysis methods have been described.
Keywords: failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), failure modes effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)
- Standard165 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 62853:2018 provides guidance in relation to a set of requirements placed upon system life cycles in order for an open system to achieve open systems dependability. This document elaborates on IEC 60300-1 by providing details of the changes needed to accommodate the characteristics of open systems. It defines process views based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015, which identifies the set of system life cycle processes. This document is applicable to life cycles of products, systems, processes or services involving hardware, software and human aspects or any integrated combinations of these elements. For open systems, security is especially important since the systems are particularly exposed to attack. This document can be used to improve the dependability of open systems and to provide assurance that the process views specific to open systems achieve their expected outcomes. It helps an organization define the activities and tasks that need to be undertaken to achieve dependability objectives in an open system, including dependability related communication, dependability assessment and evaluation of dependability throughout system life cycles.
Keywords: dependability of open systems
- Standard148 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
1.1 General
The objective of any organization, as part of continual improvement, is to reduce the number of issues (i.e. undesirable conditions, defects, failures) and to minimize their impact on quality, delivery performance, and cost.
This includes having processes in place to detect and eradicate significant and recurrent issues, which implies having well identified problems, a common understanding of their impact and associated root causes, and having defined and implemented adequate actions so that these problems, including similar issues will not happen again.
1.2 Purpose
Propose a methodology to improve the way escapes and issues are managed, including communication between all parties [e.g. engineering, Materials Review Board (MRB), manufacturing, manufacturing engineering, supplier, customer] to reduce their impact, contain them as far upstream as possible, and prevent recurrence (i.e. ensure the right measures are taken at the right location and at the right time).
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This Standard defines the dependability assurance programme and the dependability requirements for space systems.
Dependability assurance is a continuous and iterative process throughout the project life cycle.
The ECSS dependability policy for space projects is applied by implementing a dependability assurance programme, which comprises:
- identification of all technical risks with respect to functional needs which can lead to non-compliance with dependability requirements,
- application of analysis and design methods to ensure that dependability targets are met,
- optimization of the overall cost and schedule by making sure that:
- design rules, dependability analyses and risk reducing actions are tailored with respect to an appropriate severity categorisation,
- risks reducing actions are implemented continuously since the early phase of a project and especially during the design phase.
- inputs to serial production activities.
The dependability requirements for functions implemented in software, and the interaction between hardware and software, are identified in this Standard.
NOTE 1 The requirements for the product assurance of software are defined in ECSS-Q-ST-80.
NOTE 2 The dependability assurance programme supports the project risk management process as described in ECSS-M-ST-80
This Standard applies to all European space projects. The provisions of this document apply to all project phases.
Depending of the product category, the application of this standard needs to be checked and if needed tailored. The pre-tailoring table in clause 8 contains the applicability of the requirements of this document and its annexes according to product type.
This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62741:2015 gives guidance on the content and application of a dependability case and establishes general principles for the preparation of a dependability case. This standard is written in a basic project context where a customer orders a system that meets dependability requirements from a supplier and then manages the system until its retirement. The methods provided in this standard may be modified and adapted to other situations as needed. The dependability case is normally produced by the customer and supplier but can also be used and updated by other organizations. For example, certification bodies and regulators may examine the submitted case to support their decisions and users of the system may update/expand the case, particularly where they use the system for a different purpose. Keywords: dependability, reliability, availability, maintainability, supportability, usability, testability, durability.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62740:2015 describes the basic principles of root cause analysis (RCA) and specifies the steps that a process for RCA should include. This standard identifies a number of attributes for RCA techniques which assist with the selection of an appropriate technique. It describes each RCA technique and its relative strengths and weaknesses. RCA is used to analyse the root causes of focus events with both positive and negative outcomes, but it is most commonly used for the analysis of failures and incidents. Causes for such events can be varied in nature, including design processes and techniques, organizational characteristics, human aspects and external events. RCA can be used for investigating the causes of non-conformances in quality (and other) management systems as well as for failure analysis, for example in maintenance or equipment testing. RCA is used to analyse focus events that have occurred, therefore this standard only covers a posteriori analyses. It is recognized that some of the RCA techniques with adaptation can be used proactively in the design and development of items and for causal analysis during risk assessment; however, this standard focuses on the analysis of events which have occurred. The intent of this standard is to describe a process for performing RCA and to explain the techniques for identifying root causes. These techniques are not designed to assign responsibility or liability, which is outside the scope of this standard. Keywords: root cause analysis (RCA), RCA techniques
- Standard70 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part 1 of EN 50126
- considers RAMS, understood as reliability, availability, maintainability and safety and their interaction;
- considers the generic aspects of the RAMS life cycle. The guidance in this part can still be used in the application of specific standards;
- defines:
- a process, based on the system life cycle and tasks within it, for managing RAMS;
- a systematic process, tailorable to the type and size of the system under consideration, for specifying requirements for RAMS and demonstrating that these requirements are achieved;
- addresses railway specifics;
- enables conflicts between RAMS elements to be controlled and managed effectively;
- does not define:
- RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications;
- rules or processes pertaining to the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard;
- an approval process for the railway stakeholders.
This part 1 of EN 50126 is applicable to railway application fields, namely Command, Control and Signalling, Rolling Stock and Fixed Installations, and specifically:
- to the specification and demonstration of RAMS for all railway applications and at all levels of such an application, as appropriate, from complete railway systems to major systems and to individual and combined subsystems and components within these major systems, including those containing software; in particular:
- to new systems;
- to new systems integrated into existing systems already accepted, but only to the extent and insofar as the new system with the new functionality is being integrated. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspects of the existing system;
- as far as reasonably practicable, to modifications and extensions of existing systems already accepted, but only to the extent and insofar as existing systems are being modified. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspect of the existing system;
- at all relevant phases of the life cycle of an application;
- for use by railway duty holders and the railway suppliers.
It is not required to apply this standard to existing systems which remain unmodified, including those systems already compliant with any former version of EN 50126.
The process defined by this European Standard assumes that railway duty holders and railway suppliers have business-level policies addressing Quality, Performance and Safety. The approach defined in this standard is consistent with the application of quality management requirements contained within EN ISO 9001.
- Standard103 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard114 pagesFrench languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part 2 of EN 50126
- considers the safety-related generic aspects of the RAMS life-cycle;
- defines methods and tools which are independent of the actual technology of the systems and subsystems;
- provides:
- the user of the standard with the understanding of the system approach to safety which is a key concept of EN 50126;
- methods to derive the safety requirements and their safety integrity requirements for the system and to apportion them to the subsystems;
- methods to derive the safety integrity levels (SIL) for the safety-related electronic functions.
NOTE This standard does not allow the allocation of safety integrity levels to non-electronic functions.
- provides guidance and methods for the following areas:
- safety process;
- safety demonstration and acceptance;
- organisation and independence of roles;
- risk assessment;
- specification of safety requirements;
- apportionment of functional safety requirements;
- design and implementation.
- provides the user of this standard with the methods to assure safety with respect to the system under consideration and its interactions;
- provides guidance about the definition of the system under consideration, including identification of the interfaces and the interactions of this system with its subsystems or other systems, in order to conduct the risk analysis;
- does not define:
- RAMS targets, quantities, requirements or solutions for specific railway applications;
- rules or processes pertaining to the certification of railway products against the requirements of this standard;
- an approval process by the safety authority.
This part 2 of EN 50126 is applicable to railway applications fields, namely Command, Control and Signalling, Rolling Stock and Fixed Installations, and specifically:
- to the specification and demonstration of safety for all railway applications and at all levels of such an application, as appropriate, from complete railway systems to major systems and to individual and combined sub-systems and components within these major systems, including those containing software, in particular:
- to new systems;
- to new systems integrated into existing systems already accepted, but only to the extent and insofar as the new system with the new functionality is being integrated. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspects of the existing system;
- as far as reasonably practicable, to modifications and extensions of existing systems accepted prior to the creation of this standard, but only to the extent and insofar as existing systems are being modified. It is otherwise not applicable to any unmodified aspect of the existing system;
- at all relevant phases of the life-cycle of an application;
- for use by railway duty holders and the railway suppliers.
It is not required to apply this standard to existing systems which remain unmodified, including those systems already compliant with any former version of EN 50126.
The process defined by this European Standard assumes that railway duty holders and railway suppliers have business-level policies addressing Quality, Performance and Safety. The approach defined in this standard is consistent with the application of quality management requirements contained within EN ISO 9001.
- Standard77 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard87 pagesFrench languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO/IEC 25064:2013 describes the Common Industry Format (CIF) for user needs reports, and provides specifications for their contents and format, including the content elements to be provided. User needs reports include both the collection and documentation of information from various sources relevant to user needs, and the analysis and integration of this information into consolidated user needs.
User needs reports are applicable to software and hardware systems, products or services (excluding generic products, such as a display screen or keyboard). The content elements are intended to be used as part of system-level documentation resulting from development processes such as those in ISO 9241-210 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 process standards. User needs are a major input into the establishment of user requirements.
User needs reports are intended to be used as part of system-level documentation resulting from development processes such as those in ISO 9241-210 and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 7 process standards.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day