EN 61290-1-2:2005
(Main)Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters - Electrical spectrum analyzer method
Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters - Electrical spectrum analyzer method
This part of IEC 61290 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified sub-systems. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based on either rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and waveguides (POWAs).
Prüfverfahren für Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker - Teil 1-2: Optische Leistungs- und Verstärkerparameter - Verfahren mit elektrischem Spektralanalysator
Amplificateurs optiques - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 1-2: Paramètres de puissance et de gain - Méthode de l'analyseur de spectre électrique
La présente partie de la CEI 61290 s'applique à tous les amplificateurs optiques (AO) et sous-systèmes à amplification optique disponibles sur le marché. Elle s'applique aux AO utilisant des fibres pompées optiquement (AFO basés sur des fibres dopées aux terres rares ou sur l'effet Raman), des semiconducteurs (SOA), et des guides d'ondes (POWA).
Optični ojačevalniki – Preskusne metode – 1-2. del: Parametri moči in ojačenja – Metoda z električnim spektralnim analizatorjem (IEC 61290-1-2:2005)
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI SIST EN 61290-1-2:2006
STANDARD
marec 2006
Optični ojačevalniki – Preskusne metode – 1-2. del: Parametri moči in
ojačenja – Metoda z električnim spektralnim analizatorjem (IEC 61290-1-
2:2005)
Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters - Electrical
spectrum analyzer method (IEC 61290-1-2:2005)
ICS 33.180.30 Referenčna številka
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61290-1-2
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2005-11
Amplificateurs optiques –
Méthodes d'essai –
Partie 1-2:
Paramètres de puissance et de gain –
Méthode de l'analyseur de spectre électrique
Optical amplifiers –
Test methods –
Part 1-2:
Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
IEC 2005 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Q
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.11
1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.15
3 Acronyms and abbreviations .15
4 Apparatus.15
5 Test sample.21
6 Procedure.21
7 Calculation .27
8 Test results .31
Bibliography .35
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS – TEST METHODS –
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61290-1-2 Ed. 2.0 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre
optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It constitutes a
technical revision. This second edition includes the measurement of gain parameters
previously covered in IEC 61290-2-1 Ed. 1.0. Also, the scope of the measurement method has
been broadened to include semiconductor optical amplifiers and waveguide optical amplifiers in
addition to optically-pumped fibre amplifiers.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61291-1.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 7 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
86C/672/FDIS 86C/677/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
IEC 61290 consists of the following parts under the general title Optical amplifiers – Test
1)
methods:
Part 1-1: Test methods for gain parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer method
Part 1-3: Power and gain parameters – Optical power meter method
Part 2-1: Test methods for optical power parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer
Part 2-2: Test methods for optical power parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer
Part 2-3: Test methods for optical power parameters – Optical power meter
Part 3: Test methods for noise figure parameters
Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer method
Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer method
Part 5-1: Test methods for reflectance parameters – Optical spectrum analyser
Part 5-2: Reflectance parameters – Electrical spectrum analyser method
Part 5-3: Test methods for reflectance parameters – Reflectance tolerance using electrical
spectrum analyser
Part 6-1: Test methods for pump leakage parameters – Optical demultiplexer
Part 7-1: Test methods for out-of-band insertion losses – Filtered optical power meter
Part 10-1: Multi-channel parameters – Pulse method using an optical switch and optical
spectrum analyzer
Part 10-2: Multi-channel parameters – Pulse method using a gated optical spectrum
analyzer
Part 10-3: Multi-channel parameters – Probe methods
Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion – Jones matrix eigenanalysis method (JME)
Part 11-2 : Polarization mode dispersion parameter – Poincaré sphere analysis method
___________
1)
The first editions of some of these parts were published under the general title Optical fibre amplifiers – Basic
specification or Optical amplifier test methods.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 9 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
This International Standard is devoted to the subject of optical amplifiers. The technology of
optical amplifiers is still rapidly evolving, hence amendments and new editions to this standard
can be expected.
Each abbreviation introduced in this International Standard is explained in the text at least the
first time it appears. However, for an easier understanding of the whole text, a list of all
abbreviations used in this International Standard is given in Clause 3.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 13 –
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS – TEST METHODS –
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61290 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and
optically amplified sub-systems. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based
on either rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and
waveguides (POWAs).
NOTE The applicability of the test methods described in the present standard to distributed Raman amplifiers is
for further study.
The object of this standard is to establish uniform requirements for accurate and reliable
measurements, by means of the electrical spectrum analyzer test method, of the following OA
parameters, as defined in Clause 3 of IEC 61291-1:
a) nominal output signal power
b) gain;
c) reverse gain;
d) maximum gain;
e) polarization-dependent gain;
f) large-signal output stability;
g) saturation output power;
h) maximum input signal power;
i) maximum output signal power;
j) input power range;
k) output power range;
l) maximum total output power.
In addition this test method provides a means for measuring the following parameters:
− maximum gain wavelength;
− gain wavelength band.
NOTE All numerical values followed by (‡) are suggested values for which the measurement is assured. Other
values may be acceptable, but should be verified.
The object of this standard is specifically directed to single-channel amplifiers. For
multichannel amplifiers, one should refer to the IEC 61290-10 series .
___________
See Bibliography.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 15 –
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60793-1-40: Optical fibres – Part 1-40: Measurement methods and test procedures –
Attenuation
IEC 61291-1:2005 Optical amplifiers – Part 1: Generic specification
3 Acronyms and abbreviations
ASE amplified spontaneous emission
DBR distributed Bragg reflector (laser diode)
DFB distributed feedback (laser diode)
ECL external cavity laser (diode)
LED light emitting diode
OA optical amplifier
OFA optical fibre amplifier
POWA planar optical waveguide amplifier
SOA semiconductor optical amplifier
4 Apparatus
A diagram of the measurement set-up is given in Figure 1.
___________
A first edition of IEC 61291-1 was published in 1998 under the title Optical fibre amplifiers – Part 1: Generic
specification.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 17 –
Optical
coupler
J1
Optical
Optical Polarisation
dB
power
source
controller
meter
Variable
optical
attenuator
Optical
Signal
power
generator
meter
IEC 1610/05
a) Average optical input signal power
Optical
coupler
J1 J2
Optical Polarisation Optical
dB
source controller detector
Variable
optical
attenuator
Optical
Electrical
Signal
power
spectrum
generator
meter
analyzer
IEC 1611/05
b) Electrical input signal power
Optical
coupler
J1
J2
Optical
Polarisation Optical
dB OA
source
detector
controller
Variable
optical OA
under test
attenuator
Optical
Signal
Electrical
power
generator
spectrum
meter
analyzer
IEC 1612/05
c) Electrical output signal power
Figure 1 – Typical arrangement of the electrical spectrum analyzer test apparatus for
measurement of (a) average optical input signal power, (b) electrical input signal power
and (c) electrical output signal power.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 19 –
The test equipment listed below, with the required characteristics, is needed.
a) Optical source: The optical source shall be either at fixed wavelength or wavelength-tunable.
– Fixed-wavelength optical source: This optical source shall generate a light with a
wavelength and optical power specified in the relevant detail specification. Unless
otherwise specified, the optical source s
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2006
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 61290-1-2:1999
SIST EN 61290-2-2:1999
Optični ojačevalniki – Preskusne metode – 1-2. del: Parametri moči in ojačenja –
Metoda z električnim spektralnim analizatorjem (IEC 61290-1-2:2005)
Optical amplifiers - Test methods -- Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters - Electrical
spectrum analyzer method
Prüfverfahren für Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker -- Teil 1-2: Optische Leistungs- und
Verstärkerparameter - Verfahren mit elektrischem Spektralanalysator
Amplificateurs optiques - Méthodes d'essai -- Partie 1-2: Paramètres de puissance et de
gain - Méthode de l'analyseur de spectre électrique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61290-1-2:2005
ICS:
33.180.30 Optični ojačevalniki Optic amplifiers
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61290-1-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM December 2005
ICS 33.100.99 Supersedes EN 61290-1-2:1998
English version
Optical amplifiers -
Test methods
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters -
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
(IEC 61290-1-2:2005)
Amplificateurs optiques - Prüfverfahren für
Méthodes d'essai Lichtwellenleiter-Verstärker
Partie 1-2: Paramètres de puissance Teil 1-2: Optische Leistungs-
et de gain - und Verstärkerparameter -
Méthode de l'analyseur Verfahren mit elektrischem
de spectre électrique Spektralanalysator
(CEI 61290-1-2:2005) (IEC 61290-1-2:2005)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to
comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
© 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61290-1-2:2005 E
Foreword
The text of document 86C/672/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61290-1-2, prepared by SC 86C, Fibre
optic systems and active devices, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61290-1-2 on 2005-10-01.
This European Standard supersedes EN 61290-1-2:1998.
It includes the measurement of gain parameters previously covered in EN 61290-2-1. Also, the scope
of the measurement method has been broadened to include semiconductor optical amplifiers and
waveguide optical amplifiers in addition to optically-pumped fibre amplifiers.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with EN 61291-1.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2006-08-01
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-10-01
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61290-1-2:2005 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 60793-1-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60793-1-1:2003 (not modified).
IEC 60825-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60825-1:1994 (not modified).
IEC 60825-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60825-2:2004 (not modified).
IEC 60874-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60874-1:1999 (not modified).
IEC 61290-10-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-10-1:2003 (not modified).
IEC 61290-10-2 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-10-2:2003 (not modified).
IEC 61290-10-3 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61290-10-3:2003 (not modified).
__________
- 3 - EN 61290-1-2:2005
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE Where an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
1) 2)
IEC 60793-1-40 - Optical fibres EN 60793-1-40 2003
(mod) Part 1-40: Measurement methods and
test procedures – Attenuation
3) 3)
IEC 61291-1 - Optical fibre amplifiers EN 61291-1 -
Part 1: Generic specification
1)
Undated reference.
2)
Valid edition at date of issue.
3)
To be published.
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
61290-1-2
INTERNATIONAL
Deuxième édition
STANDARD
Second edition
2005-11
Amplificateurs optiques –
Méthodes d'essai –
Partie 1-2:
Paramètres de puissance et de gain –
Méthode de l'analyseur de spectre électrique
Optical amplifiers –
Test methods –
Part 1-2:
Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
IEC 2005 Droits de reproduction réservés Copyright - all rights reserved
Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur. the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
CODE PRIX
Q
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
For price, see current catalogue
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.5
INTRODUCTION.11
1 Scope.13
2 Normative references.15
3 Acronyms and abbreviations .15
4 Apparatus.15
5 Test sample.21
6 Procedure.21
7 Calculation .27
8 Test results .31
Bibliography .35
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS – TEST METHODS –
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters –
Electrical spectrum analyzer method
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61290-1-2 Ed. 2.0 has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre
optic systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It constitutes a
technical revision. This second edition includes the measurement of gain parameters
previously covered in IEC 61290-2-1 Ed. 1.0. Also, the scope of the measurement method has
been broadened to include semiconductor optical amplifiers and waveguide optical amplifiers in
addition to optically-pumped fibre amplifiers.
This standard is to be read in conjunction with IEC 61291-1.
61290-1-2 IEC:2005 – 7 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
86C/672/FDIS 86C/677/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
IEC 61290 consists of the following parts under the general title Optical amplifiers – Test
1)
methods:
Part 1-1: Test methods for gain parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer
Part 1-2: Power and gain parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer method
Part 1-3: Power and gain parameters – Optical power meter method
Part 2-1: Test methods for optical power parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer
Part 2-2: Test methods for optical power parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer
Part 2-3: Test methods for optical power parameters – Optical power meter
Part 3: Test methods for noise figure parameters
Part 3-1: Noise figure parameters – Optical spectrum analyzer method
Part 3-2: Test methods for noise figure parameters – Electrical spectrum analyzer method
Part 5-1: Test methods for reflectance parameters – Optical spectrum analyser
Part 5-2: Reflectance parameters – Electrical spectrum analyser method
Part 5-3: Test methods for reflectance parameters – Reflectance tolerance using electrical
spectrum analyser
Part 6-1: Test methods for pump leakage parameters – Optical demultiplexer
Part 7-1: Test methods for out-of-band insertion losses – Filtered optical power meter
Part 10-1: Multi-channel parameters – Pulse method using an optical switch and optical
spectrum analyzer
Part 10-2: Multi-channel parameters – Pulse method using a gated optical spectrum
analyzer
Part 10-3: Multi-channel parameters –
...
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