IEC 61098:2023
(Main)Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitors
Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitors
IEC 61098:2023 applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user stays at the monitor. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium measurement.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. Title is modified.
b. As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy.
c. Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series.
d. Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added.
e. Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test.
f. Descriptions of overhead detectors are added.
g. Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring.
h. Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de la contamination de surface du personnel
IEC 61098:2023 s'applique aux moniteurs qui comprennent des ensembles de prévention et appareils de mesure utilisés pour la surveillance de la contamination radioactive en surface des personnels, que ceux-ci soient habillés ou non. Le document ne s'applique qu'aux équipements dont les utilisateurs restent au niveau du moniteur. Le présent document s'applique à la surveillance du corps entier (y compris la tête), des mains et des pieds, mais certaines parties du présent document peuvent être utilisées pour des moniteurs conçus uniquement pour la surveillance de la contamination radioactive des mains et/ou des pieds.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2003. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a. le titre a été modifié;
b. en lieu et place des petites sources zonales, des sources zonales ont été ajoutées pour les méthodes d'essai concernant les variations de la réponse en fonction de la position de la source, le rendement réel d'un instrument, la limite de détection (DL, Detection Limit) et la variation de la réponse en fonction de l'énergie;
c. la limite de détection (DL) est conforme à la série ISO 11929;
d. les descriptions des grandeurs d'influence de type F et de type S ont été ajoutées;
e. la cohérence avec l'IEC 62706 a été améliorée pour les exigences d'environnement, les exigences mécaniques, la compatibilité électromagnétique et les méthodes d'essai;
f. des descriptions de détecteurs aériens ont été ajoutées;
g. des descriptions de Friskers ont été ajoutées pour la surveillance des mains et des pieds;
h. les figures ont été simplifiées pour comprendre la relation entre la position du détecteur et la réponse, ainsi que la relation de position entre la surface du détecteur et la source
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61098 ®
Edition 3.0 2023-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Radiation protection instrumentation – Installed personnel surface
contamination monitors
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection – Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de
la contamination de surface du personnel
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni
utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et
les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Secretariat Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé info@iec.ch
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always have
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and once
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary
(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need
further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: sales@iec.ch.
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.
A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.
Recherche de publications IEC - Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications. Avec un
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC abonnement, vous aurez toujours accès à un contenu à jour
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, adapté à vos besoins.
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur les
projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées. Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au monde,
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
avec plus de 22 300 articles terminologiques en anglais et en
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans 19 langues
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc
Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
sales@iec.ch.
IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
IEC 61098 ®
Edition 3.0 2023-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Radiation protection instrumentation – Installed personnel surface
contamination monitors
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection – Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de
la contamination de surface du personnel
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.280; 17.240 ISBN 978-2-8322-6527-7
– 2 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Units . 14
3.3 Symbols (see Table 1) . 15
4 Classification of monitors . 16
4.1 According to type of radiation to be measured . 16
4.2 According to body surface being monitored . 16
4.3 According to background compensation method . 16
5 Design characteristics . 16
5.1 Positioning of the person being monitored . 16
5.2 Size of the person being monitored . 16
5.3 Hand monitoring facilities . 17
5.4 Foot monitoring facilities . 17
5.5 Body monitoring facilities . 17
5.6 Frisker . 17
5.7 Visual display. 18
5.7.1 For the user . 18
5.7.2 For maintenance purposes . 18
5.8 Audible indicators . 18
5.9 Monitoring period . 18
5.10 Ease of decontamination . 18
5.11 Detectors used . 19
5.12 Seismic consideration . 19
6 Performance requirements and test procedures . 19
6.1 General test procedure . 19
6.1.1 Nature of tests . 19
6.1.2 Tests performed under standard test conditions . 19
6.1.3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 19
6.1.4 Type F influence test . 20
6.1.5 Type S influence test . 20
6.2 Functionality test . 20
6.2.1 General . 20
6.2.2 Pre-test . 20
6.2.3 Post-test . 21
6.3 Statistical fluctuations . 21
6.4 Reference sources . 21
6.5 Requirements for use of gas flow detectors . 22
7 Radiation measurement characteristics . 22
7.1 Variation of response with source position . 22
7.1.1 General . 22
7.1.2 For clothing or the body . 22
7.1.3 For hand monitoring. 27
7.1.4 For foot monitoring . 28
7.1.5 Contamination measurement of cloth or body by friskers . 30
7.2 Background. 33
7.2.1 General . 33
7.2.2 Subtraction of pre-determined background . 33
7.2.3 Simultaneous subtraction of determined background . 33
7.2.4 No background subtraction . 33
7.2.5 Gamma monitoring systems . 34
7.3 Detection limit (DL) . 34
7.3.1 General . 34
7.3.2 For clothing or body . 36
7.3.3 The effective instrument efficiency at the specific operating point . 36
7.3.4 For hand monitoring. 37
7.3.5 For foot monitoring . 37
7.3.6 For frisker monitoring. 38
7.4 Variation of response with energy . 38
7.4.1 General . 38
7.4.2 Beta. 38
7.4.3 Alpha . 40
7.4.4 Gamma . 40
7.5 Response to other ionising radiations . 41
7.5.1 General . 41
7.5.2 Gamma radiation . 42
7.5.3 Alpha radiation (for beta and gamma contamination monitoring
assemblies) . 42
7.5.4 Beta or gamma radiation (for alpha contamination monitoring
assemblies) . 42
7.6 Linearity of indication . 42
7.6.1 Requirements . 42
7.6.2 Method of test. 43
7.7 Alarm threshold. 43
7.7.1 General . 43
7.7.2 Requirements . 43
7.7.3 Method of test. 43
8 Overload protection . 43
8.1 Requirements . 43
8.2 Method of test . 43
9 Availability . 44
9.1 Warm-up time . 44
9.2 Power failure. 44
10 Environmental requirements . 44
10.1 General . 44
10.2 Ambient temperature. 44
10.2.1 Requirements . 44
10.2.2 Method of test. 44
10.3 Relative humidity . 45
10.3.1 Requirements . 45
10.3.2 Method of test. 45
10.4 Atmospheric pressure . 45
11 Mechanical requirements . 45
– 4 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
11.1 General . 45
11.2 Vibration test . 45
11.2.1 Requirements . 45
11.2.2 Method of test. 46
11.3 Mechanical shock . 46
11.3.1 Requirements . 46
11.3.2 Method of test. 46
12 Power and electromagnetic compatibility . 46
12.1 Voltage and frequency . 46
12.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 47
12.2.1 General . 47
12.2.2 Electrostatic discharge . 47
12.2.3 Radio-frequency (RF) Immunity . 47
12.2.4 Radiated emissions . 48
12.2.5 AC line powered monitor requirements . 48
12.2.6 Immunity from conducted RF . 49
12.2.7 Surges and ring waves . 49
12.2.8 Magnetic fields . 50
13 Storage . 50
14 Documentation . 50
14.1 Certificate . 50
14.2 Operation and maintenance manual . 51
14.3 Operational instructions . 51
14.4 Type test report . 51
Annex A (informative) Explanation of the derivation of detection limit formula . 56
A.1 General . 56
A.2 In a case of taking into account a change in the background value between
the background measurement and the contamination measurement . 59
A.3 In a case of achieving background compensation simultaneously. 61
Annex B (informative) Phantoms for testing the body effect for gamma contamination
body monitors . 63
B.1 General . 63
B.2 Phantoms building blocks . 63
B.3 Range of phantoms . 64
Annex C (informative) Characterization of the error due to the background attenuation
by the body . 65
C.1 General . 65
C.2 Standard background case. 65
C.2.1 Test procedure . 65
C.2.2 Result interpretation . 65
C.2.3 Acceptance criteria . 66
C.2.4 Important note . 66
C.3 Increased background case . 66
C.3.1 General . 66
C.3.2 Polar response characterization . 67
C.3.3 Test procedure of body attenuation effect . 67
C.3.4 Result interpretation and acceptance criteria . 67
Annex D (informative) Characterization of the response to a carried gamma source . 68
D.1 General . 68
D.2 Test procedure . 68
Bibliography . 70
Figure 1 – Vertical position of radiation source . 24
Figure 2 – Response curve composition by source position . 25
Figure 3 – Centre planes of the detection volume . 26
Figure 4 – Detector for hand monitoring . 28
Figure 5 – Detector for foot monitoring . 30
Figure 6 – Frisker (clothes)/Overhead detector . 32
Figure B.1 – Size of slices . 63
Figure B.2 – Assembled phantoms . 64
Figure D.1 – Source positions for the head . 68
Figure D.2 – Source positions for the body . 69
Figure D.3 – Source positions for the legs . 69
Table 1 – Symbols and abbreviate terms . 15
Table 2 – Emission frequency range . 48
Table 3 – Reference and standard test conditions . 52
Table 4 – Tests performed under standard test conditions . 52
Table 5 – Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 54
Table 6 – Test and sources . 55
Table B.1 – Sizes of the set of phantoms . 64
– 6 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
INSTALLED PERSONNEL SURFACE CONTAMINATION MONITORS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61098 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of
IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Title is modified.
b) As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of
test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument
efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy.
c) Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series.
d) Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added.
e) Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical
requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test.
f) Descriptions of overhead detectors are added.
g) Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring.
h) Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the
response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
45B/1020/FDIS 45B/1026/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, ISO/IEC Directives and IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
INSTALLED PERSONNEL SURFACE CONTAMINATION MONITORS
1 Scope
This document applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters
used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they
be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user
stays at the monitor. It is not applicable to the user passes quickly through the monitor. It is
also not applicable to any peripheral equipment which can be associated with a particular type
of equipment such as small article monitors. Probes (friskers) for measuring clothes or body by
the person under monitoring or someone else are included in this document. The probes
(friskers) are always connected to the monitor.
This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands
and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of
radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium
measurement.
This document is applicable to:
– installed personnel monitor (all clauses applicable);
– transportable personnel monitor (all clauses applicable);
– monitor for monitoring the hands (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7.1.3, 7.2, 7.3.4, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13 and 14);
– monitor for monitoring the feet (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7.1.4, 7.2, 7.3.5, 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 c), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13 and 14); and
– monitor for monitoring the hands and feet (including probe (frisker) for whole body
measurement) (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5,
7.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.2.2 d), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b),
7.4.4.3 c), 7.4.4.3 d),7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14).
The object of this document is to define mechanical and operational characteristics, minimum
performance characteristics and general test procedures for personnel monitors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-395, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 395: Nuclear
instrumentation – Physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and
detectors, available at www.electropedia.org
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electronic discharge immunity test.
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques – Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-8: Testing and measuring
techniques – Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-12, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-12: Testing and measuring
techniques – Ring wave immunity test
IEC 62706, Radiation protection instrumentation – Recommended climatic, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements and methods of tests
ISO 8769:2020, Measurement of radioactivity – Alpha-, beta- and photon emitting radionuclides
– Reference measurement standard specifications for the calibration of surface contamination
monitors
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given
in IEC 60050-395 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
surface emission rate
number of particles or photons of a given type above a given energy emerging
from the face of the source or its window per time in a mass-free environment
[SOURCE: ISO 8769:2020, 3.1, modified – Word "second" replaced with "time" in the definition.]
3.1.2
source efficiency
ε
s
ratio between the number of particles of a given type above a given energy emerging from the
face of the source or its window per unit time (surface emission rate) and the number of particles
of the same type created or released within the source (for a thin source) or its saturation layer
thickness (for a thick source) per unit time
3.1.3
small area source
source whose active surface area has a maximum linear dimension not exceeding 2,5 cm
– 10 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.4
surface emission rate response
under stated conditions specified by the manufacturer (sensitive area
of the detector, active area of the source and the distance between source and detector), ratio
of the number of detected particles (for instance counts per unit time, corrected for background)
to the number of particles of the same type emitted by the radiation source in the same interval
of time (conventionally true surface emission rate)
3.1.5
sensitive area of the detector
area of the detector, defined by the manufacturer, where the efficiency for a small area source
is greater than 50 % of the maximum efficiency
3.1.6
total equivalent thickness
thickness, generally expressed in mass per unit area, that a particle (alpha or beta) emitted
normally from the contaminated surface crosses in order to reach the sensitive volume of the
detector
Note 1 to entry: This thickness includes the distance in the air plus the detector window thickness and, sometimes,
the thickness of any screen fitted over the detector window which protects it from contamination.
3.1.7
effective range of measurement
absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a nominal range
3.1.8
response
R
to the conventional true value
ratio of the indicated value of a monitor M M
i t
M
i
R=
M
t
3.1.9
relative error of indication
I
quotient of the error of indication of a measured quantity M – M by the conventional true value
i t
of the quantity
M
t
Note 1 to entry: It may be expressed as a percentage.
MM−
it
I ×100
M
t
3.1.10
relative intrinsic error
relative error of indication of an assembly with respect to a quantity when subjected to a
specified reference radiation under specified reference conditions
=
3.1.11
coefficient of variation
V
s
ratio V of the standard deviation to the value of the arithmetic mean x of a set of n
measurements given by the following formula:
x
i
n
s 1 1
V= = (x − x)
∑ i
x x n−1
i−1
3.1.12
deviation
D
difference between the indicated values for the same value of the measured quantity, when
made under reference conditions and when subject to an influence quantity
DM− M
it
where
is the indicated value of a monitor;
M
i
is the conventional true value
M
t
Note 1 to entry: The deviation can be positive or negative resulting in an increase or a decrease of the indicated
value, respectively.
Note 2 to entry: The deviation is of special importance for influence quantities of type S.
3.1.13
lower limit of effective range of measurement
A
minimum activity or activity concentration to be measured over which the performance of a
monitor meets the requirement of its specifications
3.1.14
decision threshold
y *
value of the estimator of the measurand, which, when exceeded by the result of an actual
measurement using a given measurement procedure of a measurand quantifying a physical
effect, is used to decide that the physical effect is present
Note 1 to entry: The decision threshold is defined such that in cases where the measurement result y exceeds the
decision threshold , the probability that the true value of the measurand is zero is less or equal to a chosen
y *
probability .
α
Note 2 to entry: If the result y is below the decision threshold , the result cannot be attributed to the physical
y *
effect; nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that it is absent.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929-1:2019, 3.12, modified – Notes to entry rephrased.]
=
– 12 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.15
detection limit
DL
#
y
smallest true value of the measurand which ensures a specified probability of being detectable
by the measurement procedure
Note 1 to entry: With the decision threshold according to 3.1.15, the detection limit is the smallest true value of the
measurand for which the probability of wrongly deciding that the true value of the measurand is zero is equal to a
specified value β when, in fact, the true value of the measurand is not zero.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929-1:2019, 3.13, modified – Last sentence of Note 1 to entry removed, and
Note 2 to entry deleted.]
3.1.16
conventional true value
best estimate of the value of that quantity
Note 1 to entry: This is usually the value determined by, or traceable to, a secondary or primary standard or by a
reference instrument which has been calibrated against a secondary or primary standard.
3.1.17
frisker
probes for whole body monitoring attached to hand and/or foot contamination monitors
3.1.18
influence quantity of type F
influence quantity whose effect on the indicated value is a change in response
Note 1 to entry: An example is radiation energy and angle of radiation incidence.
Note 2 to entry: "F" stands for factor: The indication due to radiation is multiplied by a factor due to the influence
quantity.
3.1.19
influence quantity of type S
influence quantity whose effect on the indicated value is a deviation independent of the
indicated value
Note 1 to entry: An example is the electromagnetic disturbance.
Note 2 to entry: All requirements for influence quantities of type S are given with respect to the value of the deviation
D .
Note 3 to entry: "S" stands for sum. The indication is the sum of the indication due to radiation and due to the
influence quantity.
3.1.20
ambient background
gamma radiation field in which the monitor is intended to operate which includes natural
background and radiation due to radioactive sources and/or plants adjacent to the monitor
3.1.21
reference background
artificial background created to simulate the maximum ambient background for which the
monitor is designed
Note 1 to entry: This background includes the naturally occurring background and additional radiation provided by
a source of Cs (or other radionuclide by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer) placed at least 3 m
from the detector of interest of the monitor under test.
3.1.22
uniformity of surface emission rate of sources
uniformity of a surface in respect to the surface emission rate in relation to the average surface
emission rate
Note 1 to entry: For further information on area radioactive sources, refer to ISO 8769.
3.1.23
monitoring channel
system of assemblies or parts of assemblies enabling the signals from one or more detectors
to show whether contamination is present or not on specific parts of the body, feet or hands
3.1.24
emission probability
probability of the emission of the particle or photon of interest per disintegration
3.1.25
effective instrument efficiency
E
ff
mean value of the instrument efficiency over the whole of the detector, used when the detection
limit (DL) is determined
Note 1 to entry: In a case of using the detector for the body surface monitoring, the effective instrument efficiency
is the mean value of the instrument efficiency distribution measured using a phantom.
3.1.26
qualification test
sets of tests performed in order to verify that the requirements of a specification are fulfilled
3.1.27
type test
conformity test made on one or more items representative of
...
Frequently Asked Questions
IEC 61098:2023 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitors". This standard covers: IEC 61098:2023 applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user stays at the monitor. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium measurement. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a. Title is modified. b. As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy. c. Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series. d. Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added. e. Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test. f. Descriptions of overhead detectors are added. g. Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring. h. Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.
IEC 61098:2023 applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user stays at the monitor. This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium measurement. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a. Title is modified. b. As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy. c. Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series. d. Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added. e. Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test. f. Descriptions of overhead detectors are added. g. Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring. h. Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.
IEC 61098:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.280 - Radiation protection; 17.240 - Radiation measurements. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
IEC 61098:2023 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC 61098:2003. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase IEC 61098:2023 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of IEC standards.
IEC 61098:2023 is a crucial standard in the field of radiation protection instrumentation, specifically targeting installed personnel surface contamination monitors. The scope of this standard is explicitly defined, applying to devices designed for monitoring radioactive contamination on personnel surfaces, regardless of whether they are clothed. Its focus encompasses the whole body, including the head, hands, and feet, making it comprehensive for user safety. One of the primary strengths of this standard is its emphasis on technical updates that enhance user understanding and safety. The significant technical changes introduced in this third edition over the previous publication from 2003 include a more relevant title and the introduction of area sources that broaden testing methodologies for compliance with detection limit (DL) standards as outlined in the ISO 11929 series. This advancement reflects a progressive approach to monitoring, considering varied response variations with source position and energy. Moreover, the standard enhances clarity and usability by improving descriptions of influence quantities, specifically types F and S, and adding detailed explanations regarding overhead detectors and friskers for hand and foot monitoring. These additions provide valuable insights that support users in implementing safe measurement practices effectively. Another notable strength is the promotion of consistency with IEC 62706 concerning environmental, mechanical requirements, and electromagnetic compatibility. This alignment ensures that the equipment adheres to contemporary standards, reinforcing safety and operational integrity. Furthermore, the visual aids incorporated into the document are simplified to enhance understanding of the relationship between detector positioning and response. This graphical representation aids users in accurately interpreting results and making informed decisions based on contamination readings. In summary, IEC 61098:2023 stands out as an essential and relevant standard for professionals dealing with radiation safety. Its comprehensive scope, coupled with significant technical updates and clearer visual guidance, underlines its importance in ensuring effective and safe monitoring of radioactive surface contamination in personnel environments.
IEC 61098:2023 표준은 방사선 방호 기구에서 인체 표면 오염 모니터링 장비에 관한 중요한 문서로, 해당 장비의 성능과 적용 범위를 명확히 정의하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 사용자가 모니터에 머무르는 경우에만 적용되는 장비에 대해, 의복의 유무에 관계없이 인체의 표면에서 방사선 오염을 감지할 수 있는 경고 장치와 계측기를 포함합니다. 전체 몸체, 손, 발의 모니터링을 다루지만, 문서의 일부 내용은 손과/또는 발의 오염 모니터링 전용 장비에도 적용 가능합니다. 이 표준의 주된 강점 중 하나는 기존의 2003년 제정된 2차 개정판을 대체하며, 기술적 변화를 포함하고 있다는 점입니다. 첫째, 시험 방법에 대한 소규모 및 대규모 소스의 이용 가능성을 통합하여 응답 변동, 효율성, 검출 한계(DL) 및 에너지에 대한 응답 변동을 더욱 일관되게 평가할 수 있도록 하였습니다. 둘째, 검출 한계(DL)가 ISO 11929 시리즈와 일치하도록 정의되어 신뢰성을 더욱 높였습니다. 또한, 환경 요구사항, 기계적 요구사항, 전자기 호환성 및 시험 방법에 있어 IEC 62706과의 일관성을 강화한 점도 인상적입니다. 이러한 점들은 사용자에게 고품질의 검출 및 모니터링 성능을 제공하도록 설계된 장비의 선택과 운영에 있어 중요한 기준이 됩니다. 표준 문서의 특징으로는 감지기 위치와 응답 간의 관계를 쉽게 이해할 수 있게 돕는 도형의 추가, 손과 발 모니터링에 대한 프리스커의 설명 등이 있으며, 이는 장비의 실용성을 더욱 향상시킵니다. IEC 61098:2023 표준은 방사선 방호 분야에서의 모니터링 기술의 발전을 반영하며, 이 분야에 종사하는 전문가들에게 중요한 참고 자료가 될 것입니다.
IEC 61098:2023は、設置型の放射線防護機器に関する重要な標準であり、特に個人の表面汚染モニターに焦点を当てています。この標準は、放射性汚染を監視するための警告装置とメーターを含む装置に適用されます。具体的には、被曝者がモニターの近くにいる場合にのみ適用されるため、ユーザーがモニターの周囲に留まる状況に適した仕様となっています。 この文書の主な強みは、全身（頭部を含む）、手、足の放射性汚染の監視に適した内容である点です。また、手や足のみに焦点を当てたモニターについても、この標準の一部を活用できることが明記されています。特筆すべきは、トリチウム測定は対象外であり、特定の汚染源に焦点を当てた監視が提供される点です。 IEC 61098:2023では、前版（2003年）からの重要な技術的変更が加えられています。特に、検出限界（DL）がISO 11929シリーズに適合している点や、小面積源の代わりに面積源が追加されており、これは放射線源の位置に応じた応答の変動をテストする方法に関する指針として使われます。これにより、装置の有効性や応答の変動がより精確に評価されることになります。 さらに、本標準では、IEC 62706との整合性を推進しており、環境要件、機械的要件、電磁的互換性、テスト手法に関する整合性が強化されています。このように、汚染モニターが設置される環境に対する包括的なアプローチは、この標準の大きな強みと言えるでしょう。また、上部検出器やフリスカーについての記述が追加されており、手足の監視に関する詳細なガイダンスが提供されています。 最後に、図版が改良され、検出器の位置と応答の関係、検出器面と汚染源との位置関係を理解しやすく示していることは、実用性を高める重要な要素です。このように、IEC 61098:2023は、個人の放射性汚染監視に関する設置型機器の標準として、その適用範囲の広さ、技術的な先進性、実用性が際立った文書であると言えます。
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...