IEC TR 61000-2-15:2023
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 2-15: Description of the characteristics of networks with high penetration of power electronic converters
Electromagnetic compatibility - Part 2-15: Description of the characteristics of networks with high penetration of power electronic converters
IEC TR 61000-2-15: 2023 which is a Technical Report, addresses in particular the following main phenomena, which affect the power quality in modern distribution systems with high penetration of power electronics converters. As some aspects of the subject have already been addressed in the past, considering the evolution of the LV and MV networks, this document focuses on the following aspects:
resonances in the network, modelling and on-site validation;
supraharmonics and measurements issues;
impact of increased number of power electronic converters;
stability and instability issues for the equipment to be connected
The target phenomena and conditions of this document are the following:
frequency: ≤ 2 kHz, 2 kHz to 9 kHz, ≥ 9 kHz;
voltage levels: LV, MV;
harmonic sources: all types of converters (EV battery chargers, appliances, etc.…).
Some of these frequency ranges have already been standardized in some countries (Japan, Germany, Switzerland, etc.), but the resulting phenomena developed will benefit being described in more details, with a focus on the interaction between the converters and the electrical networks. The case of the presence of a large number of converters is also at stake. Some complex phenomena can also arise when the full system is not stable anymore. NOTE Whereas it is expected that the models and derived calculations form this document can be applied to the Americas electrical systems its formal validation studies are still pending.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC TR 61000-2-15 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Electromagnetic compatibility –
Part 2-15: Description of the characteristics of networks with high penetration of
power electronic converters
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IEC TR 61000-2-15 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-02
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Electromagnetic compatibility –
Part 2-15: Description of the characteristics of networks with high penetration of
power electronic converters
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.240.01; 33.100.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-6550-5
– 2 – IEC TR 61000-2-15:2023 IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
INTRODUCTION . 10
1 Scope . 11
2 Normative references . 11
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Resonance phenomena with network and power electronics equipment based on
actual cases . 12
4.1 Operation of overvoltage protection of earth leakage circuit breaker in
Japanese LV systems . 12
4.1.1 General . 12
4.1.2 Circuit modelling . 13
4.1.3 Measurements on site. 14
4.1.4 Technical or regulatory aspects . 16
4.2 Analysis and modelling of an EV charging hub with PV production . 17
4.3 Impact of power electronic household equipment on the impedance
characteristics in residential networks . 21
4.4 Harmonic resonance in an urban, residential low voltage grid . 25
4.5 Harmonic distortion and impedance characteristics in an islanded microgrid . 28
5 Impact of modern power electronics on the propagation and amplification of
voltage distortion . 31
5.1 Harmonic propagation in a residential LV network . 31
5.1.1 General . 31
5.1.2 Measurements . 31
5.1.3 Modelling issues . 33
5.2 Supraharmonic amplification in a residential LV network with a fast charging
station . 34
5.2.1 Measurement procedures . 34
5.2.2 Measurement results . 36
5.2.3 Simulation results . 39
5.3 Supraharmonic amplification in a residential low voltage network with PV
converters . 41
5.4 Generic supraharmonic emission models for PWM based converters . 42
5.5 Assessment of optimal impedance angles for power electronic devices to
minimize risk of amplification . 43
6 Cases of a large amount of converters . 47
6.1 General . 47
6.2 Large PV installations . 48
6.3 Industrial grids . 53
6.4 Multiple EV chargers in a central charging infrastructure . 57
6.4.1 General . 57
6.4.2 Measurements . 58
6.4.3 Modelling of interactions between N similar single-phase power
converters . 59
7 Impact of grid conditions on the operation of converters . 66
7.1 Analysis of a single-phase inverter model with an LCL filter using the
Nyquist criterion . 66
7.2 Probabilistic stability analysis for commercial low power inverters based on
measured grid impedances . 74
7.3 Description of electric vehicles connected to a weak network . 77
7.3.1 General . 77
7.3.2 Modeling of the equipment involved . 77
7.3.3 Determination of the voltage at the entrance of the charger, for different
impedance values of the upstream network . 79
7.3.4 Measurements performed at the manufacturer’s laboratory . 81
7.4 Other interactions between the grid and power converters . 82
7.4.1 PV connected to a weak network . 82
7.4.2 Windfarms connected to a grid . 88
7.4.3 Microgrid during the islanding phase. 89
7.4.4 Impact of the operating conditions . 93
8 Harmonic emission characteristics of power electronic equipment for the mass-
market . 94
9 Conclusion and perspectives . 97
9.1 General . 97
9.2 Challenges . 97
9.3 Main findings . 98
9.4 Consequences . 98
9.5 Recommendations . 99
9.6 Future work . 99
Bibliography . 100
Figure 1 – Schematic illustration of a harmonic resonance issue in a LV system . 12
Figure 2 – Waveform of the overvoltage at the neighbour side . 13
Figure 3 – Description of an equivalent circuit modelling for harmonic resonances. 13
Figure 4 – Electrical circuit used in simulations, and results of resonance magnification
factors (RMFs) . 14
Figure 5 – Description of the experimental test configuration . 14
Figure 6 – Measurement performed during the experimental tests . 15
Figure 7 – Resonance magnification factors (RMFs) using measurement and
simulation . 15
Figure 8 – Flowchart to assess an appliance’s compliance with JIS TS C 0058 [2] . 16
Figure 9 – Harmonic current limits for measurement assessment . 17
Figure 10 – Trends of the number of inquiries regarding current emission limits in
Japan . 17
Figure 11 – Bloc scheme of the measured EV charging hub with PV production . 18
Figure 12 – Power line impedance magnitude (top) and phase (bottom) measured at
the point of common connecting (PCC) of an EV charger hub with PV production . 19
Figure 13 – Resulting simplified model of the charging hub with distribution lines and
feeder . 19
Figure 14 – Impact of a super-fast EV charger on grid impedance . 20
Figure 15 – Impedance characteristics of an urban LV network, . 24
Figure 16 – Schema of the network . 25
Figure 17 – Network harmonic impedance measured at different locations (L1-N) . 26
Figure 18 – Simulated network harmonic impedance at different locations (L1-N) using
default element representations . 26
Figure 19 – Equivalent impedance model of a domestic customer . 27
– 4 – IEC TR 61000-2-15:2023 IEC 2023
Figure 20 – Measured and simulated network harmonic impedance at different
locations (L1-N) using the developed customer impedance model. 27
Figure 21 – Schematic representation of system under test . 28
Figure 22 – Impedance characteristics (magnitude and phase angle) . 29
Figure 23 – Voltage harmonic levels in ICM (a) and ISM (b) . 30
Figure 24 – Simplified line diagram of the grid with marked measuring points . 31
Figure 25 – Connection of a PQ measuring device . 32
th
Figure 26 – Measured 15 current and voltage harmonic on phase L1 during operation
of the heat pumps at the heat pumps’ point of connection without active filter . 32
th
Figure 27
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