ISO/FDIS 37187

Smart community infrastructures — Guidance on data exchange and sharing of city information modelling platform

This document describes the requirements for data framework and functions in the modeling process of smart cities. Furthermore, the operation and maintenance of the platform are involved. This document applies to the infrastructure and management of the city information modeling (CIM) platform and its related applications and scenarios, including transportation, communication, energy, buildings, roads, and the activities of organizations and people, such as governments, enterprises, schools, and families.

Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Recommandations relatives à l'échange et au partage de données de la plateforme de modélisation des informations urbaines

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 35.240.99 - IT applications in other fields
• ICS: 91.020 - Physical planning. Town planning
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1 - Smart community infrastructures
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 268/SC 1 - Smart community infrastructures
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 03-Apr-2026
• Completion Date: 03-Apr-2026

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 4210-7:2023 - Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 7: Wheel and rim test methods
• Effective Date: 06-Mar-2023

Overview

ISO/FDIS 37187: Smart Community Infrastructures - Guidance on Data Exchange and Sharing of City Information Modelling Platform provides comprehensive requirements and guidance for the data frameworks and functions essential to smart city information modelling. Developed by ISO, this standard is designed to enhance the effectiveness and interoperability of City Information Modelling (CIM) platforms, which are vital for urban planning, construction, operation, and management.

The CIM platform integrates diverse data resources across various urban infrastructure domains-such as transportation, communication, energy, buildings, and roads-and supports the activities of governments, enterprises, schools, and citizens. Through standardized guidance, ISO/FDIS 37187 helps cities build robust platforms for data exchange, facilitating collaboration, operational efficiency, and sustainable development.

Key Topics

1. CIM Platform Architecture

• Comprised of five key layers: device, data, service, application, and user, supported by standards/specifications, information security, and operation/maintenance systems.
• Device layer: Includes IoT sensors, computing equipment, communication infrastructure, and cloud technologies for data collection.
• Data layer: Focuses on the accurate and reliable storage, processing, and management of diverse urban datasets.
• Service layer: Offers core data processing, analytics, machine learning, digital twins, and APIs.
• Application layer: Supports specialized city management applications, from planning and design to public services.
• User layer: Delivers interactive, role-based services to governments, enterprises, users, and the public across various devices.

2. Data Framework and Modelling

• Covers methods for handling, classifying, coding, and storing all city data types, including GIS, BIM, IoT, and business data.
• Builds a data governance structure to ensure quality, security, privacy, and interoperability.
• Provides guidelines for data exchange, organization, lightweight and synthetic modelling, and relationships among urban models.

3. Management and Operation

• Details processes for developing, operating, and maintaining CIM platforms, including software, hardware, and network environments.
• Emphasizes security management, access controls, and compliance with national and international data standards.

4. Evaluation and Inspection

• Lays out criteria for ongoing inspection and evaluation of CIM systems, ensuring continual improvement and alignment with performance benchmarks.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 37187 is applicable to a variety of smart city and community infrastructure scenarios, supporting:

• Urban Planning and Development: Enables data-driven decision making for efficient resource allocation, zoning, and future growth strategies.
• Infrastructure Management: Optimizes the monitoring, operation, and maintenance of assets like roads, energy grids, and transport.
• Public Services: Facilitates digital government services, smart healthcare, smart education, and citizen engagement platforms.
• Interdepartmental Collaboration: Ensures consistent data exchange and sharing among multiple city departments and stakeholders.
• Emergency Response: Supports real-time data management for efficient coordination during disasters or unforeseen events.
• Sustainable Urban Development: Provides tools to track and improve energy efficiency, environmental protection, and community resilience.

Related Standards

ISO/FDIS 37187 aligns with and builds upon several key international standards for smart city management and data interoperability:

• ISO 37156: Guidelines on data exchange and sharing for smart community infrastructures.
• ISO/IEC 30182: Smart City Conceptual Model (SCCM) for structuring heterogeneous city data.
• ISO 19650 Series: Building information modelling data management.
• IEC 63273-1: Concepts and definitions for city information modelling.
• ISO/IEC 20924: Foundational terminology for IoT and smart city architectures.

Conclusion

ISO/FDIS 37187 offers a unified standard for the exchange and sharing of city information, essential for scalable, secure, and sustainable smart city transformation. By implementing these guidelines, urban communities can ensure better quality of life, operational excellence, and long-term resilience-building the foundation for future-ready cities using robust CIM platforms and solid data governance practices.

Standards Content (Sample)

DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 37187
ISO/TC 268/SC 1
Smart community infrastructures —
Secretariat: JISC
Guidelines on data exchange
Voting begins on:
and sharing of city information
2025-04-21
modelling platform
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 91.020; 35.240.99
2025-07-14
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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Reference number
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 37187
ISO/TC 268/SC 1
Smart community infrastructures —
Secretariat: JISC
Guidelines on data exchange
Voting begins on:
and sharing of city information
modelling platform
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 91.020; 35.240.99
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
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This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat. BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
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POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview of CIM platform . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Platform architecture . .3
4.2.1 Introduction .3
4.2.2 Device layer .3
4.2.3 Data Layer .4
4.2.4 Service Layer .4
4.2.5 Application Layer .4
4.2.6 User Layer .4
4.2.7 Supporting systems .5
4.3 Implementation requirement .6
4.3.1 General .6
4.3.2 CIM platform use cases .6
4.3.3 Scalability and open interfaces .7
5 Data framework and modelling . 7
5.1 General .8
5.1.1 Data resources .8
5.1.2 Model delivery and management .8
5.1.3 Data interoperability guidelines .9
5.2 Data category .9
5.2.1 GIS data .9
5.2.2 BIM data .9
5.2.3 IoT data .10
5.2.4 Business data .10
5.3 Data exchange and interoperability requirements .10
5.3.1 Data exchange requirements.10
5.3.2 Data interoperability requirements .11
5.4 Data organization requirements of modelling . 12
5.4.1 Overview . 12
5.4.2 Synthetic model . 12
5.4.3 Lightweight model .14
5.4.4 Relationship between lightweight model and synthetic model . 15
5.5 Model processing and expression. 15
5.6 Classification coding and storage .17
5.6.1 Classification . .17
5.6.2 Coding .17
5.6.3 Storage .18
6 Basic functions .18
6.1 General .18
6.2 Data collection and management .18
6.3 Data query and visualization .19
6.4 Data analysis and simulation .19
6.5 Platform operation and service . 20
6.6 Platform development interface . 20
6.7 Security management .21
6.8 Data exchange and sharing . 22
7 Platform development and maintenance .22

iii
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
7.1 General . 22
7.2 Software, hardware, and network environment . 22
7.2.1 Platform software . 22
7.2.2 Platform hardware . 22
7.2.3 Platform network environment . 23
7.3 Platform maintenance management . 23
7.4 Platform Security . 23
8 Inspection and evaluation .24
8.1 General concept .24
8.1.1 Inspection .24
8.1.2 Evaluation .24
8.2 Basic requirements for inspection and evaluation .24
8.3 Inspection criterion .24
8.3.1 Data .24
8.3.2 Modelling .24
8.3.3 Basic functions . 25
8.3.4 Documents . 25
8.4 Inspection conclusion . 25
8.5 Level evaluation . . 25
Annex A (informative) Case studies .26
Bibliography .35

iv
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
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with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
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For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see the following URL:
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
Introduction
Under the impetus of global urbanization, smart cities are increasingly becoming a new paradigm for urban
development. Through the deep integration of advanced Information and Communication Technologies
(ICT), empowering city management, services, and sustainable development is the inevitable direction of
urban development to enhance urban operational efficiency and quality of life. The system of smart cities is
complicated, and it is not easy to understand the whole picture. Ensuring the maximization of the interests
of numerous stakeholders in the process of achieving sustainable development, efficiency, resilience, and
security goals of urban development is also a challenge.
The City Information Modelling (CIM) platform, based on the basic geographic information of cities, collects
information models of buildings and infrastructures at different stages. It serves as an integrated platform
for the basic operational and information resources for urban planning, construction, management, and
operation, and is the fundamental, critical, and substantive information infrastructure of smart cities. As
the core carrier of smart city construction, its importance is self-evident and crucial for achieving intelligent
and refined urban management.
The data framework of the CIM platform integrates data resources from various departments and systems.
It enables information sharing and collaboration between different departments, establishes digital models
of various aspects of the city, and provides important support for the planning, construction, management,
operation, and development of smart cities. It also provides support for the survival foundation of smart
city infrastructure in various fields such as energy, water resources, transportation, and waste. At the same
time, specifying the functions and applications of the CIM platform can optimize urban services, contribute
to achieving sustainable urban development, improve the quality of life for citizens, and promote urban
economic prosperity.
ISO/IEC 30182:2017 focuses on the Smart City Conceptual Model (SCCM), which is used to describe data
from any department in the city, to discuss how to achieve interoperability between data and addressing
the lack of data interoperability. ISO 37156:2022 focuses on the data exchange and sharing of smart
city infrastructure, offers a reference for governments, enterprises, organizations, and individuals to
share urban infrastructure data. At the same time, it also provides a set of methods for governing urban
infrastructure data, gives a unified framework for data exchange and sharing following privacy and security
principles. After the data can be exchanged and shared under ISO 37156, the city data can be integrated
through the city-level platform, CIM, which can utilize the data value. However, there are also data exchange
and sharing when data flows in the CIM platform. This document, through specifying the data, modelling,
basic functions, platform construction, and operation of the CIM platform, allows data to play a greater role
in the development of smart cities in aspects such as urban planning, construction, management, operation,
based on existing data and ensuring data exchange and sharing.

vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
Smart community infrastructures — Guidelines on data
exchange and sharing of city information modelling platform
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements of the City Information Modelling (CIM) platform for the
information modelling process of smart city construction, operation and maintenance.
This document applies to both building and infrastructure assets and management of the CIM platform
and its related applications and scenarios, including community infrastructures such as transportation,
communication, energy, roads, logistics, and the activities of stakeholders both organizations and citizens,
apply for governments, enterprises, schools, health care, and families, etc.
NOTE Annex A outlines case studies of data exchange and sharing of CIM platform in smart community.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37156:2020, Smart community infrastructures — Guidelines on data exchange and sharing for smart
community infrastructures
3 Terms and definitions
For this document, the following terms and definitions given in ISO 19650-1:2018, ISO/IEC 20924:2021,
ISO 19101-1:2014 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Application Programming Interface
API
collection of invocation methods and associated parameters used by one piece of software to request actions
from another piece of software
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 18012-1:2004, 3.1.1]
3.2
Building Information Modelling
BIM
use of a shared digital representation of an asset to facilitate design, construction, and operation processes
to form a reliable basis for decisions
[SOURCE: ISO 19650-1:2018, 3.3.14, modified — The wording "a built asset" has been changed to "an asset";
Note 1 to entry has been removed.]

ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
3.3
City Information Modelling
CIM
development of digital representations and simulations of a city made up of large quantities of geospatial
data, often including real-time data, which enable better city planning and management
Note 1 to entry: The geospatial data is provided using an integration of Building information Modelling (BlM) and
Geographic Information Systems (GlS).
Note 2 to entry: The real-time data is obtained through extensive use of loT sensors within the city.
Note 3 to entry: City information Modelling involves handling large amounts of big data, which is generally brought
together using cloud computing.
Note 4 to entry: Artificial intelligence is often used to generate and evaluate different scenarios using City information
Modelling data to help manage the city better.
[SOURCE: IEC 63273-1:2023, 3.1.1]
3.4
digital twin
DT
w
digital representation of a target entity with data connections that enable convergence between the physical
and digital states at an appropriate rate of synchronization
Note 1 to entry: Digital twin has some or all of the capabilities of connection, integration, analysis, simulation,
visualization, optimization, collaboration, etc.
Note 2 to entry: Digital twin can provide an integrated view throughout the life cycle of the target entity.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30173:2023, 3.1.1]
3.5
external information infrastructure
infrastructure of systems, technologies, and frameworks that support integrating and interacting a city's
data with external data sources and services
3.6
Geographic Information System
GIS
information system dealing with information concerning phenomena associated with location relative to
the Earth
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1, 4.1.20]
3.7
Internet of Things
IoT
infrastructure of interconnected entities, people, systems and information resources together with services
which processes and reacts to information from the physical world and virtual world
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 20924:2024, 3.2.8]
3.8
lightweight model
suitable rendering dataset after simplifying, compressing, and processing of the synthetic model’s data on
geometry, texture, attributes based on lightweighting, visual effect enhancement, and other technologies
to optimize model’s memory usage, computation and power consumption for running on resource-
constrained devices
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
3.9
Machine Learning
ML
process of optimizing model parameters through computational techniques, such that the model's behaviour
reflects the data or experience
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 22989:2022, 3.3.5]
3.10
open data platform
a digital infrastructure of enabling the collection, storage, sharing, and analysis of publicly accessible urban data
3.11
synthetic model
outcome dataset based on format conversion, model classification and grading, data fusion, automated
modelling, semantic processing, and other technologies, containing clear semantic composition, geometric
form, attribute information, and relationship information
4 Overview of CIM platform
4.1 General
The CIM platform is a comprehensive platform that integrates multidimensional data and information of
cities, aiming to provide decision support for urban planning, construction, management, and services.
The CIM platform achieves efficient management and application of data by integrating various urban data
resources, thus facilitating sustainable urban development.
The CIM platform centralizes the management of CIM data, providing access interfaces for data and services.
The CIM platform's service scope includes but not limited to urban planning and design, infrastructure
construction, environmental protection, public services, and emergency management. By offering data
support and analysis tools, the CIM platform assists relevant departments and enterprises in optimizing
resource allocation, enhancing urban management efficiency, and improving service quality.
The target scope of CIM platform services encompasses cities, industrial parks, parks, communities,
clusters of buildings, and individual buildings. For government and urban management departments, the
CIM platform objects may also include various smart facilities and systems such as railways, emergency
response, drainage, streets, parking, utilities, facilities, fire protection, communities, and industrial parks
based on the actual conditions of smart city applications.
4.2 Platform architecture
4.2.1 Introduction
The CIM platform comprises five layers (device layer, data layer, service layer, application layer, and user
layer) and three supporting systems (standards and specifications system, information security system, and
operation and maintenance guarantee system). There are dependencies between the upper and lower layers
horizontally, such as dependencies of basic resource, data, service, and function among different layers.
Vertically, there are constraints between vertical systems and related layers, such as interface constraints,
security constraints, resource constraints, performance constraints, and compatibility constraints. Each
layer carries out specific functions and tasks, and through dependency and constraint relationships, the
integrity and collaboration of the platform are ensured.
4.2.2 Device layer
The device layer serves as the physical foundation of the CIM platform, encompassing various hardware
devices such as sensors, monitoring devices, computing equipment, communication facilities, and other
hardware components.
ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
The device layer includes IoT sensor devices, open data platform, as well as information infrastructure such
as cloud computing, cloud storage, cloud transmission, blockchain, and other related components.
The primary function of the device layer is to collect, store, and transmit various data related to urban
operations, providing raw data sources and computing services for the data layer above.
4.2.3 Data Layer
The data layer is the core of the CIM platform, responsible for storing, processing, and managing the data
within the CIM.
The data layer includes spatiotemporal fundamental data, resource survey data, IoT sensory data, public
thematic data, engineering construction project data, planning control data, outcome data, and other
datasets.
Constructing the CIM platform data resource system ensures the accuracy, completeness, and availability of
data, providing data support for the services in the upper layers.
4.2.4 Service Layer
The service layer provides various data processing and analysis services, serving as the middleware of the
CIM platform.
The service layer provides various common foundational computations and services including AI-based
digital twin (DT ), simulation, and Machine Learning (ML).
w
The service layer provides functionalities and services such as basic functions, data ingestion, data
processing, data fusion, data storage, model management, IoT supervision, Application Programming
Interface (API), visualization, dashboard, and simulation.
4.2.5 Application Layer
The application layer refers to a series of applications and service components built on top of the basic
functionalities and services of the CIM platform, catering to specific urban management and decision
support needs. It serves as the implementation layer for concrete business functionalities, such as smart
government services, smart healthcare, and smart buildings applications.
The application layer can be divided into several categories, including urban planning and design
applications, construction management and engineering collaboration applications, urban management
and operation applications, public service and public participation applications, data analysis and decision
support applications, etc. These applications leverage the data and service resources provided by the CIM
platform and are extended through secondary development to establish smart applications on desktop, web,
and mobile platforms.
The application layer serves as the crucial bridge connecting the core technology of the platform with the
final user demands. By constructing specialized, customized, and user-friendly application software, general
tools, and standardized interfaces, it transforms the powerful functionalities of the CIM platform into
effective means to solve real urban problems. This fosters the scientific, refined, and intelligent management
of cities, providing application services in areas such as urban planning, construction, management, services,
and operations according to user needs.
4.2.6 User Layer
The user layer represents the ultimate service recipients of the CIM platform, including government entities,
enterprises, and the general public.
The user layer includes both mobile users and static users.
The function of the user layer is to interact with the CIM platform through user interfaces to obtain the
required information and services. Users can communicate with the middleware layer via wired or wireless

ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
networks to complete necessary tasks. The platform provides personalized tools and services tailored to the
roles of government entities, enterprises, and the general public. Additionally, it adapts to various terminals
such as large screens, PCs, and mobile devices to meet users' needs for visual effects and interaction
methods.
4.2.7 Supporting systems
Supporting systems ensure that the CIM platform adheres to essential standards and fulfills fundamental
requirements concerning its architecture, operation, and maintenance. These supporting systems comprise
three key components: the standards and specifications system, the information security system, and the
operation and maintenance guarantee system.
— Standards and specifications system: This system specifies data standards, business standards, and
technical management to ensure the standardized operation of the CIM platform and alignment with
national and industry data standards and technical specifications.
— Information security system: This system safeguards the data security and privacy protection of the CIM
platform, mitigating various security threats in accordance with relevant policies and national network
security level protection standards,
— Operation and maintenance guarantee system: This system ensures the stable operation of the CIM
platform's network, data, applications, and business processes, necessary technical support and
maintenance services are provided, along with the establishment of operation, update, and security
assurance systems.
The overall architecture of the CIM platform with five layers and three supporting systems is illustrated in
Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Architecture of city Information modelling platform (the shaped box refers to the
foundational part of CIM platform)

ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
4.3 Implementation requirement
4.3.1 General
The purpose of construction is to promote collaboration and information sharing among stakeholders.
The CIM platform data governance project and data services should be closely intertwined with cross-
departmental business collaboration.
The data layer and the service layer are the foundation part of the CIM platform, and its design should
align with the overall framework to ensure effective integration and application of data. The CIM platform
infrastructure meets the requirements for data updates and business expansion.
The functions of the CIM platform include data collection and management, scenario configuration, data
querying and visualization, statistical analysis and application, data sharing and exchange, and operational
management interface. These functionalities of the CIM platform should be closely integrated with the
overall framework to achieve synergistic collaboration between different layers, thereby enhancing the
overall performance and service quality of the platform.
4.3.2 CIM platform use cases
CIM platform scenarios encompass a range of information generated by activities in various urban
infrastructure sectors. Common use cases include transportation, communication, energy, buildings, roads,
governance, schools, and households. The application of models serves the function of verifying whether the
models and their applications comply with international standards for urban development. CIM platform
applications are evaluated by stakeholders based on their professional expertise, data management, and
data interoperability.
The construction of CIM platform application scenarios consists of the following stages:
a) Stakeholder Analysis, including stakeholder identification, and gathering of their specific needs and
expectations;
b) Data Requirements & Integration, including data type identification, integration support, and data
standards for interoperability;
c) Functional Requirements, such as data visualization, analytics & simulation, decision support,
collaboration, user interface and user experience;
d) Non-functional Requirements, such as scalability, performance, security, and interoperability;
e) Technical Architecture, including modular design architecture, cloud integration, APIs, SDKs, and edge
computing;
f) Compliance & Standards, aligning with local regulations and urban development policies;
g) Data Governance, including data ownership definition, access control policies, data-sharing agreements
among stakeholders, and implementation of a data governance framework to ensure data quality,
accuracy, and integrity;
h) Use cases & Scenarios, such as traffic management, emergency response, environmental monitoring,
energy optimization and urban planning;
i) Training & Support;
j) Sustainability & Future-proofing.
The construction of CIM platform application scenarios covers the entire process from data source to final
user service for a given application, emphasizing high standards in aspects such as data quality, model
accuracy, functional suitability, system integration, user experience, and information security. The aim is to
ensure that CIM platform application scenarios effectively support refined urban management, intelligent
decision-making, and public services.

ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
4.3.3 Scalability and open interfaces
The application of CIM platform spans the entire process of urban development and is based on real-world
conditions.
Scalability meets the following requirements:
a) Scalability ensures that the CIM platform can handle increasing amounts of data, users, and processing
needs as the city expands or as more systems are integrated. Open interfaces ensure interoperability
and flexibility by allowing different systems and applications to communicate and work together;
b) The platform should be capable of processing and storing large volumes of data from various sources,
such as IoT devices, sensors, and city databases;
c) The platform should utilize efficient data compression techniques and indexing to improve data retrieval
times and reduce storage costs;
d) The platform should implement a distributed data architecture that can handle high data throughput
and large datasets, ensuring data processing speed remains consistent as the city grows;
e) The platform can add new servers or nodes to the system to increase capacity, provide flexibility to
grow without significant downtime;
f) The platform should allow for hardware upgrades on existing servers to enhance processing power and
memory for increased performance;e
g) The platform should use a microservices-based design where each service operates independently,
making it easier to scale specific components without affecting the entire system;
h) The platform should implement robust load balancing techniques to distribute workloads evenly across
servers, avoiding bottlenecks and ensuring high availability;
i) The platform should incorporate edge computing capabilities to process data closer to its source,
reducing latency and easing the burden on the central system.
Open interfaces meet the following requirements:
a) The platform should adhere to widely accepted data standards and protocols;
b) The platform should implement semantic data models that define clear data relationships;
c) The platform should support plug-and-play integration with 3rd party software, tools and platforms
(BIM, GIS, urban mobility, etc.);
d) The platform should leverage open-source frameworks and libraries to reduce costs and foster
community-driven development and innovation;
e) The platform should provide a rich set of development interfaces or development toolkits to support
CIM applications across various industries in smart cities;
f) It should also offer development guidelines or example files as explanatory documents;
g) The platform interfaces should be stable, open, and scalable, and should provide in the form of web API
or Software Development Kits (SDKs).
5 Data framework and modelling
Data framework and modelling refer to the digital information and virtual models that are utilized in
urban construction to describe, simulate, and analyze aspects such as urban environments, facilities, and
operational conditions. The data includes GIS data, BIM data, IoT sensing data, and business data. The
models are three-dimensional(3D) urban spatial models and urban operation simulation models that are

ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)
constructed based on these data, which are used for urban planning, construction, management, operation,
and other purposes.
5.1 General
The CIM should meet the needs of collaborative work at all stages of city development and support relevant
stakeholders to obtain, update and manage information.
Support for the entire cycle of urban development: The CIM data framework should be designed to support
the information needs of various stages, including urban planning, construction, management, and
operation. The CIM data framework should provide interactive 3D visualization tools.
Promotion of stakeholder collaboration: The CIM data framework should facilitate data sharing and
collaborative work among different stakeholders, such as governments, planners, designers, constructors,
operators, citizens, and so on. The CIM data framework should seamlessly integrate BIM models with GIS to
provide a holistic view of building structure and urban infrastructure.
Data interoperability and standardization: Data should be easily exchanged a
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ISO/TC 268/SC 1
Smart community infrastructures —
Secretariat: JISC
Guidance on data exchange
Voting begins on:
and sharing of city information
2026-04-03
modelling platform
Voting terminates on:
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Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Recommandations
relatives à l'échange et au partage de données de la plateforme
de modélisation des informations urbaines
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Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 268/SC 1
Smart community infrastructures —
Secretariat: JISC
Guidance on data exchange
Voting begins on:
and sharing of city information
modelling platform
Voting terminates on:
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Recommandations
relatives à l'échange et au partage de données de la plateforme
de modélisation des informations urbaines
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
© ISO 2026
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
be reproduced or utili
...

ISO/TC 268/SC 1
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2026-03-18
Smart community infrastructures — Guidance on data exchange and
sharing of city information modelling platform
Infrastructures urbaines intelligentes — Recommandations relatives à l'échange et au partage de données de la
plateforme de modélisation des informations urbaines
FDIS stage
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Overview of CIM platform . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 Platform architecture . 3
4.3 Implementation recommendations . 7
5 Data framework and modelling . 9
5.1 Overview . 9
5.2 Data category . 11
5.3 Data exchange and interoperability recommendations . 12
5.4 Data organization recommendations for modelling . 14
5.5 Model processing and expression . 19
5.6 Classification coding and storage . 21
6 Basic functions . 22
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Data collection and management . 22
6.3 Data query and visualization . 22
6.4 Data analysis and simulation . 23
6.5 Platform operation and service . 24
6.6 Platform development interface . 24
6.7 Security management . 25
6.8 Data exchange and sharing . 26
7 Platform development and maintenance . 26
7.1 General . 26
7.2 Software, hardware and network environment . 26
7.3 Platform maintenance management . 27
7.4 Platform security . 28
8 Inspection and evaluation . 28
8.1 General concept . 28
8.2 Basic recommendations for inspection and evaluation . 28
8.3 Inspection criterion . 29
8.4 Inspection conclusion . 29
8.5 Level evaluation . 30
Annex A (informative) Case studies . 31
Bibliography . 40

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,
Subcommittee SC 1, Smart community infrastructures.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Under the impetus of global urbanization, smart cities are increasingly becoming a new paradigm for urban
development. Through theThe deep integration of advanced Informationinformation and Communication
Technologiescommunication technologies (ICT), empowering city management, services, and sustainable
development is the inevitable direction of urban development to enhance urban operational efficiency and
quality of life.
The system of smart cities is complicated, and it is not easy to understand the whole picture. Ensuring the
maximization of the interests of numerous stakeholders in the process of achieving sustainable development,
efficiency, resilience, and security goals of urban development is also a challenge.
The city information modelling (CIM) platform, based on the basic geographic information of cities, collects
information models of buildings and infrastructures at different stages. It serves as an integrated platform for
the basic operational and information resources for urban planning, construction, management, and
operation, and. CIM is the fundamental, critical, and substantive information infrastructure of smart cities. As
the core carrier of smart city construction, its importance is self-evident and crucial for achieving intelligent
and refined urban management.
The data framework of the CIM platform integrates data resources from various departments and systems. It
enables information sharing and collaboration between different departments, establishes digital models of
various aspects of the city, and provides important support for the planning, construction, management,
operation, and development of smart cities. It also provides support for the survivalcore foundation of smart
city infrastructure in various fields such as energy, water resources, transportation, and waste. At the same
time, specifying the functions and applications of the CIM platform can optimize urban services, contribute to
achieving sustainable urban development, improve the quality of life for citizens, and promote urban
economic prosperity.
ISO/IEC 30182 focuses on the Smart City Conceptual Modelsmart city conceptual model (SCCM), which is used
to describe data from any department in the city, to discuss how to achieve interoperability between data and
addressing the lack of data interoperability. ISO 37156 focuses on the data exchange and sharing of smart city
infrastructure, offers a reference for governments, enterprises, organizations, and individuals to share urban
infrastructure data. At the same time, it also provides a set of methods for governing urban infrastructure data,
gives a unified framework for data exchange and sharing, following privacy and security principles. After the
data can be exchanged and shared under ISO 37156, the city data can be integrated through the city-level
platform, CIM, which can utilize the data value. However, there are also data exchange and sharing when data
flows ininto the CIM platform.
This document, throughby specifying the data, modelling, basic functions, platform construction, and
operation of the CIM platform, allows data to play a greater role in the development of smart cities in aspects
such as urban planning, construction, management, and operation, based on existing data and ensuring data
exchange and sharing.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 37187:2025(en)

Smart community infrastructures - — Guidance on data exchange and
sharing of city information modelling platform
1 Scope
This document provides guidance ofon the city information modelling (CIM) platform for the information
modelling process of smart city construction, operation and maintenance.
This document applies to both building and infrastructure assets and. It also applies to the management of the
CIM platform and its related applications and scenarios, including community infrastructures, such as
transportation, communication, energy, roads, and logistics, and the activities of stakeholders (both
organizations and citizens, apply) for governments, enterprises, schools, health care, and families, etc.
NOTE Annex A outlines case studies ofon data exchange and sharing ofusing the CIM platform in smart
communitycommunities.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 19101-1, Geographic information — Reference model— Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19650-1, Organization and digitization of information about buildings and civil engineering works,
including building information modelling (BIM) — Information management using building information
modelling— Part 1: Concepts and principles
ISO/IEC 20924, Internet of Things (IoT) and digital twin — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 19101-1, ISO 19650-1,
ISO/IEC 20924, ISO 19101-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
application programming interface
API
collection of invocation methods and associated parameters used by one piece of software to request actions
from another piece of software
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 18012-1:2004, 3.1.1]
3.2
building information modelling
BIM
use of a shared digital representation of an asset to facilitate design, construction, and operation processes to
form a reliable basis for decisions
[SOURCE: ISO 19650-1:2018, 3.3.14, modified — The wording "“a built asset"” has been changed to "“an
asset";”; Note 1 to entry has been removed.]
3.3
city information modelling
CIM
development of digital representations and simulations of a city made up of large quantities of geospatial data,
often including real-time data, which enable better city planning and management
Note 1 to entry: The geospatial data isare provided using an integration of building information modelling (BlM) and
geographic information systems (GlS).
Note 2 to entry: The real-time data isare obtained through extensive use of internet of things (loT) sensors within the
city.
Note 3 to entry: City city information Modellingmodelling (CIM) involves handling large amounts of big data, which is
generally brought together using cloud computing.
Note 4 to entry: Artificial intelligence is often used to generate and evaluate different scenarios using Citycity information
Modellingmodelling (CIM) data to help manage the city better.
[SOURCE: IEC SRD 63273-1:2023, 3.1.1]
3.4
digital twin
DT
w
digital representation of a target entity with data connections that enable convergence between the physical
and digital states at an appropriate rate of synchronization
Note 1 to entry: Digital twin has some or all of the capabilities of connection, integration, analysis, simulation,
visualization, optimization, collaboration, etc.
Note 2 to entry: Digital twin can provide an integrated view throughout the life cycle of the target entity.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 30173:2023, 3.1.1]
3.5
external information infrastructure
infrastructure of systems, technologies, and frameworks that support integrating and interacting a city's data
with external data sources and services
3.6
lightweight model
suitable rendering dataset after simplifying, compressing, and processing of the synthetic model’s data on
geometry, texture, attributes based on lightweighting, visual effect enhancement, and other technologies to
optimize the model’s memory usage, computation and power consumption for running on resource-
constrained devices
3.7 3.7
machine learning
ML
process of optimizing model parameters through computational techniques, such that the model's behaviour
reflects the data or experience
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 22989:2022, 3.3.5]
3.8
open data platform
a digital infrastructure of enabling the collection, storage, sharing and analysis of publicly accessible urban
data
3.9
synthetic model
outcome dataset based on format conversion, model classification and grading, data fusion, automated
modelling, semantic processing, and other technologies, containing clear semantic composition, geometric
form, attribute information, and relationship information
4 Overview of CIM platform
4.1 General
The CIM platform is a comprehensive platform that integrates multidimensional data and information of cities,
aiming to provide decision support for urban planning, construction, management, and services. The CIM
platform achieves efficient management and application of data by integrating various urban data resources,
thus facilitating sustainable urban development.
The CIM platform centralizes the management of CIM data, providing access interfaces for data and services.
The CIM platform's service scope includes but is not limited to urban planning and design, infrastructure
construction, environmental protection, public services, and emergency management. By offering data
support and analysis tools, the CIM platform assists relevant departments and enterprises in optimizing
resource allocation, enhancing urban management efficiency, and improving service quality.
The target scope of CIM platform services encompasses cities, industrial parks, parks, communities, clusters
of buildings, and individual buildings. For government and urban management departments, the CIM platform
objects maycan also include various smart facilities and systems such as railways, emergency response,
drainage, streets, parking, utilities, facilities, fire protection, communities, and industrial parks based on the
actual conditions of smart city applications.
4.2 Platform architecture
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.1 General
The CIM platform comprises five layers (device layer, data layer, service layer, application layer, and user
layer) and three supporting systems (standards and specifications system, information security system, and
operation and maintenance guarantee system). ThereHorizontally, there are dependencies between the upper
and lower layers horizontally, such as dependencies of basic resource, data, service, and function among
different layers. Vertically, there are constraints between vertical systems and related layers, such as interface
constraints, security constraints, resource constraints, performance constraints, and compatibility
constraints. Each layer carries out specific functions and tasks, and through dependency and constraint
relationships, the integrity and collaboration of the platform are ensured.
4.2.2 Device layer
The device layer serves as the physical foundation of the CIM platform, encompassing various hardware
devices such as sensors, monitoring devices, computing equipment, communication facilities, and other
hardware components.
The device layer includes IoT sensor devices, open data platform, as well as external information
infrastructure such as cloud server, cloud storage, network infrastructure, blockchain, and other related
components.
The primary function of the device layer is to collect, store, and transmit various data related to urban
operations, providing raw data sources and computing services for the data layer above.
4.2.3 Data layer
The data layer is the core of the CIM platform, responsible for storing, processing, and managing the data
within the CIM.
The data layer includes spatiotemporal fundamental data, resource survey data, IoT sensory data, public
thematic data, engineering construction project data, planning control data, outcome data, and other datasets.
Constructing the CIM platform data resource system ensures the accuracy, completeness, and availability of
data, providing data support for the services in the upper layers.
4.2.4 Service layer
The service layer provides various data processing and analysis services, serving as the middleware of the CIM
platform.
The service layer provides various common foundational computations and services, including AI-based
digital twin (DT ),, simulation, and machine learning (ML).
w
The service layer provides functionalities and services such as basic functions, data ingestion, data processing,
data fusion, data storage, model management, IoT supervision, application programming interface (API),,
visualization, dashboard, and simulation.
4.2.5 Application layer
The application layer refers to a series of applications and service components built on top of the basic
functionalities and services of the CIM platform, catering to specific urban management and decision support
demands. It serves as the implementation layer for concrete business functionalities, such as smart
government services, smart healthcare, and smart buildings applications.
The application layer should be divided into several categories, including urban planning and design
applications, construction management and engineering collaboration applications, urban management and
operation applications, public service and public participation applications, data analysis and decision support
applications, etc. These applications leverage the data and service resources provided by the CIM platform and
are extended through secondary development to establish smart applications on desktop, web, and mobile
platforms.
The application layer serves as the crucial bridge connecting the core technology of the platform with the final
user demands. By constructing specialized, customized, and user-friendly application software, general tools,
and standardized interfaces, it transforms the powerful functionalities of the CIM platform into effective
means to solve real urban problems. This fosters the scientific, refined, and intelligent management of cities,
providing application services in areas such as urban planning, construction, management, services, and
operations according to user needs.
4.2.6 User layer
The user layer represents the ultimate service recipients of the CIM platform, including government entities,
enterprises, and the general public.
The user layer includes both mobile users and static users.
The function of the user layer is to interact with the CIM platform through user interfaces to obtain the
required information and services. Users can communicate with the middleware layer via wired or wireless
networks to complete necessary tasks. The platform provides personalized tools and services tailored to the
roles of government entities, enterprises, and the general public. Additionally, it adapts to various terminals
such as large screens, PCs, and mobile devices to meet users'the needs of users for visual effects and
interaction methods.
4.2.7 Supporting systems
Supporting systems ensure that the CIM platform adheres to essential standards and fulfils fundamental
recommendations concerning its architecture, operation, and maintenance. These supporting systems
comprise three key components: the standards and specifications system, the information security system,
and the operation and maintenance guarantee system.
— — Standards and specifications system: This system specifies data standards, business standards, and
technical management to ensure the standardized operation of the CIM platform and alignment with
national and industry data standards and technical specifications.
— — Information security system: This system safeguards the data security and privacy protection of the
CIM platform to mitigate various security threats based on relevant national policies and national network
security-level protection standards.
— — Operation and maintenance guarantee system: This system ensures the stable operation of the CIM
platform's network, data, applications, and business processes, necessary technical support and the
provision of maintenance services are provided, along with the establishment of operation, update, and
security assurance systems.
TheFigure 1 illustrates the overall architecture of the CIM platform with five layers and three supporting
systems is illustrated in Figure 1. .
NOTE In Figure 1,Figure 1, the shaded area refers to the foundational part of CIM platform.
Figure 1— Architecture of CIM platform
4.3 Implementation recommendations
4.3.1 General
The purpose of construction is to promote collaboration and information sharing among stakeholders.
The CIM platform data governance project and data services should be closely intertwined with cross-
departmental business collaboration.
The data layer and the service layer are the foundation part of the CIM platform, and its design should align
with the overall framework to ensure effective integration and application of data. The CIM platform
infrastructure should meet the recommendations for data updates and business expansion.
The functions of the CIM platform include data collection and management, scenario configuration, data
querying and visualization, statistical analysis and application, data sharing and exchange, and operational
management interface. These functionalities of the CIM platform should be closely integrated with the overall
framework to achieve synergistic collaboration between different layers, thereby enhancing the overall
performance and service quality of the platform.
4.3.2 CIM platform use cases
CIM platform scenarios encompass a range of information generated by activities in various urban
infrastructure sectors. Common use cases include transportation, communication, energy, buildings, roads,
governance, schools, and households. The application of models serves the function of verifying whether the
models and their applications comply with international standards for urban development. CIM platform
applications are evaluated by stakeholders based on their professional expertise, data management, and data
interoperability.
The construction of CIM platform application scenarios should consistsconsist of the following stages:
a) a) Stakeholder analysis, including stakeholder identification, and gathering of their specific needs
and expectations;
b) b) Data recommendations and integration, including data type identification, integration support,
and data standards for interoperability;
c) c) Functional recommendations, such as data visualization, analytics and simulation, decision
support, collaboration, user interface and user experience;
d) d) Non-functional recommendations, such as scalability, performance, security, and
interoperability;
e) e) Technical architecture, including modular design architecture, cloud integration, APIs,
software development kits (SDKs,) and edge computing;
f) f) Compliance and standards, aligning with local regulations and urban development policies;
g) g) Data governance, including data ownership definition, access control policies, data-sharing
agreements among stakeholders, and implementation of a data governance framework to ensure data
quality, accuracy, and integrity;
h) h) Use cases and scenarios, such as traffic management, emergency response, environmental
monitoring, energy optimization and urban planning;
i) i) Training and support;
j) j) Sustainability and future-proofing.
The construction of CIM platform application scenarios covers the entire process from data source to final
user service for a given application, emphasizing high standards in aspects such as data quality, model
accuracy, functional suitability, system integration, user experience, and information security. The aim is to
ensure that CIM platform application scenarios effectively support refined urban management, intelligent
decision-making, and public services.
4.3.3 Scalability and open interfaces
The application of CIM platform spans the entire process of urban development and is based on real-world
conditions.
4.3.3.1 Scalability
Scalability should meet the following recommendations:
a) Scalability should ensuresensure that the CIM platform can handle increasing amounts of data, users, and
processing needs as the city expands or as more systems are integrated. Open interfaces should ensure
interoperability and flexibility by allowing different systems and applications to communicate and work
together;
b) b) The platform should be capable of processing and storing large volumes of data from various
sources, such as IoT devices, sensors, and city databases;
c) c) The platform should utilize efficient data compression techniques and indexing to improve
data retrieval times and reduce storage costs;
d) d) The platform should implement a distributed data architecture that can handle high data
throughput and large datasets, ensuring data processing speed remains consistent as the city grows;
e) e) The platform can add new servers or nodes to the system to increase capacity, provide
flexibility to grow without significant downtime;
f) f) The platform should allow for hardware upgrades on existing servers to enhance processing
power and memory for increased performance;
g) g) The platform should use a microservices-based design where each service operates
independently, making it easier to scale specific components without affecting the entire system;
h) h) The platform should implement robust load balancing techniques to distribute workloads
evenly across servers, avoiding bottlenecks and ensuring high availability;
i) i) The platform should incorporate edge computing capabilities to process data closer to its
source, reducing latency and easing the burden on the central system.
4.3.3.2 Open interfaces
Open interfaces should meet the following recommendations:
a) a) The platform should adhere to widely accepted data standards and protocols;
b) b) The platform should implement semantic data models that define clear data relationships;
c) c) The platform should support plug-and-play integration with 3rd third-party software, tools
and platforms (BIM, GIS, urban mobility, etc.);
d) d) The platform should leverage open-source frameworks and libraries to reduce costs and foster
community-driven development and innovation;
e) e) The platform should provide a rich set of development interfaces or development toolkits to
support CIM applications across various industries in smart cities;
f) f) The platform developer should offer development guidance or example files as explanatory
documents;
g) g) The platform interfaces should be stable, open, and scalable, and provide in the form of web
API or software development kits (SDKs).
5 Data framework and modelling
5.1 Overview
5.1.1 General
Data framework and modelling refer to the digital information and virtual models that are utilized in urban
construction to describe, simulate, and analyse aspects such as urban environments, facilities, and operational
conditions. The data includes GIS data, BIM data, IoT sensing data, and business data. The models are three-
dimensional (3D) urban spatial models and urban operation simulation models that are constructed based on
these data, which are used for urban planning, construction, management, operation, and other purposes.
The CIM should meet the needs of collaborative work at all stages of city development and support relevant
stakeholders to obtain, update and manage information.
Support for the entire cycle of urban development: The CIM data framework should be designed to support
the information needs of various stages, including urban planning, construction, management, and operation.
The CIM data framework should provide interactive 3D visualization tools.
Promotion of stakeholder collaboration: The CIM data framework should facilitate data sharing and
collaborative work among different stakeholders, such as governments, planners, designers, constructors,
operators, citizens, and so on. The CIM data framework should seamlessly integrate BIM models with GIS to
provide a holistic view of building structure and urban infrastructure.
Data interoperability and standardization: Data should be easily exchanged and used across different software
and systems, adhering to international standards and protocols. The CIM data framework should support data
standardization and federation.
Possession of scalability and flexibility: The data framework should be able to adapt to new data types,
sources, and application scenarios based on changing urban environments and emerging technologies, while
maintaining the stability of its core structure and functionality. The CIM data framework should support
various data sources integration and storage.
The CIM data framework should support multiple levels of the CIM, and should incorporate predictive and
perspective analytics using AI and ML.
5.1.2 Data resources
The following data resources should be considered:
— Spatiotemporal basic data: Including geospatial data, time series data, surveying and remote sensing data,
and 3D model data.
— Resource survey data: Including land survey data, geological survey data, cultivated land resource data,
water resource data, housing census data, and municipal facility census data.
— Planning control data: Including development evaluation data, jurisdictional boundary, and territorial
spatial planning data.
— Engineering construction project data: Including 3D BIM models of buildings and infrastructure, project
approval and land use planning permit data, construction engineering planning permit data, construction
permit data, and construction acceptance data, and historical data.
— Public thematic data: Including social data, legal entity data, population data, address data, and
macroeconomic data.
— IoT perception data: Including monitoring data from buildings, municipal facilities, meteorology,
transportation, and ecological environment, and urban security data.
— Outcome data: Including synthesis model data and presentation model data.
5.1.3 Model delivery and management
The following considerations should be taken into account:
— Model ownership and status: Record theThe creator, owner, and the current status of the model should be
recorded.
— Model version control: Manage theThe version history of the model, including timestamps for creation,
modification, and approval, should be managed.
— Software and tools: Document theThe software and tools used to create and modify the model, along with
their corresponding version numbers, should be documented.
— Data exchange format: Define standardStandard data exchange formats should be defined to ensure model
compatibility across different platforms.
5.1.4 Data interoperability guidance
ComplianceThe following considerations should be taken into account:
— Conformance with international standards: The data framework and interoperability protocols should
refer to ISO/IEC 30182.
— Protocol negotiation: Negotiate dataData interoperability protocols should be negotiated with relevant
stakeholders to clarify the specific content, format, and reception conditions of interactive data in cases of
insufficient standards or specific demands.
— Data exchange and sharing: Establish dataData exchange platforms should be established to promote data
sharing and collaborative work.
— Data formats and models: Use semanticSemantic data models that provide a common structure and
meaning to data (e.g.,. ontology-based models). Adopt standard) should be used. Standard APIs and data
schemas that simplify data sharing and integration should be adopted.
— Open data: Implement openOpen data policies that allow data to be shared easily with the public or
authorized third parties while maintaining data security and privacy. should be implemented. Open data
standards promote transparency, reduce vendor lock-in, and enable collaboration among multiple
stakeholders.
— Modularity and scalability: Modular Designdesign protocols, so new data types, devices, or systems can be
added without disrupting the existing infrastructure. EnsureIt should be ensured that the protocol
supports scalability to accommodate the growing data needs of smart cities and telecom networks.
5.2 Data category
5.2.1 General
On the CIM platform, data should be categorized and managed based on their diverse sources and features.
These key categories include GIS, BIM, IoT, and business data types.
5.2.2 GIS data
GIS data should adhere to internationally recognized standard formats to ensure compatibility and
interoperability.
GIS data should accurately reflect and describe information concerning the location, shape, and attributes of
various natural and social elements. These elements include earth surface measurement control points, water
bodies, residential areas and facilities, transportation networks, pipelines, boundaries, administrative
divisions, topography, vegetation and soil types, cadastral data, and place names.
The sources of GIS data include satellite remote sensing, oblique photography, digital elevation models, laser
scanning point clouds, and topographic maps.
Spatial reference should consider factors such as element accuracy, location, application scenario, etc. and
select the appropriate geographical coordinate system and elevation datum.
5.2.3 BIM data
BIM data formats should adhere to internationally recognized standard formats to ensure the accuracy of
information exchange.
The source of BIM models includes buildings, buildings’ units and floors, transportation infrastructure,
municipal facilities, pipelines and utility corridors, and underground spaces. It also includes various phases of
engineering projects such as design, construction, operations, and maintenance.
BIM models should be capable of depicting the 3D framework of entities, including their internal and external
surfaces, to meet the geometric accuracy required for spatial occupancy and functional zoning.
BIM models should require necessary checks for geometric accuracy, informational precision, and verification
of interrelationships to accurately replicate the actual conditions on site.
The depth of attribute expression in BIM models should include information on the identity of model elements,
project details, organizational roles, relationships between physical systems, composition and materials, and
performance or properties.
5.2.4 IoT data
IoT data includes IoT perception device data accessed via various protocols including Message Queuing
Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.
IoT data includes thematic monitoring data from critical sectors such as urban safety, ecological environments,
urban transportation, city administration, buildings, municipal infrastructure, meteorology, and public
services.
IoT data should include device classification information such as type, geographic location, and departmental
association to categorycategorize the devices. Static information for perception devices should include details
like device ID, name, associated area, installation site, longitude, latitude, and altitude. Dynamic information
for perception devices should include monitoring data, online and offline status data, and any alarm data
generated.
The data should include all types of information gathered by perception devices, ranging from numerical
values, such as temperature, humidity, location, pressure, and intensity to multimedia information, such as
images and sounds, as well as illuminance, and brightness such as images and sounds.
IoT data from identical types of devices should adhere to a uniform data format standard.
5.2.5 Business data
The collection, storage, and exchange of business data should follow a unified standardized process to ensure
data consistency and interoperability.
Other data includes administrative approval data, resource survey data, socio-economic data, and public
thematic data from various business systems, excluding GIS, BIM, and IoT data.
5.3 Data exchange and interoperability recommendations
5.3.1 General
Data exchange and interoperability should refer to ISO 37156.
5.3.2 Data exchange recommendations
DataFor data exchange should meet, the following recommendations should be taken into account:
a) a) The data model implemented accurately representsshould represent the entities,
relationships, and attributes used in different systems;
b) b) The data formats and protocols should support common data exchange formats like eXtensible
Markup Language (XML), Resource Description Framework (RDF),) and JavaScript Object Notation
(JSON) to facilitate structured data communication. Utilize communicationCommunication protocols such
as Representational State Transfer (RESTful) APIs, Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP,), MQTT, or Open
Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) should be used to enable real-time data
exchange;
c) c) Establish mechanismsMechanisms to validate, cleanse, and standardize data before it is shared
or integrated into the CIM platform should be established to maintain high data quality.;;
d) d) Use strongStrong encryption methods (e.g.,. SSL/TLS or LS) to protect data during
transmission between systems should be used to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches;
e) e) Implement accessAccess control mechanisms, authentication, and authorization protocols
should be implemented to ensure that only authorized use
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