ISO/ASTM 51940:2022
(Main)Guidance for dosimetry for sterile insects release programs
Guidance for dosimetry for sterile insects release programs
1.1 This document outlines dosimetric procedures to be followed for the radiation-induced reproductive sterilization of live insects for use in pest management programs. The primary use of such insects is in the Sterile Insect Technique, where large numbers of reproductively sterile insects are released into the field to mate with and thus control pest populations of the same species. A secondary use of sterile insects is as benign hosts for rearing insect parasitoids. A third use is for testing detection traps for fruit flies and moths, and testing mating disruption products for moths. The procedures outlined in this document will help ensure that insects processed with ionizing radiation from gamma, electron, or X-ray sources receive absorbed doses within a predetermined range. Information on effective dose ranges for specific applications of insect sterilization, or on methodology for determining effective dose ranges, is not within the scope of this document. NOTE 1—Dosimetry is only one component of a total quality assurance program to ensure that irradiated insects are adequately sterilized and fully competitive or otherwise suitable for their intended purpose. 1.2 This document provides information on dosimetry for the irradiation of insects for these types of irradiators: selfcontained dry-storage 137Cs or 60Co irradiators, self-contained low-energy X-ray irradiators (maximum processing energies from 150 keV to 300 keV), large-scale gamma irradiators, and electron accelerators (electron and X-ray modes). NOTE 2—Additional, detailed information on dosimetric procedures to be followed in installation qualification, operational qualification, performance qualification, and routine product processing can be found in ISO/ASTM Practices 51608 (X-ray [bremsstrahlung] facilities processing at energies over 300 keV), 51649 (electron beam facilities), 51702 (large-scale gamma facilities), and 52116 (self-contained dry-storage gamma facilities), and in Ref (1)2 (self-contained X-ray facilities). 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except for the non-SI units of minute (min) hour (h) and day (d). These non-SI units are accepted for use within the SI system. 1.4 This document is one of a set of standards that provides recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628. 1.5 The absorbed dose for insect sterilization is typically within the range of 20 Gy to 600 Gy. 1.6 This document refers, throughout the text, specifically to reproductive sterilization of insects. It is equally applicable to radiation sterilization of invertebrates from other taxa (for example, Acarina, Gastropoda) and to irradiation of live insects or other invertebrates for other purposes (for example, inducing mutations), provided the absorbed dose is within the range specified in 1.5. 1.7 This document also covers the use of radiation-sensitive indicators for the visual and qualitative indication that the insects have been irradiated (see ISO/ASTM Guide 51539). 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Lignes directrices de la dosimétrie pour des programmes de lâchers d’insectes stériles
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO/ASTM
STANDARD 51940
Fourth edition
2022-08
Guidance for dosimetry for sterile
insects release programs
Lignes directrices de la dosimétrie pour des programmes de lâchers
d’insectes stériles
Reference number
© ISO/ASTM International 2022
© ISO/ASTM International 2022
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ii
© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
1 Scope. 1
2 Referenced documents. 2
3 Terminology. 2
4 Significance and use. 4
5 Types of facilities and modes of operation. 4
6 Radiation source characteristics. 5
7 Dosimetry systems. 6
8 Installation and operational qualification. 7
9 Performance qualification. 8
10 Routine product processing. 9
11 Measurement uncertainty. 10
12 Keywords. 10
Annex. 11
Table 1 Examples of reference-standard dosimetry systems. 6
Table 2 Examples of routine dosimetry systems. 7
Table A1.1 Recommended Procedures. 11
© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved iii
Foreword
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(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO documents should be noted. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
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participation from affected stakeholders. ASTM technical committees follow rigorous due process balloting
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This document was prepared by ASTM Committee E61 Radiation Processing and by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 85, nuclear energy, nuclear technologies and radiological protection.
Thisfourtheditioncancelsandreplacesthethirdedition(ISO/ASTM51940:2013),whichhasbeentechnically
revised.
iv © ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Standard Guidance for
Dosimetry for Sterile Insect Release Programs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51940; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
INTRODUCTION
Thepurposeofthisdocumentistopresentinformationontheuseofionizingenergy(radiation)for
the radiation-induced reproductive sterilization of live insects for use in pest management programs.
This document is intended to serve as a recommendation to be followed when using irradiation
technology where approved by an appropriate regulatory authority. It is not to be construed as a
requirement for the use of irradiation nor as a required code of practice. While the use of irradiation
involves certain essential requirements to attain the objective of the treatment, some parameters can
be varied in optimizing the process.
mance qualification, and routine product processing can be found in
1. Scope
ISO/ASTM Practices 51608 (X-ray [bremsstrahlung] facilities processing
1.1 This document outlines dosimetric procedures to be
at energies over 300 keV), 51649 (electron beam facilities), 51702
followed for the radiation-induced reproductive sterilization of
(large-scale gamma facilities), and 52116 (self-contained dry-storage
gamma facilities), and in Ref (1) (self-contained X-ray facilities).
liveinsectsforuseinpestmanagementprograms.Theprimary
use of such insects is in the Sterile Insect Technique, where
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
largenumbersofreproductivelysterileinsectsarereleasedinto
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
the field to mate with and thus control pest populations of the
standard except for the non-SI units of minute (min) hour (h)
same species. A secondary use of sterile insects is as benign
and day (d).These non-SI units are accepted for use within the
hosts for rearing insect parasitoids. A third use is for testing
SI system.
detection traps for fruit flies and moths, and testing mating
1.4 This document is one of a set of standards that provides
disruption products for moths. The procedures outlined in this
recommendations for properly implementing and utilizing
document will help ensure that insects processed with ionizing
radiation processing. It is intended to be read in conjunction
radiation from gamma, electron, or X-ray sources receive
with ISO/ASTM Practice 52628.
absorbed doses within a predetermined range. Information on
1.5 The absorbed dose for insect sterilization is typically
effective dose ranges for specific applications of insect
within the range of 20 Gy to 600 Gy.
sterilization, or on methodology for determining effective dose
ranges, is not within the scope of this document.
1.6 Thisdocumentrefers,throughoutthetext,specificallyto
NOTE 1—Dosimetry is only one component of a total quality assurance
reproductive sterilization of insects. It is equally applicable to
programtoensurethatirradiatedinsectsareadequatelysterilizedandfully
radiation sterilization of invertebrates from other taxa (for
competitive or otherwise suitable for their intended purpose.
example,Acarina,Gastropoda)andtoirradiationofliveinsects
1.2 This document provides information on dosimetry for
or other invertebrates for other purposes (for example, induc-
the irradiation of insects for these types of irradiators: self-
ing mutations), provided the absorbed dose is within the range
137 60
contained dry-storage Cs or Co irradiators, self-contained
specified in 1.5.
low-energy X-ray irradiators (maximum processing energies
1.7 Thisdocumentalsocoverstheuseofradiation-sensitive
from 150 keV to 300 keV), large-scale gamma irradiators, and
indicators for the visual and qualitative indication that the
electron accelerators (electron and X-ray modes).
insects have been irradiated (see ISO/ASTM Guide 51539).
NOTE 2—Additional, detailed information on dosimetric procedures to
be followed in installation qualification, operational qualification, perfor-
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
This document is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.04 on Specialty
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Application, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
Current edition approved May 20, 2022. Published August 2022. Originally
published as ASTM E 1940–98. The present International Standard ISO/ASTM
51940:2022(E) replaces and is a major revision of the last previous edition Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof
ISO/ASTM 51940:2013(E). this standard.
© ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- ISO 12749-4Nuclear energy – Vocabulary – Part 4: Dosim-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- etry for radiation processing
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
2.5 Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Reports:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
JCGM 100:2008, GUM 1995, with minor corrections,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Evaluation of measurement data – Guide to the Expres-
sion of Uncertainty in Measurement
2. Referenced documents
JCGM 200:2012, VIMInternational Vocabulary of Metrol-
3 7
2.1 ASTM Standards: ogy – Basic and General Concepts andAssociatedTerms
E3083Terminology Relating to Radiation Processing: Do-
3. Terminology
simetry and Applications
2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards: 3.1 Definitions:
51261Practice for Calibration of Routine Dosimetry Sys- 3.1.1 absorbed dose (D)—quotient of dε¯ by dm, where dε¯ is
tems for Radiation Processing the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of
51275Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film Dosimetry mass dm thus
System
D5 dε¯/dm
51310Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Optical Wave-
3.1.1.1 Discussion—TheSIunitofabsorbeddoseisthegray
guide Dosimetry System
(Gy),where1grayisequivalenttotheabsorptionof1jouleper
51539Guide for Use of Radiation-Sensitive Indicators
kilogram of the specified material (1 Gy=1J/ kg).
51607Practice for Use of an Alanine-EPR Dosimetry Sys-
3.1.2 absorbed-dose mapping—measurement of absorbed-
tem
dose within an irradiated product to produce a one-, two- or
51608PracticeforDosimetryinanX-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)
three-dimensionaldistributionofabsorbeddose,thusrendering
Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 50
a map of absorbed-dose values.
keV and 7.5 MeV
˙
3.1.3 absorbed-dose rate, D—absorbed dose in a material
51649Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility
per incremental time interval, that is, the quotient of dD by dt.
for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 300 keV
−1
Also see ASTM Terminology E3083. The SI unit is Gy·s
and 25 MeV
51702Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Facility for
˙
D5 dD/dt
Radiation Processing
3.1.3.1 Discussion—The absorbed-dose rate can be speci-
51707Guide for Estimation of Measurement Uncertainty in
fied in terms of its average value over long-time intervals, for
Dosimetry for Radiation Processing −1 −1
example in units of Gy·min or Gy·h
51956PracticeforUseofaThermoluminescence-Dosimetry
3.1.4 approved laboratory—laboratory that is a recognized
System (TLD System) for Radiation Processing
nationalmetrologyinstitute,orhasbeenformallyaccreditedto
52116Practice for Dosimetry for a Self-Contained Dry-
ISO/IEC 17025, or has a quality system consistent with the
Storage Gamma-Ray Irradiator
requirements of ISO/IEC 17025.
52303Guide forAbsorbed-Dose Mapping in Radiation Pro-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—A recognized national metrology insti-
cessing Facilities
tute or other calibration laboratory accredited to ISO/IEC
52628Practice for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing
17025 should be used in order to ensure traceability to a
52701Guide for Performance Characterization of Dosim-
national o
...
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