ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz

ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating as an active RF tag in the 433 MHz band used in item management applications. It provides a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO technical committees developing RFID application standards. ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. It defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum power, spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.

Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Partie 7: Paramètres de communications actives d'une interface radio à 433 MHz

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Sep-2014
• ICS: 35.040 - Information coding
• ICS: 35.040.50 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Technical Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31 - Automatic identification and data capture techniques
• Drafting Committee: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4 - Radio communications
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 06-Jun-2020

Relations

• Revises: ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009 - Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
• Effective Date: 11-Sep-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 18000-7
Fourth edition
2014-09-01
Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item
management —
Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface
communications at 433 MHz
Technologies de l’information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d’objets —
Partie 7: Paramètres de communications actives d’une interface radio
à 433 MHz
Reference number
ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2014

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/IEC 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO/IEC 2014 – All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 RF emissions general population . 1
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting . 1
2.3 Command structure and extensibility . 1
2.4 Mandatory commands . 2
2.5 Optional commands . 2
2.6 Custom commands . 2
2.7 Proprietary commands . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 3
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
6 433,92 MHz active narrowband specification . 3
6.1 Physical layer . 3
6.2 Data Link layer . 4
6.3 Tag commands .16
6.4 Tag collection and collision arbitration .50
6.5 Multi-packet UDB Collection .53
6.6 Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) parameters .55
6.7 Security architecture.59
7 Extended Mode .78
7.1 General description .78
7.2 Physical (PHY) Layer.81
7.3 MAC Layer .86
7.4 Application layer Framework .111
Annex A (normative) Co-existence of different application standards based on ISO/IEC 18000-7.
188
Annex B (informative) Derivation of Session Key K Using SHA-1 .190
S
Annex C (informative) Overview of PKI and Digital Certificates .191
Annex D (normative) Implementation of ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-7 Sensors into ISO/IEC 18000-7 .193
Annex E (informative) Example of ISO 15962, 6-bit Encoded Data on an ISO/IEC 18000-7 Tag .200
Bibliography .202
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical
activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the
work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee,
ISO/IEC JTC 1.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for
the different types of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction
and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information
technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009), which has been
technically revised and extended.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
— Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
— Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
— Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
— Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
— Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz General
— Part 61: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type A
— Part 62: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type B
— Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type C
— Part 64: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type D
— Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to address radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
operating in the 433 MHz frequency band, providing an air interface implementation for wireless, non-
contact information system equipment for item management applications. Typical applications operate
at ranges greater than one metre.
The RFID system includes a host system and RFID equipment (interrogator and tags). The host system
runs an application program, which controls interfaces with the RFID equipment. The RFID equipment
is composed of two principal components: tags and interrogators. The tag is intended for attachment
to an item, which a user wishes to manage. It is capable of storing a tag serial number and other data
regarding the tag or item and of communicating this information to the interrogator. The interrogator
is a device, which communicates to tags in its RF communication range. The interrogator controls
the protocol, reads information from the tag, directs the tag to store data in some cases, and ensures
message delivery and validity. This system uses an active tag.
RFID systems defined by this part of ISO/IEC 18000 provide the following minimum features:
— identify tag in range;
— read data;
— write data or handle read-only systems gracefully;
— selection by group or address;
— graceful handling of multiple tags in the field of view;
— error detection.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 consists of two modes, Base and Extended. The following simplified
differences should be drawn between the two modes:
— Base Mode defined in clause 6 is backwards compatible and includes all features described in the
last revision of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 (ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009) with the addition of security
features as described in clause 6.7.
— Extended Mode defined in clause 7 is new to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Extended Mode presents
a new communication protocol stack (PHY, MAC and Application layers) and provides an extended
feature set that addresses more complex user and deployment requirements.
Substantive differences exist between Base Mode and Extended Mode across all layers of the
communication protocol (PHY, MAC and Application). However, both modes may co-exist in any given
physical environment.
All parties are directed to consider carefully their use model before determining the most appropriate
mode.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the
use of patents concerning radio frequency identification technology.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences
under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world.
In this respect, the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO and IEC.
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Information on the declared patents may be obtained from:
Patent Holder:
Legal Name CISC Semiconductor GmbH
Contact for license application:
Name & Department Markus Pistauer, CEO
Address Lakeside B07
Address 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-mail [e-mail]
URL (optional) www.cisc.at
Patent Holder:
Legal Name Impinj, Inc.
Contact for license application:
Name & Department Stacy Jones
Address 701 N 34th Street, Suite 300
Address Seattle, WA 98103, USA
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-mail [e-mail]
URL (optional) www.impinj.com
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
any or all such patent rights.
The latest information on IP that may be applicable to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 can be found at www.
iso.org/patents.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)
Information technology — Radio frequency identification
for item management —
Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface communications at 433
MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices
operating as an active RF tag in the 433 MHz band used in item management applications. It provides
a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO technical committees
developing RFID application standards. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to allow for compatibility
and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international
marketplace. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the forward and return link parameters for technical
attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied
channel bandwidth, maximum power, spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate,
bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop
rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 further defines the
communications protocol used in the air interface.
2 Conformance
The rules for evaluation of RFID device conformity to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 are defined in
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7.
2.1 RF emissions general population
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions do not exceed the maximum permitted exposure limits recommended
by either IEEE C95.1:2005 or ICNIRP according to IEC 62369-1. If a device manufacturer is unsure which
recommendation is to be cited for compliance, the manufacturer shall declare on their own responsibility
to ICNIRP limits.
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions and susceptibility comply with IEC 60601-1-2.
2.3 Command structure and extensibility
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 includes a definition of the structure of command codes between an
interrogator and a tag and indicates how many positions are available for future extensions.
Command specification clauses provide a full definition of the command and its presentation.
Each command is labelled as being “mandatory” or “optional”.
The clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 make provisions for “custom” and “proprietary” commands.
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

2.4 Mandatory commands
A mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant and all interrogators
which claim compliance shall support all mandatory commands.
2.5 Optional commands
Optional commands are commands that are specified as such within this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
Interrogators shall be technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in
this part of ISO/IEC 18000 (although they need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support
optional commands.
If an optional command is used, it shall be implemented in the manner specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000.
2.6 Custom commands
Custom commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not
specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command
defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. An interrogator shall use a custom command
only in accordance with the specifications of the tag manufacturer.
2.7 Proprietary commands
Proprietary commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not
specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional
command defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. All proprietary commands
shall be disabled before the tag leaves the tag manufacturer. Proprietary commands are intended for
manufacturing purposes and shall not be used in field-deployed RFID systems.
3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin
alphabet No. 1
ISO/IEC 15459 (all parts), Information technology — Unique identifiers
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques
— Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC
ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques
— Harmonized vocabulary — Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID)
IEC 62369-1, Ed. 1.0, Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices
(SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz — Part 1: Fields produced by
devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification and similar systems
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

IEC 60601-1-2, Medical electrical equipment — Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential
performance — Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility — Requirements and tests
ICNIRP Guidelines, Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic
fields (up to 300 GHz), International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
IEEE C95.1:2005, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz
IEEE Std 802.15.4, IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless
Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs)
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and ISO/IEC 19762-
3 apply.
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, all symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and
ISO/IEC 19762-3 shall apply.
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AES-CBC Advanced Encryption Standard – Cipher Block Chaining
HMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code
LR-WPAN Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PMK Pairwise Master Key
PSK Pre-shared Key
SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm – 1
HB2-128 Hummingbird2 128-bit key cipher
6 433,92 MHz active narrowband specification
6.1 Physical layer
The RF communication link between interrogator and tag shall utilize a narrow band UHF frequency
with the following nominal characteristics:
Carrier Frequency 433,92 MHz
Modulation Type FSK
Frequency Deviation +/- 50 kHz
Symbol LOW fc +50 kHz
Symbol HIGH fc -50 kHz
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Data Modulation Rate 27,7 kHz
Wake up Signal Modulation with 31,25 kHz square wave signal followed by modulation with 10 kHz
square wave signal
For detailed physical layer specifications, see section 6.6.
The Wake Up Signal shall be transmitted by the interrogator for a minimum of 2,45 seconds to wake
up all tags within communication range. The Wake Up Signal shall consist of a 2,35 to 4,8-second 31,25
kHz square wave modulated signal called the “Wake Up Header” immediately followed by a 0,1-second
10 kHz square wave modulated signal called the “Co-Header.” Upon detection and by completion of the
Wake Up Signal all tags shall enter into the Ready state awaiting a command from the interrogator. See
Figure 1. A tag has two states, awake/ready and asleep. During the ready state, the tags will accept the
valid commands from interrogators and respond accordingly. When the tag is asleep, it will ignore all
commands.
Figure 1 — Wake Up Signal
Once awoken, the tag shall stay awake for a minimum of 30 seconds after receipt of the last well-formed
message packet consisting of a valid Protocol ID, command code, and CRC values, unless the interrogator
otherwise commands the tag to sleep. If no well-formed command message is received within the 30
seconds, the tag will transition to the sleep state and SHALL no longer respond to command messages
from Interrogators.
The communication between interrogator and tag shall be of the Master-Slave type, where the
interrogator shall initiate communications and then listen for a response from a tag. Multiple response
transmissions from tags shall be controlled by the collection algorithm described in 6.4.
6.2 Data Link layer
6.2.1 General
Data between interrogator and tag shall be transmitted in packet format. A packet shall be comprised of
a preamble, data bytes and a final end period. The last two level changes of the preamble shall indicate
the end of the preamble and beginning of the first data byte. The same two level changes of the preamble
also indicate the originator of the data packet. Data bytes shall be sent in Manchester code format.
Transmission order shall be most significant byte first; within a byte, the order shall be least significant
bit first. Figure 2 illustrates the logic levels for the data communication timing of the preamble and the
first byte of a packet.
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

NOTE Data byte transmitted order is most significant byte first; within each byte the order is least significant
bit first. A 15 µs logic low level precedes the first preamble cycle. Byte shown is code 0xC6.
Figure 2 — Data communication timing
6.2.2 Preamble
The preamble shall be comprised of twenty (20) cycles of 60 µs period, 30 µs high and 30 µs low, followed
by two final level changes which identifies the communication direction: 42 µs high, 54 µs low (tag to
interrogator); or 54 µs high, 54 µs low (interrogator to tag). Refer to Figure 2 above.
6.2.3 Data bytes
Data bytes shall be in Manchester code format, each byte is comprised of 8 data bits and one stop bit. The
bit period shall be 36 µs, the total byte period shall be 324 µs. A falling edge in the centre of the bit-time
indicates a 0 bit, a rising edge indicates a 1 bit. The stop bit is coded as a zero bit.
6.2.4 Packet end period
A final period of 36 µs of continuous logic low, followed by a logic low to logic high transition, followed
by continuous logic high for a minimum of 15 µs shall be transmitted after the last Manchester encoded
bit within the packet.
6.2.5 Interrogator-to-tag message format
Tags shall recognize the interrogator-to-tag message format described in Table 1 and Table 2:
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

Table 1 — Interrogator-to-tag command format (broadcast)
Protocol ID Packet Packet Session ID Command Command Argu- CRC
Options ments
Length Code
0x40 1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte N bytes 2 bytes
Table 2 — Interrogator-to-tag command format (point-to-point)
Protocol Packet Packet Tag Tag Serial Session ID Command Command CRC
ID Options Number Arguments
Length Manufacturer Code
ID
0x40 1 byte 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 2 Bytes 1 byte N bytes 2 bytes
See Annex A for other alternative application specific standards, which are identified with their
respective Protocol ID.
6.2.5.1 Protocol ID
The protocol ID field allows different application standards based on this part of ISO/IEC 18000
(“derived application standards”) to be developed. All derived application standards shall share the
same physical layer protocols, but their command/response structure/field and command sets may
vary depending on the application. The three basic commands (“Collection with Universal Data Block”,
“Sleep” and “Sleep All But”) defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall be supported by all derived
application standards. All other commands required by this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall be supported by
this part of ISO/IEC 18000 compliant products, but not necessarily by products compliant with derived
application standards.
When the interrogator sends out a Wake Up Signal all tags based on the air interface of this part of
ISO/IEC 18000 and derived standards shall wake up.
The interrogator may send out various commands as specified by the application. In the event that
the interrogator wants to inventory all the active tags within its range, it shall send out a Collection
command as defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000. All tags adhering to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 or
derived application standards shall respond to this basic Collection command. A tag shall respond
with the collection response defined by the tag’s own application data link layer standard (this part
of ISO/IEC 18000 or derived standard). The tags shall also accept the Sleep commands (“Sleep” and
“Sleep All But”) defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000. The co-existence of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 and
derived standards is illustrated in Annex A.
6.2.5.2 Packet Options
Table 3 — Packet options field
Bit
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
a
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved 1 0= Broadcast (Tag serial number and Reserved
Tag manufacturer ID not present)
1= Point to Point (Tag serial number
and tag manufacturer ID present)
a
Bit 2 of the “packet oiptions field” has a fixed value of “1” for backwards compatibility.
The Packet Options field, described in Table 3, shall be used to indicate the presence of the Tag serial
number and Tag manufacturer ID fields within the command message (packet). As indicated in Table 4,
a particular command can be point-to-point or broadcast. The command type is indicated as follows:
— Point-to-point only, Packet Option field Bit 1 must be set to 1.
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ISO/IEC 18000-7:2014(E)

— Broadcast only and Packet Option field Bit 1 must be set to 0.
Reserved bits are for future use. The default value shall be “0”.
6.2.5.3 Packet Length
The packet length field shall be used to indicate the full length of the message in bytes
...

DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7
ISO/IEC JTC 1 Secretariat: ANSI

Voting begins on Voting terminates on
2013-01-16 2013-04-16
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ПО СТАНДАРТИЗАЦИИ • ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION • МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОТЕХНИЧЕСКАЯ КОММИСИЯ • COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE


Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management —
Part 7:
Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence (RFID) pour la gestion d'objets —
Partie 7: Paramètres de communications actives d'une interface d'air à 433 MHz
[Revision of third edition (ISO/IEC 18000-7:2009)]
ICS 35.040



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THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY NOT BE
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©
International Electrotechnical Commission, 2013

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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

Copyright notice
This ISO document is a Draft International Standard and is copyright-protected by ISO. Except as permitted
under the applicable laws of the user's country, neither this ISO draft nor any extract from it may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission being secured.
Requests for permission to reproduce should be addressed to either ISO at the address below or ISO's
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Reproduction may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement.
Violators may be prosecuted.
ii © ISO/IEC 2013 — All rights reserved

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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

Contents Page
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 RF emissions general population . 1
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting . 1
2.3 Command structure and extensibility . 1
2.4 Mandatory commands . 2
2.5 Optional commands . 2
2.6 Custom commands . 2
2.7 Proprietary commands . 2
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 3
5 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 3
6 433,92 MHz active narrowband specification . 3
6.1 Physical layer . 3
6.2 Data Link layer . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 Preamble. 5
6.2.3 Data bytes. 5
6.2.4 Packet end period . 5
6.2.5 Interrogator-to-tag message format . 6
6.2.6 Tag-to-interrogator message format . 9
6.3 Tag commands . 16
6.3.1 Collection with Universal Data Block (UDB) . 16
6.3.2 Sleep . 21
6.3.3 Sleep all but . 22
6.3.4 Security commands . 22
6.3.5 Transit information commands . 26
6.3.6 Manufacturing Information Commands . 28
6.3.7 Memory commands . 29
6.3.8 Delete Writeable Data . 31
6.3.9 Read Universal Data Block . 32
6.3.10 Database table commands . 33
6.3.11 Beep ON/OFF . 50
6.3.12 Sensor implementation . 51
6.4 Tag collection and collision arbitration . 52
6.5 Multi-packet UDB Collection . 55
6.6 Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) parameters . 57
6.6.1 Interrogator to tag link . 57
6.6.2 Tag to interrogator link . 59
6.6.3 Protocol parameters . 60
6.6.4 Anti-collision parameters . 60
6.7 Security architecture . 61
6.7.1 Mutual Authentication . 61
6.7.2 Frame Security . 78
6.7.3 Tag Data Access . 81
7 Extended Mode . 82
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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

7.1 General description . 82
7.1.1 Architecture . 83
7.1.2 Extended mode components . 84
7.2 Physical (PHY) Layer . 85
7.2.1 Spectrum Utilization and Channels . 85
7.2.2 Channel Classes . 86
7.2.3 CCA Process . 88
7.2.4 PHY Layer Packet Structure . 88
7.2.5 Payload Length . 89
7.3 MAC Layer . 89
7.3.1 Requirements of industrial and other application domains - IEEE 802.15.4e-2012 Features . 89
7.3.2 MAC frame formats . 90
7.3.3 General MAC frame format . 91
7.3.4 Channel Access . 97
7.3.5 Data transfer model . 98
7.3.6 MAC Security . 101
7.3.7 Wake on Mechanisms . 106
7.3.8 Preamble . 109
7.3.9 Data bytes . 109
7.3.10 Packet end period . 109
7.4 Application layer Framework . 117
7.4.1 General Application data packet format . 118
7.4.2 Extended protocol ID . 118
7.4.3 Creating a wireless network . 119
7.4.4 ISO18000-7 Application Support . 119
7.4.5 Extended Services . 166
7.4.6 Sensor Interface . 176
7.4.7 Security Services . 181
7.4.8 Alternate Addressing . 200
Annex A (normative) Co-existence of different application standards based on ISO/IEC 18000-7 . 201
Annex B (informative) Derivation of Session Key K Using SHA-1 . 203
S
B.1 Introduction . 203
B.2 Parameters . 203
Annex C (informative) Overview of PKI and Digital Certificates . 204
C.1 PKI Terminology . 204
C.2 PKI Algorithms . 205
Annex D (Normative) Implementation of ISO/IEC/IEEE 21451-7 Sensors into ISO/IEC 18000-7 . 206
D.1 Introduction . 206
D.2 Extended Services Architecture . 206
D.3 Extended Service ID . 207
D.4 Extended Service Command . 207
D.5 Bit Padding of Extended Service Payload . 208
D.6 Extended Services List Element . 209
D.7 Alarm Summary UDB Element . 210
D.8 Extended Service Data "Mailbox" UDB . 210
D.9 Example of Extended Service Command/Response to Read Sensor Alarm Status . 211
Annex E (Informative) Example of ISO 15962, 6-bit Encoded Data on an ISO/IEC 18000-7 Tag. 213
E.1 Sample Cargo Information . 213
E.2 ISO/IEC 18000-7 Database Table Structure . 213
E.3 Creating the DSFID and Data Set . 213
E.4 Resulting ISO/IEC 18000-7 Cargo Information Database Table . 214
Bibliography . 215

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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 18000-7 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the second edition which has been technically revised and extended.
ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology — Radio
frequency identification for item management:
 Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized
 Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz
 Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
 Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
 Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz General
 Part 61: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type A
 Part 62: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type B
 Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type C
 Part 64: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type D
 Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

Introduction
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to address radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in
the 433 MHz frequency band, providing an air interface implementation for wireless, non-contact information
system equipment for item management applications. Typical applications operate at ranges greater than one
metre.
The RFID system includes a host system and RFID equipment (interrogator and tags). The host system runs
an application program, which controls interfaces with the RFID equipment. The RFID equipment is composed
of two principal components: tags and interrogators. The tag is intended for attachment to an item, which a
user wishes to manage. It is capable of storing a tag serial number and other data regarding the tag or item
and of communicating this information to the interrogator. The interrogator is a device, which communicates to
tags in its RF communication range. The interrogator controls the protocol, reads information from the tag,
directs the tag to store data in some cases, and ensures message delivery and validity. This system uses an
active tag.
RFID systems defined by this part of ISO/IEC 18000 provide the following minimum features:
 identify tag in range;
 read data;
 write data or handle read-only systems gracefully;
 selection by group or address;
 graceful handling of multiple tags in the field of view;
 error detection.
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 consists of two modes, Base and Extended. The following simplified differences
should be drawn between the two modes:
 Base Mode defined in clause 6 is backwards compatible and includes all features described in the last
revision of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 (ISO/IEC 18000-7: 2009) with the addition of security features as
described in clause 6.7.
 Extended Mode defined in clause 7 is new to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Extended Mode presents a new
communication protocol stack (PHY, MAC and Application layers) and provides an extended feature set
that addresses more complex user and deployment requirements.
Substantive differences exist between Base Mode and Extended Mode across all layers of the communication
protocol (PHY, MAC and Application). However, both modes may co-exist in any given physical environment.
All parties are directed to consider carefully their use model before determining the most appropriate mode.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
draw attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents
concerning radio frequency identification technology.
ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

The holders of these patent rights have assured ISO and IEC that they are willing to negotiate licences under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statements of the holders of these patent rights are registered with ISO and IEC.
Information on the declared patents may be obtained from:
(EDITORIAL NOTE: The list will be filled in a later ballot stage)
Contact details
Patent Holder:
Legal Name
Contact for license application:
Name & Department
Address
Address
Tel.
Fax
E-mail
URL (optional)

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
The latest information on IP that may be applicable to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 can be found at
www.iso.org/patents.

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COMMITTEE DRAFT ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

Information technology — Radio frequency identification for
item management — Part 7: Parameters for active air interface
communications at 433 MHz
1 Scope
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating
as an active RF tag in the 433 MHz band used in item management applications. It provides a common
technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO technical committees developing RFID
application standards. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-
operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This part of
ISO/IEC 18000 defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited
to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum power, spurious
emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where
appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. This
part of ISO/IEC 18000 further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
2 Conformance
The rules for evaluation of RFID device conformity to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 are defined in
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7.
2.1 RF emissions general population
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions do not exceed the maximum permitted exposure limits recommended by
either IEEE C95.1:2005 or ICNIRP according to IEC 62369-1. If a device manufacturer is unsure which
recommendation is to be cited for compliance, the manufacturer shall declare on their own responsibility to
ICNIRP limits.
2.2 RF emissions and susceptibility health care setting
Device manufacturers claiming conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 shall declare on their own
responsibility that RF emissions and susceptibility comply with IEC 60601-1-2.
2.3 Command structure and extensibility
This part of ISO/IEC 18000 includes a definition of the structure of command codes between an interrogator
and a tag and indicates how many positions are available for future extensions.
Command specification clauses provide a full definition of the command and its presentation.
Each command is labelled as being “mandatory” or “optional”.
The clauses of this part of ISO/IEC 18000 make provisions for “custom” and “proprietary” commands.
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ISO/IEC DIS 18000-7

2.4 Mandatory commands
A mandatory command shall be supported by all tags that claim to be compliant and all interrogators which
claim compliance shall support all mandatory commands.
2.5 Optional commands
Optional commands are commands that are specified as such within this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Interrogators
shall be technically capable of performing all optional commands that are specified in this part of
ISO/IEC 18000 (although they need not be set up to do so). Tags may or may not support optional commands.
If an optional command is used, it shall be implemented in the manner specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
2.6 Custom commands
Custom commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not specified
in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A custom command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command defined
in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. An interrogator shall use a custom command only in
accordance with the specifications of the tag manufacturer.
2.7 Proprietary commands
Proprietary commands may be permitted by those applying this part of ISO/IEC 18000, but they are not
specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000.
A proprietary command shall not solely duplicate the functionality of any mandatory or optional command
defined in this part of ISO/IEC 18000 by a different method. All proprietary commands shall be disabled before
the tag leaves the tag manufacturer. Proprietary commands are intended for manufacturing purposes and
shall not be used in field-deployed RFID systems.
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest published edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin
alphabet No. 1
ISO/IEC 15459 (all parts), Information technology — Unique identifiers
ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Unique
identification for RF tags
ISO/IEC TR 18047-7 Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 7: Test methods for active air interface communications at 433 MHz
ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identific
...