Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication

This document provides: — a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes; — a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches; — a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers; — a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.

Mobilité et transport durables— Cadre pour les services de transport en fournissant des mailles pour la communication 5G

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
02-Mar-2023
Current Stage
6060 - International Standard published
Start Date
03-Mar-2023
Due Date
21-Dec-2023
Completion Date
03-Mar-2023
Ref Project

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37184
First edition
2023-03
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing
meshes for 5G communication
Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport
en fournissant des mailles pour la communication 5G
Reference number
ISO 37184:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks ......... ................ 2

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes ......... 2

4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) .............................................................................................. 3

5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Promotion of transportation services ............................................................................................................................... 3

6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication .......................3

6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services ....................................................................... 3

6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services .................................................................................. 4

6.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.2.2 Security procedure in transportation services ...................................................................................... 5

6.2.3 Security on gateways to/from 5G backbone networks .................................................................... 5

7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for

5G communication ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.2 Parameters to be monitored ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.3 Modification of transportation services .......................................................................................................................... 6

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Introduction

5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and

devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,

when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by

converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally processed/

processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized by high

speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge computing.

In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels

had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating.

This shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.

Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to

villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have

transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,

stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.

Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver

for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of

meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This

complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and

effectively.

This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation

services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as

a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.

In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing

sustainability issues.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37184:2023(E)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework
for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:

— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;

— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and

mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;

— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;

— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
4.1 Background

5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by

increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low

frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following

3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz

to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths

of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and

drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and

expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power

supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas

remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.

As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation

infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G

communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed

at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh

© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)

node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes

and mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.

Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles

and facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation

operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation

operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,

5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built

on public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone.

Thus, as mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes.

Mesh nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption,

are also low maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However,

a number of meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively

help in dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has

high enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh

formation as people with phones spread in a city.
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks

The number of meshes that are created with many mesh nodes placed in transportation facilities and

vehicles, can work to automatically route communication signals in and between meshes organically

overlapping each other. In the mesh networks, a signal wave launched from a mesh node runs by

hopping from node to node to find the shortest way to reach gateways to/from 5G backbone networks.

The communication services in the meshes and mesh networks are provided additionally and adaptably

to the current 5G communication services. Thus, the mesh communication does not negatively affect

the 5G communication technologies and services. The meshes should be adaptive and agile to realize

dynamic adjustment and optimization of network configuration efficiently.

Smart transportation by providing meshes are designated targeting a means to support the current

5G backbone network of contributing to transportation services using 5G communication services.

Predictably, with the development of communication technology in the future (e.g. 6G, 7G), smart

transportation by providing meshes in communication should be rearranged accordingly.

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes

City residents and visitor
...

Deleted: :202#(X)
ISO/PRF 37184
ISO/TC 268/SC 2 Deleted: /WG 2
Secretariat: JISC
Date: 2023-01-04
Deleted: —
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication

Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport en fournissant des mailles pour la

Deleted: ¶
communication 5G DIS
FDIS stage
Deleted: ¶
Warning for WDs and CDs¶
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is
distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an
International Standard.¶
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their
comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting
documentation.¶
© ISO 20XX¶
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: 202#(X
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this

publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,

including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can

be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.

ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
E-mail: copyright@iso.org
Deleted: Email
Website: www.iso.org
Deleted: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
Deleted: ####
ii © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: #####-#:####(X
Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Introduction........................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

1 Scope ............................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2 Normative references ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

3 Terms and definitions ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication .................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.1 Background ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks .......... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshesError!

Bookmark not defined.

4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication .................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.1 General ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

5.2 Promotion of transportation services .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication ....... Error!

Bookmark not defined.

6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services ... Error! Bookmark not defined.

6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services ............ Error! Bookmark not defined.

7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication .................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication

Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.1 General ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.2 Parameters to be monitored ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

8.3 Modification of transportation services .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Bibliography ....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Deleted: ####
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: 202#(X
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
Field Code Changed
Deleted: ####
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: #####-#:####(X
Introduction

5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and

devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,

when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by

Deleted: like

converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally

Deleted: to

processed/processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized

Deleted: . The communication

by high speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge

Deleted: with
computing.

In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels

had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating. This Deleted: were

shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.

Deleted: asks to build

Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to

Deleted: convey

villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have

Deleted: by connecting

transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,

Deleted: that is to say,

stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.

Deleted: and so on

Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver

for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of Deleted: running thereon

meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This

complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and

effectively.

This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation Deleted: contributes

services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as

Deleted: meshes
a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.
Deleted: ,

In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing

Deleted: stably
sustainability issues.
Deleted: in an ideal sense
Deleted: mean
Deleted: ####
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)
Deleted: —
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:

— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;

Deleted: - Framework on

— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and

Deleted: -

mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;

Deleted: dispatch

— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;

Deleted: -
Deleted: provider

— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.

Deleted: -
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
Deleted: For the purposes of this document, the following
Deleted: apply

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

Deleted: terminological
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
Deleted: —
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
Deleted: —
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
Deleted: Every country is starting
communication
Deleted: mainly
4.1 Background
Deleted: of
Deleted: .

5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by

increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low Deleted: .

frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following

Deleted: attenuated

3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz

Deleted: . This is an idea

to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths

Deleted: base stations

of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and

drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and Deleted: result

expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power

Deleted: increasing the

supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas

Deleted: cost

remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.

Deleted: remains

As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation

Deleted: been

infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G

Deleted: in every city or in every country

communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed

at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh Deleted: are overlapped

node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes and

Deleted: are

mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.

Deleted: overlapped

Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles and

Deleted: architectures

facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation

Deleted: listed

operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation

Deleted: signaling

operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,

5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built on Deleted: in

public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone. Thus, as

Deleted: ####
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/PRF 37184:2023(E)

mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes. Mesh

nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption, are also low

Deleted: with the…y small and light device scales and
small…ow power consumption, can be left for a long time

maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However, a number of

without…re also low maintenance. A mesh node has a

meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively help in

small…ow coverage of about 150 m area in radius.

dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has high

However, a number of meshes created by placing many

enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh

mesh nodes form…orms large networks. Vehicles
effectively help in dynamically forming meshes by
formation as people with phones spread in a city.
moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks
has power …igh enough power to perform routing. Thus,
walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh
formation as people with the phone

The number of meshes that are created with many mesh nodes placed in transportation facilities and ...

vehicles, can work to automatically route communication signals in and between meshes organically

Deleted: , which…that are created with many mesh nodes
placed in transportation facilities and vehicles, can work

overlapping each other. In the mesh networks, a signal wave launched from a mesh node runs by hopping

to automatically route communication signals in and

from node to node to find the shortest way to reach gateways to/from 5G backbone networks.

between meshes organically overlapped with
...

The communication services in the meshes and mesh networks are provided additionally and adaptably

to the current 5G communication services. Thus, the mesh communication does not negatively affect the

5G communication technologies and services. The meshes should be adaptive and agile to realize dynamic

adjustment and optimization of network configuration efficiently.

Smart transportation by providing meshes are designated targeting a means to support the current 5G Deleted: mean…eans to support the current 5G backbone

network of contributing to transportation services using

backbone network of contributing to transportation services using 5G communication services.

5G communication services. Predictable…redictably, with

Predictably, with the development of communication technology in the future (e.g. 6G, 7G), smart

the development of communication technology in the

transportation by providing meshes in communication should be rearranged accordingly.

future (e.g.,… 6G, 7G and so on…, smart transportation by
providing meshes in communication ,
...

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes

City residents and visitors require stable communication and high-speed and high traffic data

Deleted: Citizens…ity residents and city …isitors have
desired…equire stable communication,…and high-speed

transmission when they use transportation services. 5G communication can fulfil this demand, but the

and large…igh traffic data transmission when they use

service area is currently limited. Smart transportation services, by providing meshes, accelerate service

transportation services. 5G communication can realize

area expansion and assists customers in enhancing their access through such upgraded communication

it…ulfil this demand, but the service area is currently

services. In addition to the fundamental demands on communication and transportation business

limited. Smart transportation services, by providing

requirements, the following examples demonstrate the use of smart transportation services providing meshes accelerates the… accelerate service area

and assists customers in enhancing their city life and
meshes for 5G communication.
business activities…ccess through such upgraded

EXAMPLE 1 Automobiles operate on public roads autonomously by the availability of information on obstacles

communication services. Besides …n addition to the
and curren
...

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 37184
First edition
Sustainable mobility and
transportation — Framework for
transportation services by providing
meshes for 5G communication
Mobilité et transport durable — Cadre pour les services de transport
en fournissant des mailles pour la communication 5G
PROOF/ÉPREUVE
Reference number
ISO 37184:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
PROOF/ÉPREUVE © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 37184:2023(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks ......... ................ 2

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes ......... 2

4.4 Meeting the sustainable development goals (SDSs) .............................................................................................. 3

5 Adoption of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5.2 Promotion of transportation services ............................................................................................................................... 3

6 Security in transportation services by providing meshes for 5G communication .......................3

6.1 Data transmission performance by transportation services ....................................................................... 3

6.2 Data transmission security for transportation services .................................................................................. 4

6.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

6.2.2 Security procedure in transportation services ...................................................................................... 5

6.2.3 Security on gateways to/from 5G backbone networks .................................................................... 5

7 Personal privacy protection for transportation services by providing meshes for

5G communication ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

8 Quality maintenance of transportation services by providing meshes for 5G

communication ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.2 Parameters to be monitored ...................................................................................................................................................... 6

8.3 Modification of transportation services .......................................................................................................................... 6

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7

iii
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ISO 37184:2023(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 268, Sustainable cities and communities,

Subcommittee SC 2, Sustainable cities and communities - Sustainable mobility and transportation.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 37184:2023(E)
Introduction

5G is the latest generation of cellular mobile communication services, connecting multiple terminals and

devices such as PCs and smartphones. Non-electronic objects can also be involved in 5G communication,

when they are electronically recognized using methods such as QR-codes and face recognition by

converting their images into electronic data. Thus, no matter whether things are digitally processed/

processable or not, all items can be connected in 5G communication, which is characterized by high

speed, negligible delay and large capacity traffic in data transmission, assisted with edge computing.

In 5G communication, carrier waves in high-frequency ranges are used, where many frequency channels

had been vacant. However, high frequency waves are easily scattered by objects while propagating.

This shortcoming requires building many base stations to successfully receive and forward waves.

Transportation services are the most widely networked to connect people, delivery items and freight to

villages, towns, cities and large city zones with public roads, railroads and rivers or canals which have

transportation facilities, i.e. streetlamps, traffic signals, signboards, bus stops, railroad instruments,

stations, ports. Private and commercial vehicles are active wherever human activities are in place.

Transportation facilities and vehicles are, therefore, operative places to install nodes with a transceiver

for carrier waves. The facilities and vehicles statically or dynamically form local ad hoc networks of

meshes which can organically be overlapped with backbone networks of 5G communication. This

complements the current transportation services using 5G communication services, indirectly and

effectively.

This document outlines how transportation facilities and vehicles can contribute to transportation

services using 5G communication services by providing as many large and stable meshes as possible, as

a means to support the current 5G backbone networks.

In the development of this document, ISO Guide 82 has been taken into account in addressing

sustainability issues.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37184:2023(E)
Sustainable mobility and transportation — Framework
for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
1 Scope
This document provides:

— a framework for transportation services using 5G communication by providing meshes;

— a description on expanding the service coverage of 5G backbone networks for transportation and

mobility by applying meshes created in transportation facilities, vehicles and service dispatches;

— a service framework using infrastructure, vehicles and mobility service providers;

— a description on the effective transportation service for sustainable cities and communities.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.

ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Concept of framework for transportation services by providing meshes for 5G
communication
4.1 Background

5G communication services are starting to become widespread worldwide to transmit more data by

increasing the number of carrier wave channels. Since 3G and 4G communication mainly uses low

frequency channels, most countries use high frequency ranges to adopt 5G communication by following

3GPP TS 38.104 V16.7.0. The frequency ranges used for 5G communication, which are normally 3,5 GHz

to 3,8 GHz, are higher compared to those for 3G and 4G communication. Owing to the short wavelengths

of the carrier waves in 5G communication, the waves can be easily scattered while propagating and

drastically attenuating. To gain wave signal amplitude or power for longer distance transmission and

expand the service coverage, more base stations should be built up, but they require sufficient power

supply and large premises for operation, which results in increased capital costs. As the service areas

remain limited due to such reasons, 5G communication has not yet become common worldwide.

As transportation systems already have dense and large networks, it is expected that transportation

infrastructures can be used as places to install small cells for mesh networking to enlarge 5G

communication coverage. Small cells, the size and weight of which are minimized, can be simply placed

at as many spots as possible to locally process communication signals. Such a small cell, called a mesh

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ISO 37184:2023(E)

node, forms a mesh. Meshes overlap with each other and generate mesh networks. Individual meshes

and mesh networks further overlap with the current backbone networks of 5G communication.

Wherever human activities take place, transportation is used. Every city has transportation vehicles

and facilities such as bus stops, rail stations, ports, airports, public roads, railroad tracks, transportation

operators’ buildings, service facilities and related commercial architecture, even if the transportation

operation and service scale depends on populations and population density, as noted in ISO 37154:2017,

5.2 to 6.2. Lampposts, traffic lights and signboards as well as electric and signalling poles are built

on public roads and railroad tracks and their entire networks extended in a city or a large city zone.

Thus, as mentioned earlier, transportation vehicles and facilities are good places to install mesh nodes.

Mesh nodes, which are characterized by small and light device scales and low power consumption,

are also low maintenance. A mesh node has a low coverage of about 150 m area in radius. However,

a number of meshes created by placing many mesh nodes forms large networks. Vehicles effectively

help in dynamically forming meshes by moving. Smartphones can also create meshes, if the phone has

high enough power to perform routing. Thus, walking is still good transportation contributing to mesh

formation as people with phones spread in a city.
4.2 Meshes and mesh network creation and connection to 5G backbone networks

The number of meshes that are created with many mesh nodes placed in transportation facilities and

vehicles, can work to automatically route communication signals in and between meshes organically

overlapping each other. In the mesh networks, a signal wave launched from a mesh node runs by

hopping from node to node to find the shortest way to reach gateways to/from 5G backbone networks.

The communication services in the meshes and mesh networks are provided additionally and adaptably

to the current 5G communication services. Thus, the mesh communication does not negatively affect

the 5G communication technologies and services. The meshes should be adaptive and agile to realize

dynamic adjustment and optimization of network configuration efficiently.

Smart transportation by providing meshes are designated targeting a means to support the current

5G backbone network of contributing to transportation services using 5G communication services.

Predictably, with the development of communication technology in the future (e.g. 6G, 7G), smart

transportation by providing meshes in communication should be rearranged accordingly.

4.3 Target city issues and effectiveness of transportation services by providing meshes

City residents and visitors require stable communication and high-speed and high tr

...

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