ISO 5878:1982/Add 1:1983

Reference atmospheres for aerospace use - Addendum 1: Wind supplement

Atmosphères de référence pour l'application aérospatiale — Additif 1: Supplément "Vent"

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-1983
• ICS: 49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 6 - Standard atmosphere
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 20/SC 6 - Standard atmosphere
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Start Date: 22-Nov-2024
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Amends: ISO 5878:1982 - Reference atmospheres for aerospace use
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Child: ISO 5878:1982 - Reference atmospheres for aerospace use
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 5878=1982/ADDENDUM 1
Published 1983-02-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION~MEX~Yt-!Al ’O@iAR OPTAHM3AUMR IlO CTAHAAPTbl3A~VlM@ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Reference atmospheres
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
Addendum 1 to International Standard IS0 5878 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraft and space vehicles, and
was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Austria India Romania
Belgium Italy South Africa, Rep. of
Brazil
Japan Spain
Canada Korea, Rep. of Turkey
Czechoslovakia
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya United Kingdom
France Mexico USA
Germany, F. R. Netherlands USSR
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
~~
UDC 551.55 Ref. no. : IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Descriptors : aerodynamics, atmospheres, standard atmosphere, winds, characteristics, computation, meteorological data.
0 International Organization for Standardization, 1983 l
Printed in Switzerland Price based on 58 pages

IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Contents
Page
0 Introduction. . 3
1 Scope and field of application . 3
2 Methodological aspects and analysis of the data. . 3
3 Windmodels . 4
4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use of the circular normal distribution
....................................... 5
Tableslto5 .
6-49
50-57
Figureslto8 .
Bibliography.” .
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Reference atmospheres
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
0 Introduction It seems reasonable, therefore, the present wind data, aver-
aged over major regions, in the form of this addendum to
A specification summarizing the characteristics of the wind is IS0 5878.
required for many practical problems, such as aircraft design,
the planning and operation of air routes and airfields, estimates
of the global transport of atmospheric contaminants, etc., in
1 Scope and field of application
which the wind is one of the primary factors.
The addendum presents data on spatial distribution of wind
Air motions in the atmosphere occur as a result of phenomena
characteristics, for use in estimating the performance of aircraft
related to air temperature and atmospheric pressure, the nature
in the design stage or of aircraft already in service, for planning
of the surface over which the air is moving, the rotation of the
air routes and for estimating the global transport of atmospheric
earth, etc. Such a complex relationship leads to large wind
contaminants.
variations in time and space, including the seasonal variation of
the general circulation of the atmosphere and the formation of
disturbances on a wide range of scales from that of cyclones
and anticyclones to that of small-scale turbulence.
2 Meth odological asp ects and analysis of
the data
The observed features of the wind d istribution in the meridional
plane are as follows :
The tables and graphs given are based on a comprehensive
study and statistical analysis of wind data for the earth ’s sur-
a) a predominantly easterly component in the airflow of
face and eight isobaric surfaces over the northern hemisphere.
the lower and middle troposphere of tropical latitudes, and
in the whole of the atmosphere in equatorial latitudes;
The analysis is based on a large and uniform statistical sample,
the major part of which has been published[3# 41. About two
million observations from 369 serological stations for the nine-
b) the existence of systematic meridional components in
year period 1957 to 1965 were processed. In addition, statistical
the zone 0 to 30° N - a northerly component in the lower
data from 50 further stations[5, 61 were included in the analyses.
troposphere and a southerly component in the middle
Other work& 21 were also used.
troposphere;
The following maps were compi led on the
basis of the average
c) a predominantly westerly flow in sub-tropical latitudes
monthly wind characteristics at the main i sobaric surfaces :
(30 to 400); the wind speed increases sharply with altitude,
reaching a maximum at altitudes of 10 to 13 km in the sub-
a) mean scalar wind speed, vS;
tropical jet stream;
b) mean zonal component
d) in temperate latitudes (40 to 600), a generally westerly (zonal component of the vector
flow having a wave-like form; jet streams with axes at mean wind), TX;
altitudes of about 8 to 9 km are associated with systems of
mobile cyclones and are therefore more variable than the
mean meridional co lmponen
cl t( meridional component of
sub-tropical jet stream and much of the detail of their
the vector mean wind),
‘y;
structure and location is lost in the averaging process;
d) standard deviation of the zonal component of the wind,
e) in the stratosphere, the air flow is characterized by a
CT l
Xf
seasonal of monsoon-type of direction change; to the north
of 30’ N, westerly winds occur in winter, changing to
deviation of the meridional of the
e) standa rd component
easterly in summer, with negative wind shears (wind speed
wind, a,.
decreasing with height) prevailing in the altitude range 9 to
20 km; to the north of 60 to 65O N, abrupt positive wind
The seasonal changes of the wind characteristics at the dif-
shears prevail in winter, and there is a strong westerly jet
ferent isobaric surfaces and the effects of topography and sur-
stream in the polar stratosphere.
face roughness were taken into account in the analysis of the
maps and in drawing isotachs.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and several
countries have published detailed tables and atlases of the wind
The information read off at the grid points at intervals of loo of
characteristics[JJ 2, 71, and these can be used to provide infor-
longitude and loo of latitude for the earth ’s surface and for the
mation in the form required for a given purpose. However, it
850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100, 50 and 30 mbar isobaric surfaces
would probably be wrong to expect the specialist user, who
served as a basis for the calculation of the average wind
may not be a meteorologist, to extract the required information
characteristics within each of the latitude zones.
from the huge store of climatological material available.
IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
-
Thus the mean value for a zone, 4) polar zone, 60 80° N (zone of the polar-night
7, of a characteristic is given
uation :
by the eq stratospheric weste jet stream of winter);
rlY
- -
,=1g vi
5) meridional cross-section along 140’ E : this iilustra-
. . .
(1)
n
tes the circulation near the east Asian coastline of the
f- I
Pacific Ocean, where the sub-tropical jet stream reaches
and the corresponding standard deviation, cr, by
its maximum intensity;
6) meridional cross-section along 80° E : this illustrates
1 n 1 fl -
ox -
0; + - (Vi- V)2 . . . the circulation over the Siberian anticyclone in winter,
(2)
c c
n M
J the jet streams over Tibet, the monsoon circulation over
i= 1 i= 1
India and the easterly jet stream over the northern parts
of the Indian Ocean;
-
is the mon thly mean value of the characteristic at the
5 7) meridional cross-section along 20’ E : the meridian
i-th grid point;
crosses eastern Europe and central Africa, and the cross-
section is characteristic of the area of cyclonic activity
is the standard deviation at the i-th grid point;
over Europe and the Vlediterranean and of the sub-
tropical jet stream over northern Africa;
n is the number of grid points within the region of averag-
ing; for each latitude circle, n = 36.
8) meridional cross-section along 80’ W : the meridian
crosses the eastern regions of North America and the
For each isobaric surface the mean values of the zonal and
Caribbean Sea, and the profile illustrates the jet streams
meridional components of the wind and the values of the scalar
over the western Atlantic.
mean wind speed were calculated from equation (l), and the
standard deviations of the components from equation (2). Then
each of the wind characteristics was plotted as a function of
The values of the quantities describing the wind fields, ob-
the geopotential altitude H, using the mean value of H for each
tained for the altitude range 0 to 25 km from actual observa-
isobaric surface. The values interpolated from these plots for
tions and by estimation using the circular normal distribution,
the required values of H were used in constructing the tables.
are presented for the above models for January and July.
The following quantities were obtained from the actual obser-
3 Wind models
vations :
-
Taking into account the features of the atmospheric circulation
--
of the wind, Vx, and mean
mean zonal component
-
over the northern hemisphere, namely the presence of long
meridional component of the wind, Vy;
waves within certain latitude zones and the existence of jet
streams in certain locations, the wind fields may be represented
nitude of t he vector mean
by the following models :
the vector mean wind, 0;
-
a) For latitude zones; in addition, within each latitude zone
data derived from actual observations are given for two
-
standard deviation of the vector mean wind, a,;
selected stations, one with very strong winds and the other
with very light winds (tables 1, 2, 3; figures 1 to 4).
-
maximum wind speed observed once in ten years, vmaX.
b) For meridional cross-sections (tables 4, 5; figures 5 to 8)
supplement the models and illustrate the global circulation
The speeds equalled or exceeded on 1, 10,20,80, 90 and 99 %
over the northern hemisphere.
of occasions were calculated using the circular normal distribu-
-
tion. The scalar mean wind speed, Vsf for each zone was both
--
latitude
Specifically, models are presented for the following
obtained from the actual observations, Vs,, and calculated
-
zones and meridians :
using the law of circular normal distribution, Vssc.
-
1) tropical zone, 0 - 20’ N (zone of the trade-wind cir-
For four meridional sections the mean speed & is given only
-
culation and easterly jet streams in the near-equatorial
based on actual observations
- &a”
upper troposphere and stratosphere);
2) sub-tropical zone, 20 - 40° N (region of the strong 4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use
westerly sub-tropical jet stream (at altitudes of 10 to
of the circular normal distribution
13 km);
Wind is a vector. In a sample of a large number of winds
observed over a long period of time, each individual vector is a
3) temperate zone, 40 - 60° N (zone of strong cyc-
Ionic activity horizontal turbulent stochastic, or random, value, and for estimating wind distribu-
and maximum
exchange); tions, probability theory may be used. For the calculation of the
IS0 587891982/Add.l-1983 (E)
-
characteristics for latitude zones above ZOO N , where l/y does
characteristics, the circular normal distribution may be used,
not exceed 6 % of TX, and the absolute value is+not more
the probability density, f(v), being given by the equation : than
-
1 m/s, it is assumed that vY = 0, so that vr = This
Iv,1 = I v,L
-
-
distribution for zones 20
allows the basi c parameters of the
2 v v, -
2v
-
=-e-iv*+ Ff)/Of x 1
V . . .
(31 60° and 60 - 80° N to be determined by Vx and
f( ) 0 4o ”, 40 -
o*
tT*
r r
only.
i I
where :
The values of wind speed which are likely to be equalled or
exceeded on 1, 10, 20, 80, 90 and 99 % of occasions may be
is the wind speed; estimated from equation (3). The expected scalar mean speed,
vS, is given by equation (4) (mathematical expectation) :
is the magnitude of the vector mean wind;
is the standard deviation of the vector mean wind; -
v = . . .
f(v) Vdv (4)
SC
s
is the zero-order Bessel function of imaginary argu-
ment.
The analysis of the scalar mean speed derived from observa-
The circular normal distribution law may be regarded as valid
tions, and calculated from the circular normal distribution for
=
for the four latitude zones, since ax a, = a,/ &, taking into
each zone confirms that the circular normal distribution may be
account that or = d-1 with an accuracy acceptable for used to calculate the values of wind speed with an accuracy
most practical purposes. In addition, for calculating the mean sufficient for most practical purposes.

IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second
- 20° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
r
Geopotential
altitude k( - - 1 % 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V V
V
km
v, sa max SC
v,
low
low high low high high
- -- - - - - -
0 -2,9 -I,6
5,5 3,O 3J
-
1 - 3,9 -1,2 l4,7 II,0
76 59 60 LO 3,O 3,O %Q
-
2 -2,7 -0,7 15,2 IO,7
72 64 62 LO 3,O 3,O w3
3 -I,6 -0,3 60 16,0 ll,o
72 78 6,3 ItO 3,O 3,O w
4 59 17,0 II,6
-0,7 -0,2 I,0 3,3 %7
77 77 70 23
5 -0,l 59 18,5 12,7 IO,8
02 8,5 8,5 76 LO 3,Q 3,5
6 -0,l 61 20,7 l4,3 12,2
12 W 99 83 LO 3,O 4,3
7 IO,9 10,5 67 23,5 16,4 13,8
23 Q,Q 9 ‘7 3rd 3,4 5,O
8 12,3 II,6 76 ll,o 26,5 18,8 15,8
43 02 L7 44 62
l3,7 12,7 12,6 21,7 18,0
9 or4 80 2,o 30,3
68 43 79
10 15,4 l3,7 78 14,3 34,5 25,0 20,8
83 I,0 2,Q 5,5 8,5
11 IO,5 17,2 14,9 73 15,9 38,2 27,5 23,2
22 LO 6,5 99
12 II,5 18,8 15,9 70 16,9 40,5 29,5 25,8
23 LO 7,Q 93
13 II,2 18,6 15,7 73 16,5 40,2 28,7 25,0
23 -L7 615 99
14 16,9 14,5 85 15,0 37,7 26,0
2,3 L4 5,7 8,3 22,5
15,l 13,4 94 l3,7 34,0 23,5 20,3
15 12 5,O 713
8,O 13
16 13,6 12,4 100 12,2 LO 29,8 21,2 18,0
61 03 43 6,5
17 12,l 11,5 96 10,9 25,6 19,0 16,0
4,6 Q/J LO 4,Q 59
IO,8 IO,8 82 10,o 23,2 17,4 14,3
18 Or3 LO 3,6 5,5
IO,1 16,2 13,0
19 02 9,7 65 93 LO zo 3,4 5,2
1,s
l5,4 12,3
20 54 21,3
OJ QJ 8,7 g/7 8,7 LO 3,2 5,O
-0,4 48 21,0 l5,O 12,0
21 Q,Q $9 34 815 14 3,O 5,Q
l2,2
22 -I,3 -0,l 44 21,0 15,2
8,6 9,4 88 LO 3,O 5,O
-0,2 42 21,5 15,6 12,6
23 -2,l 92 %7 8,7 LO 3,O 5,O
IO,3 39 -l6,3 13,3
24 -2,9 -0,2 93 93 LO 22,3 310 5,O
11,4 38 10,7 23,3 17,0 14,2
25 -3,5 -0,2 IO,9 LO 3,O 5,O
-____I
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 E)
- Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
Table 1
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continued)
O- ZOO N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
r
Geopotential
altitude H, - 1% 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V
km v, V,a max v,C
vv
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,6
02 5,2 3,4 3,Q
-
- I,4 15,8 12,0 10,o
1 013 7,8 70 614 IQ 2,3 4,O
-
2 - 2,2 68 LO 16,4 2,5 12,0 4,O 10,o
02 79 7,4
3 - 2,8 -0,l 60 LO 16,8 12,0 10,o
8,O 76 72 3,O 4,O
4 - 3,2 61 17,5 l2,7 IO,2
or0 719 716 79 LO 3,O 4,O
5 - 3,6 61 18,3 13,3 10,5
QJ 73 79 7,3 LO 3,O 4,O
19,0 14,0 ll,o
6 - 3,9 02 718 74 60 7,4 LO 4,O
3,O
7 - 4,l 58 19,5 14,l 11,2
02 8,Q 7,6 7,5 LO 3,O 4,O
14,4
8 - 4,3 58 20,o II,7
02 8,3 79 f3J LO 3,Q 4,2
9 - 4,4 59 20,5 14,5 12,5
QJ 83 8,4 8,4 ItO 3,Q 43
- 4,5 -0,l 10,2 61 15,8 14,0
10 99 92 LO a0 32 5,2
11 - 4,8 -0,5 12,4 12,4 65 11,8 26,8 19,0 17,0
LQ 3,4 60
13,6 14,0 69 13,4 31,2 19,5
12 - 5,4 -0,8 I,1 4,7 22,3 6,7
14,2 23,5
13 - 6,5 -0,7 13,8 14,3 73 33,0 5,4 7,4 20,2
24,0 20,l
14 - 7,6 -0,3 l3,7 14,0 76 l3,7 1,4 33,5
5,7 7,8
15 - 8,8 13,6 13,5 79 15,0 33,5 24,0 20,o
o,o 13 60 88
16 13,4 12,8 80 15,5 33,2 24,0 20,o
- 9,9 02 13 6,O 82
13,2 11,9 78 16,3 32,5 23,8 20,o
17 -IO,8 Q,3 ZQ 62 82
31,5 23,4
18 -II,6 14,0 10,8 70 15,4 20,o
Or3 2,3 6,5 8,5
14,2 30,7
19 -12,3 14,8 10,o 61 70 23,0 20,3
62 2 ‘5 %O
20 -13,l 15,7 53 l3,7 30,o 20,6
02 93 23 73 W3 93
-14,l l6,7 51 13,8 30,5 23,5 10,5 21,3
21 02 99 3J 82
-15,2 17,9 51 l4,7 32,4 25,0 11,3
22 0,3 93 3,5 83 a7
19,2 10,5 63 16,0 27,0 12,2 24,3
23 -16,5 3,8 3 ‘7 93
Q,4
11,l l7,4 37,3 IO,0 29,0 13,0 27,3
24 -17,8 20,5 70 4,O
77 l8,7 IO,7 31,5 14,0 28,3
25 - 19,2 21,9 11,9 4,5 Jo,2
I,0
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (cohwed)
20 - 40° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
r
Geopotential
altitude H, - - -
1 % 10 % 20 %
T- “r
V V V
km I/x sa max SC
low high low high low high
- - - -
- - -
0 14 6,4 5J
5,5
-
20,o 15,0 11,7
1 LQ 2,5
118 8,5 34 8,5 4,5
-
2 10,o IO,4 10,3 24,4 3,5 l7,5 14,5
4,7 l/Q 5,5
3 11,8 l1,5 70 12,6 29,2 20,8 l7,5
88 LQ 4,5 6,7
4 10,5 14,2 13,l 72 15,8 34,0 24,5 21,0
I,3 60 8,1
17,0 15,0 76 l7,3 39,5 28,8 25,0
5 13,2 13 7,Q 93
16,0 20,6 17,0 84 21,8 46,0 33,7 12,0 29,5
6 8 ‘5
7 18,8 24,2 19,2 102 24,7 53,5 IO,2 39,5 l4,7 35,0
8 21,5 27,0 21,3 124 28,l 62,5 12,2 47,0 17,5 41,0
3,7
9 24,3 29,5 140 31,6 70,o 13,8 53,8 19,7 45,5
=,7 4,4
10 26,8 31,6 23,4 142 72,5 15,0 55,7 21,0
W6 4,7 J&Q
11 28,7 33,2 23,4 132 35,6 72,2 l5,7 55,5 21,7
5,Q @w
29,7 34,0 124 36,l 70,o 16,0 47,0
12 5,Q WQ WQ
Z8
15,5 21,2
13 28,5 33,0 21,5 118 32,9 51,3
43 @Lo 447
l4,7 47 ‘7
14 26,5 31,l 19,9 112 29,6 20,o 41,6
417 58,5
15 24,3 28,4 l7,8 107 26,6 53,0 13,4 18,2 38,0
4,5 4Wf)
21,8 25,0 15,7 102 24,7 II,5 38,7 l5,7 33,5
16 43 48,3
18,l 21,o 14,0 96 21 ‘4 43,2 33,5 12,8 29,0
17 3,5 93
28,0 24,5
18 14,2 17,2 12,8 88 18,0 2,5 38,5 IO,2
7,3
19 IO,4 13,6 II,6 80 14,7 33,8 23,5 20,6
V3 5,6 8,Q
17,3
20 II,1 10,9 73 II,9 29,4 20,3
70 1,s 4,5 62
10,o IO,6 6a 10,8 26,2 18,6 l5,7
21 5,3 ‘I,0 4,Q 5,4
IO,8 65 IO,6 25,4 l8,2 15,2
22 414 98 I,0 33 5,4
11,l 62 IO,5 25,0 18,0 15,0
23 LQ 3,8 5,6
3,5 99
15,0
24 II,6 60 IO,8 25,0 18,0
23 93 18 411 61
25 12,4 60 11,3 25,0 18,3 15,0
2,3 93 14 4,5 6,7
-___
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
- Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
Table 1
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continued)
20 - 40° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r r
Geopotential
-
altitude H, - 1% 10 % 20 %
r r
r
V
km
vx V,a max KC
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,3
43 5,O 4,5
-
1 15,5 II,7
Of5 69 79 6,7 ItO 22 4,O 93
-
16,5 12,2 10,3
2 or9 72 718 7,1 LO 2,5 4,O
l7,7 l2,7 IO,8
3 61 1,Q 2,9 4,O
I,4 73 8,1 7,4
4 58 18,8 13,5 11,3
ZJ 60 8,4 77 18 3,Q 43
5 58 19,8 14,0 II,7
2,7 83 8,7 82 w 3,O 4,5
62 21,2 15,0 12,3
6 3,3 93 92 8,7 I,0 3J 5,O
23,5 16,8 13,7
7 IO,3 70 LO 3,5 5,4
43 93 93
11,6 IO,8 10,6 26,5 19,0 15,6
8 79 I,0 4,O 519
5,6
29 ‘7 21,3 17,6
9 13,0 12,l 87 12,2 w
63 43 6,5
19,5
10 14,3 l3,7 93 13,8 33,0 23,6
7,3 12 5,O 7,2
11 15,2 15,6 96 l5,7 36,2 25,8 21,8
718 L5 5,5 8,5
l5,7 16,5 92 16,7 38,6 27,8 23,6
12 U3 60 9s)
38,5 27,3 23,5
13 15,5 16,4 88 16,l 116 5,7 8,5
24,0 20,o
14 14,3 15,3 87 14,4 L5 34,5 5,O 7,3
17,0
12,8 14,0 89 12,8 30,3 20,7
15 3,O 12 43 60
11,8 12,4 91 II,2 26,5 18,0 14,7
16 03 I,0 4,3 5,2
- I,8 11,6 10,7 88 23,2 16,7 13,8
17 93 I,0 4,2 5,O
11,9 79 16,5 14,0
18 - 4,4 1J 22,4 43 5,5
99 83
16,7 14,4
19 - 6,7 12,4 70 83 Jr3 22,5 4,7 62
8,4
23,0 l7,2 15,0
20 - 8,8 13,0 64 13 5,2 TO
7,8 w3
24,0 18,0 16,O
21 l3,7 60
-10,5 7,5 w ZQ 6,O 8,5
19,3 l7,2
22 - 11,9 14,7 62 10,5 2,3 25,5 6,7
7,6 %Q
27,0 21,0 10,o 18,9
l5,7 65 11,l
23 -13,l 7,8 Z6 77
20,7
12,2 28,7 ll,o
24 -14,3 16,9 82 69 3,Q 83 Z6
13,l 30,5 IO,2 24,5 12,0 22,5
25 -15,4 18,2 74 3,2
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continued)
40 - 60° N, January
Based on circular normal law of distribution
Actual observations
l-
r
Geopotential
- -
altitude H, 1 % 10 % 20 %
r r
T-
V V
km vx sa
max v,C
low high low high low high
-
- - - - - -
12 62 83 82
-
18,5 15,2
1 10,2 11,8 IO,8 26,0
3,4 LQ 4,Q 60
-
2 II,5 12,7 12,5 28,8 20,5 17 ‘2
5,3 I,0 43 6,5
3 13,2 13,8 77 14,2 32,3 23,0 19,5
71 ItO 5,Q 72
4 15,l l5,4 88 16,0 36,5 26,4
W3 L5 5,7 8J 22,3
l7,2 17,2 18,0 41,5 30,4 25,5
5 IO,2 97 zo 6,7 92
19,5 47,4 34,5 IO,8 29,5
6 11,5 19,3 101 20,2 7,5
2,3
12,3
7 l2,7 21,8 21,2 102 53,0 38,0 32,5
222 23 8,3
8 14,0 23,7 23,0 101 24,l 57,5 40,8 13,5 35,o
3,Q 8,7
9 15,l 24,8 23,8 99 25,2 59,0 42,0 14,0 36,0
3,Q %I
16,2 24,5 98 24,0 57,5 41,2 14,0 35,3
10 222 3,Q 99
23,9 55,3 39,7 13,5 34,5
1-l 17,0 23,9 20,7 100 3,(9 92
38,0 l2,7
12 l7,4 23,l 19,4 99 23,9 52,7 33,5
3,O w
13 17,6 18,l 96 23,8 50,3 37,l 12,5 32,5
23 3,2 92
14 17,6 21,4 17,0 93 23,5 35,2 l2,4 31,3
3,2 J&Q 93
l7,3 20,6 16,1 91 23,4 45,7 34,0 12,3 30,l
15 3J 92
15,3 89 33,0 12,0 28,7
16 16,7 19,9 2ZJ 3,Q Q4Q %Q
14,8 20,7 43,0 32,3 II,5 27,J
17 16,0 19,4 88 2,5 85
l1,2
18 15,5 19,0 14,6 89 20,l 42,5 31,8 27,0
2,3 82
19 15,0 18,9 14,9 90 19,7 42,5 31,5 ll,o 26,8
ZQ 810
20 14,6 19,0 15,5 91 17,6 42,8 32,0 II,0 27,0
2,Q 810
19,5 16,5 93 20,o 32,7 11,o 27,5
21 14,5 22 444 8,1
96 20,7 46,7 II,2 29,0
22 l4,7 20,3 l7,5 2,5 8,4 34,4
15,l 21,4 18,9 99 49,5 36,2 II,6 31,0
23 ZQ 23 W3
15,6 23,0 20,4 103 23,0 52,5 38,3 12,2 33,0
24 3,3 912
16,l 24,8 107 24,0 55,5 40,5 12,8 35,5
25 Z2 3,8 %7
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 EI
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (conhued)
40- 60° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
r
Geopotential
-
altitude H, 1% 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V V
km v, v,a max SC
low high low low
high high
- - - - - - -
0 W3 4,5 5,5
-
1 18,5 13,5 10,5
13 7,5 8,4 7,6 LO 3,O 3,6
-
2 19,5 14,5 11,4
2,9 f3,O 8,9 8,4 LO 310 4,2
70 20,8 15,9 12,7
3 411 8,9 9,5 9,3 Or9 3,O 5,O
4 10,o 10,2 69 10,4 23,2 17,5 14,4
5,3 03 3,7 5,7
11,4 11,l 69 11,5 26,5 19,5 16,4
5 W3
6,5 43 6,5
12,6 13,3 21,8 18,5
6 13,l 70 LO 31,5
7,8 5,O 7,3
7 15,4 14,4 73 15,0 36,7 25,0 21,2
9,O 12 53 82
8 10,5 17,5 16,2 76 16,8 41,3 28,5 24,0
1,5 60 9,3
11,5 19,0 17,9 79 18,9 45,0 31,5 10,4 26,6
9 1,9 6,5
12,7 18,8 20,6 47,0 33,8 11,5 28,5
10 20,o 82 2,O 73
11 13,6 20,3 18,8 83 21,3 zo 47,5 8,O 12,0 29,4
11,9
12 14,3 20,3 18,l 81 20,9 47,0 29,0
70 88 33
13 14,0 18,0 16,5 80 21,4 31,5 10,5 27,0
1,7 43,5 7,2
14 12,0 15,0 14,2 83 18,9 37,2 27 ‘0
1,5 6,3 f3,8 Z8
12,0 12,0 86 14,8 31,0 18,5
15 9,O 12 5,4 QO 72
10,2 89 11,o 25,5 18,5 15,5
16 1,1 43 5,8
60 9,8
21,5 16,0 13,2
17 88 8,9 LO 317 4,7
4,O 8,4 9,O
19,2 14,4 11,8
18 79 3,3
22 V 82 76 LO 4,3
19 70 17,6 13,3 10,7
OJ 72 7,6 68 LO 3,O 40
20 -1,8 63 16,8 12,5 10,l
68 72 617 LO 3,O 4,O
60 16,8 12,0 10,o
21 -3,l 72 72 14 3,O 4,O
17,5 12,5 10,7
22 -4,5 62 7,9 LO 3,l 4,3
7,2 713
18,5 13,5 11,5
23 -5,5 66 LO 3,4 43
v 7,4 8,6
19,6 14,5 12,5
24 -6,5 68 3,8 4,9
8,9 79 83 LO
15,8 14,0
-7,Z 10,4 72 21,0
25 73 83 LO 42 5,5
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continue&r ’)
60 - 80° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
r
Geopotential
altitude H, - - 1 % 10 % 20 %
r T-
r
V V V
km
VY sa max SC
low high low
low high high
- - - - - - -
o,o 5,3 7,3 68
-
1 10,3 15,5 13,8
L6 83 9,4 LO 22,5 3,O 5,O
-
2 10,6 11,4 10,4 24,5 17,2 14,6
2,5 LO 315 5,3
3 12,2 12,6 84 11,6 27,5 19,5 16,5
3,5 LO 42 60
4 13,8 14,3 13,5 31,4 23,0 19,0
93 19 5,O 7,O
4,8
26,5
5 15,2 16,4 100 15,5 36,0 21,6
5,7 13 5,8 718
6 16,6 18,l 102 17,0 39,8 29,0 24,0
6,3 TO 6,5 82
7 17,8 19,6 101 18,5 31,0 26,0
6,9 zo eo 68 9,4
19,0 20,5 100 19,4 45,3 32,6 27,5
8 73 zo TO 9,8
19,0 20,o 99 19,3 45,4 32,3 10,o 27,3
9 70 TO
8,O
18,7 31,0
10 17,8 98 18,5 43,5 26,0
8,7 zo 7,O 9,7
11 17,0 17,6 100 18,l 42,4 30,2 25,l
9,4 2,o 7,O 9,O
12 10,l 17,0 16,9 102 17,7 41,8 30,o 25,0
28 6,9 9,2
13 10,9 17,2 16,5 102 18,O 41,7 30,3 25,l
zo 68 9,7
14 11,9 17,8 16,3 102 18,4 41,8 30,8 10,2 25,5
2,o 6,9
12,9 18,6 16,4 101 18,7 42,5 31,5 10,6 26,5
15 210 70
19,6 16,7 l9,4 32,7 11,3 27,5
16 14,0 98 z1 713
21,0 l7,3 20,9 46,0 12,0 28,8
17 15,5 94 2,3 34,3
8,O
18 17,0 18,0 91 36,5 13,0 30,5
Z6 W2 2,5 483 83
19 18,7 24,4 19,0 90 23,8 52,4 39,0 14,0 33,0
2,7 9,5
20,5 26,4 20,3 94 25,8 56,5 10,4 42,0 15,4 36,0
20 3,O
11,3 16,5
21 28,6 99 28,8 61,3 46,0 39,2
22,5 G2 314
22 24,4 31,0 24,0 106 31,l 3,7 67,0 12,2 50,o 18,0 43,0
47,5
23 26,0 26,0 112 32,6 72,8 13,3 19,5
WO 4,1 54,5
24 27,5 37,0 28,0 119 34,0 79,4 14,3 59,5 21,0 52,0
4,5
28,8 40,4 30,o 126 35,0 86,O 15,5 65,0 57,0
25 5,O 22,s
-____
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 EI
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (concluded)
60 - 80° N, July
Based on circular no rmal law of distribution
Actual obserb lations
Geopotential
- - 1% -rr 10 % 20 %
altitude H,
II
V V
km I/x V,a Or max SC
low 1 high low high low high
I
4,6 - - - - _ -
0 5,0 -
02 49
. I I I I I
I I 1 -~
-
16,0 11,3
1 18 3,O 3,7 9,5
04 68 7,6 7,l
-
2 18,5 13,l 10,6
I6 7,5 8,4 7,6 18 3,O 4,5
61 21,0 15,0 12,l
3 29 W 9,3 W LO 3,l 5,O
10,5 64 23,5 17,0 14,0
4 3,O 9,5 93 LO 3,4 5,3
67 11,l 26,0 19,0 16,0
5 10,8 11,6 18 5,7
3,6 a7
6 12,3 13,7 74 12,9 28,5 21,5 6,3 18,5
4,5 LO 4,1
7 14,0 15,9 85 15,0 32,5 24,4 21,5
5,3 12 4,7 710
15,9 17,7 99 16,7 37,5 27,9 24,0
8 L6 5,3 8,O
17,l 18,6 17,6 41,0 30,o 25,0
9 109 zo 5,9 8,8
17,0 39,6 27,5 23,2
10 16,7 17,9 107 15 5 ‘7 8,4
6,7
23,6 20,2
11 14,9 15,6 96 15,2 35,5
6,5 12 5,5 7 ‘5
29,2
12 12,3 12,5 83 12,4 20,6 17,5
60 LO 4,7 6,7
15,2
13 10,3 10,5 76 10,5 25,0 18,0
5,2 13 4,O 517
71 21,5 15,5 13,0
14 4,3 8,7 8,9 8,9 LO 3,5 4,7
65 18,5 13,5 11,3
15 7,8 7,7 LO 2,7 4,O
3,4 73
15,8 11,7
16 61 LO 22 3,2 9,6
2,5 6,3 TO 618
17 59 14,l 2,o 10,4 8,5
115 5,6 6,4 5,9 LO 2,7
58 13,0 23 7,6
18 66 52 5,9 513 to zo 9,5
60 12,4
19 -0,3 5,6 V LO lt9 9,l 2,6 7J
12,0
20 -1,3 60 43 LO 1,9 9,O 2,7 6,9
43 5,3
60 12,0
21 -2,z 5,2 LO zo 9,O 3,O TO
4,8 5,2
12,3
22 -3,0 57 18 zo 9,1 310 7,4
5,l 5,O 5,3
12,9
23 -3,6 54 LO zo 9,4 3,O 7,9
5,5 5,O 5,6
13,6
24 -4,3 50 LO / zo W 3,O 8,5
61 5,O 5,9
14,5 10,o
-4,8 47 zo 3,O 9,3
25 619 511 60 18
IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s
January
-
-
H
Station
V
Vs v, max
Y-Y a,
km
- -
-
Surface - l,o -1,5
3,2
2 -1,5 48
5,7 -0,z 5,8 4,O
7,O 50
22 lt3 6,3 5,2
6 10,5 30
79 2,3 6,3 6,3
8 17,9 15,2 52
3,l 7,6 8,O
10 25,3 72 10,l
Z8 3,2 9,8
12 33,0 30,4 12,4
72 11,4
1,6
14 28,3 26,0 11,7
67 10,9
2,4
16 20,7 18,5 58 10,o
3,4 9,O
18 14,2 10,9 45
29 9,5 68
20 31
9,9 3,2 LO 9,4 5,2
22 - l,o 22
9,2 Or5 9,6 4,8
24 10,7 -2,0 20 10,3
0,5 5,8
25 11,6 -2,z -0,5 19 10,8
- - -
Surface 0,5 -3,l
6,5
2 13,4 11,2 -3,4 31
6,4 67
4 23,6 - 1,l 52
223 8,3 79
E
6 35,5 33,6 72 10,9
Or9 9,l
II
8 57,4 W6 113 13,5 12,8
-c
w 124
10 70,o 15,5 15,2
@V 9,O
cog
Eo
12 67,4 65,2 IO,6 99 16,6 14,3
; ‘g
o ”-
2 II
14 59,6 57,2 104 15,3 11,6
9,3
Y-G
16 47,2 45,6 102 13,3
62 82
z
?o
c-9
29,0 84
18 26,0 11,o
3,2 63
;5;
II
20 13,6 11,o 62
118 9,4 6,4
s
22 10,5 52 10,o
3,6 03 5,8
24 -0,8 48 11,4
9,3 or4 5,l
25 -2,4 46 12,4
910 09 4,8
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s (conc/&ed)
January
-_
H,
Station V
I/s v, max *X
a,
km
- -
-
Surface -1,6
3,7 33
2 15,8 12,0 -2,l 44
8,4 9,5
4 23,3 19,5 -0,5 55 11,4
12,0
E
6 31,0 26,5
74 15,2 15,6
Of0
b
II
38,l
8 32,8 -0,l 89 18,8 18,5
-s
10 42,8 -0,l 92 19,2 18,8
38,3
12 39,8 36,2 82 16,4
02 16,3
14 33,5 32,l 69
02 12,9 12,5
16 27,4 26,0
OJ 9,5 8,6
zr>
m
21,2
18 20,4 42
033 7,5 53
F7
II
14,8
s 20 14,4 37
lr5 6 ‘7 3,7
22 13,l 12,3 37
22 7,l 3,6
24 13,3 12,5 40
23 81
4,8
25 13,7 12,8 41
3,l 83 5,6
- - -
Surface -2,0
815 12
2 12,l -0,l 48 10,3
4,2 9,l
4 14,6 -l,o 76 11,3 11,7
6 19,2 -2,8 94 14,0 14,7
9,9
E
Q)
II
8 24,0 13,2 -4,7 94
17,2 17,9
e
10 23,5 14,3 -4,6
95 18,3 17,9
.
$3
12 15,6 -4,Z 95 16,4 16,5
Z8
z&l
s II
14 94
24,2 18,5 -4,7 15,6 15,6
5*
-3
z
16 25,8 19,8 -5,Z 87 16,l 14,4
ii
In
18 26,8 19,5 -4,0 74 18,4 12,3
E
II
20 27,2 18,3 -2,0 69 21,3
9 9,5
- -
- - - -
- - - - - -
- - - - - -
IS0 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s
January
- -
-
M
V
Station
I/s max
Vx vv
km
- - -
-5,0 -3,0
Surface 62
-7,5 -0,6 4,8 3,9
2 833
-5,7 34 5,O 49
4 09
7,8
E
27 418
P 6 -5,0 13 4,9
V--
II
8 -3,4 L6 52 43
6,9
Is:
w
-1,5 24
10 13 5,5 4,5
6,3
12 5,2 5,l
7,3 or0 3,9
ES
z-
u II
14 -2,3 5,2 5,7
82 5,O
-t
-5,0 73 5,3 5,9
Z 16 912 5,2
iy,
-4,0 63 5,6 43
18 3,l
%
F-
II
-1,5 48 3,l
20 Or5 61
6,3
22 -3,l 61 u 23
24 -6,5 02 8,6 2,9
9,3
10,3 -8,l 9,6 3,l
25 013
-
- -
Surface 0,3 OJ
-0,z -4,7 29 4,6 515
7,5
-0,4 -3,Z 30 68
4 66
E
-2,3 36
6 10,6 8,5 8,4
Of0
m
40 IO,4 9,5
II 8 11,8 -0,6
<
11,o 40 9,8 8,4
W 10 1,s 015
b,
38 66
12 19 8,3
9,6 3,5
&
(D*
‘q -
44 68
d: II 14 11,2 2,9 86
5,7
ci
13,0 9,3 72
16 7,6 418
Z
i;
(u
10,3
0 15,0 50 7,7
18 8,4 6,9
II
48 11,5
17,0 8,5
20 84 9,3
s
10,8 51 13,3 9,9
22 19,3 9,6
11,6
12,9 11,6 60 16,0
W3
12,5
15,2 11,9 66 17,8
25 25,0
~~ ---
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 E)
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s (concluded)
July
- - -
I I I I
I I
Statil
IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians
140° E, January
1 57 15 53 74 87
65 79 62 70 32 49 64 107 75 278 84 100 73 285 93
2 73 24 83 70 100 75 84 64 73 12 340 70 141 120 271 92 135 108 281 107
3 80 32 90 66 98 64 86 67 80 44 274 76 185 170 269 100 170 137 280 121
4 80 38 92 66 97 66 89 72 110 80 266 91 255 238 267 113 210 173 275 141
78 45 93 66 95 71 93 77 142 116 263 108 322 309 266 125 248 209 272 161
80 52 93 66 92 74 96 81
6 177 149 261 123 396 374 265 139 282 246 270 177
7 89 67 95 65 92 72 99 81 201 166 261 126 464 434 264 156 310 283 268 191
8 98 81 96 65 90 68 102 80 227 183 260 129 530 495 263 174 343 322 266 205
9 108 95 96 65 88 65 104 80 252 200 260 131 600 555 262 191 375 354 265 214
118 106 98 68 88 81 280 219 259 134 640 586 262 205 396 366 264 208
10 63 109
85 300 240 259 137 650 600 262 218 404 378 263 202
11 130 107 104 79 88 66 118
12 141 108 109 90 90 71 125 90 306 261 259 140 638 616 262 231 390 374 263 192
13 150 111 108 94 92 78 125 91 285 256 258 137 588 572 262 214 372 359 263 179
14 90 256 231 256 129 540 524 262 194 354 343 263 166
155 113 104 95 100 86 121
15 160 115 101 95 110 95 118 88 228 208 255 122 490 475 261 175 336 328 263 153
16 158 119 97 95 125 103 115 86 200 183 252 114 440 427 261 155 317 310 263 14:
17 150 111 95 97 130 99 113 86 170 153 250 108 380 363 261 143 278 265 261 139
18 n 114 86 138 116 249 104 310 291 260 133 240 222 259 137
138 89 95 100 120
78 246 100 243 219 259 124 200 178 256 136
19 127 68 96 104 98 55 113 86 108
20 116 47 96 107 85 34 114 86 78 40 237 96 175 146 257 115 162 135 251 134
21 108 42 95 111 82 28 107 88 56 16 200 93 123 91 252 108 133 106 246 133
22 94 115 84 47 97 94 50 16 134 56 247 105 121
108 58 89 106 85 240 133
23 114 74 94 119 92 66
24 122 90 93 124 102 86
25 134 106 93 128 116 105
* The Vsa, Vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
IS0 587891982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
MO0 E, January
(0 = 5o" tp = 60° cp = 7o" p = 80°
Geopotential
altitude H,
7; 0""
km vr* 0"" or* V,* 0 ** Or* V,* 0"" Or*
Vsa" Vsa" %a*
Vsa*
- - - - - - - -
0 45 11 225
1 93 47 329 84 57 11 5 61 72 8 230 84
73 22 77
2 104 58 324 97 72 29 15 71 82 17 200 95
91 23 165
109 55 311 24
3 110 80 19 84 91 23 187 107 105 32 192
4 120 56 300 124 93 15 37 106 105 36 193 122 117 38 208
5 135 61 290 138 113 10 84 127 127 49 196 138
130 48 217
6 149 68 283 146 123 9 126 134
142 57 194 148 140 50 216
75 277 153
7 160 125 11 158 139 153 64 191 158 148 50 212
8 167 83 272 160 122 15 177 145 160 73 188 167 155 51 210
9 167 93 269 158 112 23 189 138 160 79 192 162
160 59 211
10 160 103 267 147 105 36 197 123 151
86 200 147 162 73 213
153 114 265 136
11 102 48 202 108 140 93 206 132 162 86 215
12 154 121 262 135 110 60 212 111 140 110 212 135 158 87 216
13 158 128 260 135 120 72 218 114 149 127 217 139 155 88 218
14 167 134 258 134 132 85 223 117 165 145 221 143
153 90 219
174 141 256 134
15 149 99 227 120 190 163 224 146 153 90 221
179 143 253 136
16 164 115 227 129 225 189 225 159 159 101 225
17 178 140 249 139 176 134 226 141 257 217 226 176 170 116 230
18 175 137 244 142 188 152 225 153 280 246 226 193 194 131 233
170 135 240 146 200 170 224 166 300 274 226 211
19 215 147 235
20 168 134 235 149 213 189 224 177 311 291 226 229 250 157 231
21 163 133 231 151 227 203 223 166 313 279 222 251 273 166 219
22 162 132 226 153 242 219 223 156 313 268 218 272 295 181 209
165 133 221 154 257 234 222 312 259 213 294 318 202 200
23 146
170 134 216 155 279 246 222
24 136 308 251 208 316 343 225 193
25 178 136 211 157 286 264 222 126 310 246 203 337 359 252 188
’ The Vsa, V, and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by IO.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (conGnu&
140° E, July
tp = o” = loo
Geopotential 9
altitude H,
- - -
km F&* Vr* 0 ** (T,” v,* 0"" CT," v * I(* 0”” or* k;" 0"" or* v * vr* o** or*
Vsa" sa Ka" Sa
- - - -
0 35 9 238 - 43 6 218 - 52 28 132 - 40 22 193 -
1 50 6 211 56 60 10 114 75 80 26 129 77 64 18 270 86 65 38 235 76
20 101 74
60 8 145 65 70 87 26 118 74 76 26 286 84 86 60 255 79
65 18 106 74 73 29 100 72 73 31 103 71 78 28 270 82 98 74 269 83
72 26 101 75 77 36 101 74 77 33 101 74 80 29 272 83 115 89 273 88
5 80 33 99 74 80 42 101 77 78 34 98 77 81 29 278 85 132 105 274 93
6 84 40 97 73 86 47 102 79 82 35 98 80 84 30 285 88 148 122 276 101
85 49 96 74 83 50 100 77 80 32 94 80 27 298 94 170 139 276 121
7 85
85 58 95 74 81 52 98 75 78 30 88 80 27 315 99 194 155 277
8 88 140
79 54 96 73 77 28 84 79 216 171 277 160
9 86 66 94 75 91 28 330 105
10 90 74 92 79 81 56 93 76 79 31 75 83 96 30 345 113 240 189 278 179
97 47 69 96
11 100 78 89 88 90 58 85 89 107 31 360 127 264 207 281 199
12 110 82 84 98 loo 60 78 101 117 64 65 109 116 35 13 140 278 225 283 219
13 118 78 83 98 105 66 77 102 130 81 66 110 120 42 28 141 264 212 285 211
14 99 65 84 92 104 73 77 94 136 99 69 101 119 55 41 128 234 180 286 186
15 76 53 85 85 103 81 78 87 145 116 70 92 117 69 47 116 198 149 289 162
68 41 86 79 102 88 78 79 152 134 72 83 116 85 52 104 160 119 293 137
17 73 35 87 79 100 98 80 75 158 147 74 76 114 96 51 92 123 87 300 116
119 115 82 77 169 153 78 73
18 82 36 88 85 114 100 66 81 102 55 312 103
177 161 82 69
19 90 36 90 92 136 132 85 79 114 106 74 69 86 32 349 90
20 100 37 92 98 154 148 86 81 188 168 86 65 120 113 81 58 77 38 50 77
21 110 49 93 106 170 165 88 85 196 178 89 63 130 123 86 48 80 66 74 64
22 120 84 93 115 186 183 89 95 203 192 90 69 147 133 88 49 96 80 80 66
23 132 119 92 124 202 201 90 105 210 205 91 75 162 144 89 51 114 93 85 68
24 220 219 90 115 220 219 91 81 178 154 90 53 130 108 88 70
149 148 92 133
172 171 240 238 91 126 235 233 92 88 195 165 91 55 148 122 90 72
25 92 141
* The &a, Vr and err, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (cont/i7ued)
MO0 E, July
tp = 60° p = 7o”
Geopotential = 5o” = 80°
0 0
altitude H, ’
-
V,* 0”” or* Vsa* Vr* @ ** or* Fsa* V,* 0 ** Or* Vsa+ Vr* 0””
km
Ka”
0 - - - - - - - - - - - 11 235
- 55
1 66 10 233 71 - 4 315 73 60 286 260
7 70 73 20
77 21 253 82 64 7 304 79 72 20 288 80 76 31 268
3 86 31 272 92 75 17 287 85 81 31 285 89 79 43 271
4 96 41 276 100 88 24 289 99 92 45 282 107 105 58 270
5 109 52 279 107
100 32 288 113 108 58 280 125 132 73 269
122 63 281 119 112 40 289 128 129 70 279 145 165 80 269
7 140 75 283 138 130 50 290 145 151 80 280 169 183 79 269
8 159 88 285 158 149 59 290 163 167 91 281 192 185 79 269
9 180 100 286 178 164 69 290 180 172 101 281 216 177 78 269
10 115
207 285 190 171 74 290 179 168 95 283 195 150 67 268
11 220 133 284 196 168 77 289 167 155 87 284 161 119 55 268
12 218 150 282 202 155 80 288 156 125 77 287 130 92 44 267
13 193 136 284 183 135 68 290 136 103 66 290 118 74 39 267
14 164 115 286 159 115 56 291 116 89 55 292 106 60 35 267
135 96 289 136 95 44 294 97 78 44 298 94 50 30 266
16 109 77 293 112 76 32 298 77 69 34 306 83 42 25 265
17 86 58 300 96 59 21 311 64 63 26 320 74 39 20 267
18 75 37 311 90 49 14 348 61 60 21 344 13 274
68 39
19 71 21 344 85 31
47 17 58 60 22 13 63 40 7 286
20 71 23 45 79 26 55
51 55 60 26 36 57 40 4 360
21 72 41 72 74 56 36 66 52 62
33 51 51 40 9 49
22 82 53 78 76 67 46 72 53 66
41 62 52 43 14 58
23 94 65 80 78 75 57 75
55 70 48 69 53 46 19 61
24 106 77 82 81
84 67 78 58 76 56 74 53 48 24 63
25 120 90
84 84 92 77 80 60 83 65 78 54 51 29 64
* The Vsa, Vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
Is0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (El
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians kontk-wed)
80° E, January
(0 = o” = loo fTp = zoo qJ = 3o” $9 = 4o”
Geopotential v3
altitude H,
-
V,* 0"" or* Via* V,* @ ** 17,* Vsa* Vr* @ ** or* Vsa* Vr* 0"" Or* F&* Vr* 8"" Or*
km Vsa"
0 42 6 239 -
43 19 90 - _ _ _ - - - - - - -
- -
1 55 35 301 51 61 48 72 38 50
12 9 57 - - - - - - - -
2 61 47 298 53 65 52 70 45
61 14 278 60 - - - - - - - -
3 64 42 284 54 50 33 72 52 78 42 280 63 - - - 3 50 29 272 52
4 66 24 289 57 55 28 71 60 107 72
276 72 80 39 270 37 76 52 272 63
5 69 8 346
59 64 25 66 68 137 103 274 83 141 81 270 76 100 76 272 73
6 73 18 68 62 72 22 66 77 166
134 273 94 195 128 270 111 128 100 274 88
7 80 33 92 64 81 11
90 88 193 160 269 108 239 186 271 134 158 125 277 110
86 49 102 66 91 8 173 99 219 188 266 121 283 244 272 157
188 150 279 131
9 93 66 106 68 100 19 205 110 245 214 264 135 328 302 272 180 217 175 281 153
10 103 77 108 75 110 32 210 120 270 236 261 146 373 340 271 189 244 203 281 145
11 117 75 111 89 121 49 205 127 287 245 258
152 413 368 271 191 260 231 280 135
12 130 73 115 103 133 65 203 135
294 255 256 158 430 396 270 193 258 248 280 127
13 131 65 115
106 134 63 201 135 279 246 256 157 393 360 270 179 250
240 280 123
14 126 54 112 102 128 49 199 130 260 225 257 151 355 323
269 165 241 230 280 119
15 120 43 108 98 123 34 193 125 242 204
258 146 320 286 268 151 233 222 280 115
16 114 33 101 94 117 120
21 180 223 184 260 140 282 249 267 137 226 213 280 111
17 118 23 95 93 113
12 176 115 203 159 261 135 251 213 266 125 217 198 278 118
124 13 99 98 108 13 208 110 186 127 261 130 225 177 265
114 208 182 275 126
19 129 4 135 103 105 16 235 106 168 97 260 126 200 140 265 103 198 165 271 134
20 134 7 248 107 100 22 248 101 150 67 259
122 174 104 263 92 189 150 267 147
21 137 8 245 107
97 21 255 99 132 42 259 116 150 79 264 88 182 140 266 147
22 138 10 114 98
98 6 256 103 114 25 267 109 128 67 268 93 175 132 267 151
23 140 25 100 89 105 9 72 107 96 11 300 101 107 55
275 97 170 125 268 155
24 140 41 97 80 118 25 73 111
78 14 24 94 85 45 285 102 164 117 269 159
25 141 56 96 71 131 40 74 115
60 29 47 86 64 37 300 106 158 109 270 163
* The Vsa, Vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
IS0 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
80° E, January
tp = 5o”
p = 60° ql = 7o” p = 80°
Geopotential
altitude H,
-
v,* 0”” or* ysa* v,* @** (i,* Vsa* v,* 0”” or* Vsa* q* 0””
V”
km
sa
0 - - - - - - -
- - - - - 42 12 125
70 21 221 65 100 62 249
95 80 21 259 97 78 17 79
2 89 43 249 91 129 92 261
106 104 44 277 109 95 18 81
3 101 60 266 117
144 108 269 117 122 62 280 123 105
12 51
4 118 68 271 128
158 118 273 129 140 78 287 140 116 17 343
5 140 76 275 139 178 129 276 140 160 95 291 157 129 33 320
6 153 88 280 150 197 137 279 154 171 106 293 166 37 317
7 162 102 285 162 213 144 281 169 178 116 294 175 148 42 314
8 167 117 290 174 224 150 283
184 182 127 296 184 152 46 312
9 172 132
292 182 230 160 285 190 180 129 294 176 150 44 314
10 184 145 290 171 230 171 285 180 170 123 291 156 136 40 320
11 202 158 288 159 228 182 285 169 160 118 287 137 112 36 324
12 212 166 286 150 230 189 284 166 153 122 283 136 33 312
13 214 171 284 144 232 195 284
165 148 126 280 136 100 33 297
14 214 177 281 138 238 200 283 163 148 130 277 135 103 34 284
15 214 182 280 132 244 205 283 161 150 134 274 135 110 37 272
16 214 188 277 130 256 214 280 163 160 143 269 146 47 260
17 218 194 275 139
273 226 277 168 178 154 264 160 120 58 253
18 225 200 274 147 295 239 275
172 205 166 260 174 122 71 248
19 235 207
272 156 317 252 272 177 234 178 256 189 128 83 245
20 247 214 270 165 331 260 270 184 255 165 251 208 143 68 219
21 254 216 269 183 326 251 270 201 263 133 241 230 191 74 176
22 256 218 267 201 313 242 270
217 262 108 227 252 243 109 151
23 247
220 265 219 296 234 270 234 249
93 205 274 292 154 139
24 246
222 264 238 273 224 270 250 230
94 181 297 320 203 132
25 246 224 262 256
276 215 270 267 215 111 160 319 335 253 129
I---
* The Vsa, Vr and err, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
IS0 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (confjnued)
80° E, July
p = o” cp = loo (i9 = 20" p = 3o"
Geopotential
altitude
...

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 58784982/ADDENDUM 1
Published 1983-02-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.ME>I(fiYHAPO,IJHAR OPl-AHM3AL&lR l-l0 CTAH~[e-mail] INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Reference atmospheres
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
Addendum 1 to International Standard ISO 5878 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraftandspace vehicles, and
was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Austria India Romania
Belgium Italy South Africa, Rep. of
Brazil Spain
Japan
Canada Korea, Rep. of Turkey
United Kingdom
Czechoslovakia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
France Mexico USA
Germany, F. R. Netherlands USSR
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Ref. no. : ISO 5878.1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
UDC 551.55
Descriptors : aerodynamics, atmospheres, standard atmosphere, winds, characteristics, computation, meteorological data.
@ International Organization for Standardization, 1983 0
Printed in Switzerland Price based on 58 pages

Page
Contents
0 Introduction . 3
1 Scope and field of application 3
..............................................................................
2 Methodological aspects and analysis of the data. 3
..............................................................
3 Windmodels . 4
4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use of the circular normal distribution . 5
Tableslto5 . 6-49
Figureslto8 . 50-57
Bibliography . 58
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Reference atmospheres
*
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
0 Introducti0n It seems reasonable, therefore, the present wind data, aver-
in the form of this addendum to
aged over major regions,
A specification summarizing the characteristics of the wind is ISO 5878.
required for many practical problems, such as aircraft design,
the planning and operation of air routes and airfields, estimates
of the global transport of atmospheric contaminants, etc., in
1 Scope and field of application
which the wind is one of the primary factors.
The addendum presents data on spatial distribution of wind
Air motions in the atmosphere occur as a result of phenomena
characteristics, for use in estimating the performance of aircraft
related to air temperature and atmospheric pressure, the nature
in the design stage or of aircraft already in service, for planning
of the surface over which the air is moving, the rotation of the
air routes and for estimating the global transport of atmospheric
earth, etc. Such a complex relationship leads to large wind
contaminants.
variations in time and space, including the seasonal variation of
the general circulation of the atmosphere and the formation of
disturbances on a wide range of scales from that of cyclones
and anticyclones to that of small-scale turbulence.
2 Methodological aspects and analysis of
the data
The observed features of the wind distribu tion in the meridional
plane are as follows :
The tables and graphs given are based on a comprehensive
study and statistical analysis of wind data for the earth’s sur-
a) a predominantly easterly component in the airflow of
face and eight isobaric surfaces over the northern hemisphere.
the lower and middle troposphere of tropical latitudes, and
in the whole of the atmosphere in equatorial latitudes;
The analysis is based on a large and uniform statistical sample,
the major part of which has been published[3# 41- About two
million observations from 369 aerological stations for the nine-
b) the existence of systematic meridional components in
year period 1957 to 1965 were processed. In addition, statistical
the zone 0 to 30° N - a northerly component in the lower
data from 50 further station& 61 were included in the analyses.
troposphere and a southerly component in the middle
Other works[lI 21 were also used.
troposphere;
The following maps were compiled on the basis of the average
c) a predominantly westerly flow in sub-tropical latitudes
monthly wind characteristics at the main isobaric surfaces :
(30 to 4OO); the wind speed increases sharply with altitude,
reaching a maximum at altitudes of 10 to 13 km in the sub-
a) mean scalar wind speed,
tropical jet stream; v,;
b) mean zona1 component component
d) in temperate latitudes (40 to 600), a generally westerly vector
mean wind), VX;
flow having a wave-like form; jet streams with axes at
altitudes of about 8 to 9 km are associated with systems of
mobile cyclones and are therefore more variable than the
mean meridional component meridional component of
cl
sub-tropical jet stream and much of the detail of their
the vector mean wind), vY;
structure and location is lost in the averaging process;
d) standard deviation of the zona1 component of the wind,
e) in the stratosphere, the air flow is characterized by a
0x;
seasonal of monsoon-type of direction change; to the north
of 30° N, westerly winds occur in winter, changing to
e) standard deviation of the meridional component of the
easterly in summer, with negative wind shears (wind speed
wind, ay.
decreasing with height) prevailing in the altitude range 9 to
20 km; to the north of 60 to 65O N, abrupt positive wind
The seasonal changes of the wind characteristics at the dif-
shears prevail in winter, and there is a strong westerly jet
ferent isobaric surfaces and the effects of topography and sur-
stream in the polar stratosphere.
face roughness were taken into account in the analysis of the
maps and in drawing isotachs.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and several
countries have published detailed tables and atlases of the wind
The information read off at the grid points at intervals of 10° of
characteristics[lI 2, 71, and these cari be used to provide infor-
mation in the form required for a given purpose. However, it longitude and 10° of latitude for the earth’s surface and for the
850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100, 50 and 30 mbar isobaric surfaces
would probably be wrong to expect the specialist user, who
served as a basis for the calculation of the average wind
may not be a meteorologist, to extract the required information
characteristics within each of the latitude zones.
from the huge store of climatological material available.
ISO 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Thus the mean value for a zone, v, of a characteristic is given
4) polar zone, 60 - 80° N (zone of the polar-night
by the equation : stratospheric westerly jet stream of winter);
1 n
=- 5) meridional cross-section along 140° E : this illustra-
v Vi . . .
(1)
c
n
.
tes the circulation near the east Asian coastline of the
I= 1
Pacifie Ocean, where the sub-tropical jet stream reaches
and the corresponding standard deviation, o, by
its maximum intensity;
6) meridional cross-section along 80° E : this illustrates
(21 the circulation over the Siberian anticyclone in winter,
the jet streams over Tibet, the monsoon circulation over
India and the easterly jet stream over the northern parts
of the Indian Ocean;
where
q is the monthly mean value of the cha racteristic at the
7) meridional cross-section along 20’ E : the meridian
i-th grid point;
crosses eastern Europe and central Africa, and the cross-
section is characteristic of the area of cyclonic activity
is the standard deviation at the i-th grid point;
Oi over Europe and the Mediterranean and of the sub-
tropical jet stream over northern Africa;
n is the number of grid points within the region of averag-
ing; for each latitude circle, n = 36.
8) meridional cross-section along 80° W : the meridian
crosses the eastern regions of North America and the
For each isobaric surface the mean values of the zona1 and
Caribbean Sea, and the profile illustrates the jet streams
meridional components of the wind and the values of the scalar
over the western Atlantic.
mean wind speed were calculated from equation (11, and the
standard deviations of the components from equation (2). Then
each of the wind characteristics was plotted as a function of
The values of the quantities describing the wind fields, ob-
the geopotential altitude H, using the mean value of Hfor each
tained for the altitude range 0 to 25 km from actual observa-
isobaric surface. The values interpolated from these plots for
tions and by estimation using the circular normal distribution,
the required values of H were used in constructing the tables.
are presented for the above models for January and July.
The following quantities were obtained from the actual obser-
3 Wind models
vations :
Taking into account the features of the atmospheric circulation
-
mean
mean zona1 component of the wind, VX, and
-
over the northern hemisphere, namely the presence of long
meridional component of the wind, VY;
waves within certain latitude zones and the existence of jet
-
streams in certain locations, the wind fields may be represented
-
vector mean wind, vr, magnitude of the vector mean
by the following models :
wind, vr, and direction of the vector mean wind, 8;
the scalar mean wind speed, FS.;
a) For latitude zones; in addition, within each latitude zone
data derived from actual observations are given for two
-
standard deviation of the vector mean wind, a,;
selected stations, one with very strong winds and the other
with very light winds (tables 1, 2, 3; figures 1 to 4).
-
maximum wind speed observed once in ten years, v,,,.
b) For meridional cross-sections (tables 4, 5; figures 5 to 8)
supplement the models and illustrate the global circulation
The speeds equalled or exceeded on 1, 10,20,80,90 and 99 %
over the northern hemisphere.
of occasions were calculated using the circular normal distribu-
tion. The scalar mean wind speed, &, for each zone was both
for the followi ng latitude
Specifically, models are presented
obtained from the actual observations, vsa, and calculated
zones and meridians :
using the law of circular normal distribution, vs,.
1) tropical zone, 0 - 20’ N (zone of the trade-wind cir-
given only
For four meridional sections the mean speed V, is
culation and easterly jet streams in the near-equatorial -
based on actual observations
v,a-
Upper troposphere and stratosphere);
2) sub-tropical zone, 20 - 40° N (region of the strong
4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use
westerly sub-tropical jet stream (at altitudes of 10 to
of the circular normal distribution
13 km);
Wind is a vector. In a sample of a large number of winds
3) temperate zone, 40 observed over a long period of time, each individual vector is a
- 60° N (zone of strong cyc-
lonic activity and maximum horizontal turbulent stochastic, or random, value, and for estimating wind distribu-
exchange); tions, probability theory may be used. For the calculation of the
above 20° N, where
characteristics, the circular normal distribution mav be used, characteristics for latitude v,, does
.
the probability density, f(v), being given by the equation :
not exceed 6 % of VX, and the absolute value isAnot mor’e than
1 m/s, it is assumed that vV = 0, SO that Fr = 1 yrl = 1 vXi. This
I \
allows the basic parameters of the distribution for zones 20 -
2 vv,
2v
V =- e-(v2+ P~)/C$ x 1 1 - 1 . . .
f( ) (3) - 80° N to be determined by VX and or
4o”, 40 - 60° and 60
a2 0 2
r Or
only.
where :
The values of wind speed which are likely to be equalled or
exceeded on 1, 10, 20, 80, 90 and 99 % of occasions may be
v is the wind speed;
estimated from equation (3). The expected scalar mean speed,
VS, is given by equation (4) (mathematical expectation) :
v, is the magnitude of the vector mean wind;
CO
is the standard deviation of the vector mean wind;
(5
v,, = . . .
f(v) Vdv (4)
c
is the zero-order Bessel function of
I,(x) imaginary argu-
ment.
The analysis of the scalar mean speed derived from observa-
The circular normal distribution law may be regarded as valid
tions, and calculated from the circular normal distribution for
for the four latitude zones, since aX = a, = a,/ 1/z, taking into
each zone confirms that the circular normal distribution may be
account that or = d= a, + a,, with an accuracy acceptable for used to calculate the values of wind speed with an accuracy
most practical purposes. In addition, for calculating the mean
suff icient for most practical purposes.
[SO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second
0 - 20° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r r
Geopotential
altitude H,
1% 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V
km
v, v, max
‘y
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
-2,9 -1,6
55 3,O 3J
-
-3,9 -1,2 l4,7 ll,o
V 59 60 1,o 3,O 3,O %O
-
-2,7 -0,7 15,2
72 64 62 J#O 3,O lO,7 3,O w3
-1,6 -0,3 Il,0
72 TO 60 16,0 310 98
6,3 LO 3,O
-0,7 -0,2
59 17,0 Il,6
7,7 A7 AO J#O 2,8 3,3 %7
5 -0,l 59 18,5 l2,7 10,8
02 815 8,5 v 1,o 3,O 3,5
6 -0,l 61 20,7 14,3 12,2
12 W 93 815 LO 3,O 4,3
7 10,9 10,5 67 23,5 16,4 13,8
23 w 13 5,O
9,7 3,4
8 Il,6 76 Il,0 18,8 15,8
4,8 02 12,3 26,5
L7 4,O 62
014 l3,7 l2,7 80 12,6 30,3 21,7 18,0
68 28 43 74
10 15,4 13,7 78 14,3 25,0 20,8
83 LO zo 34,5 5,5 8,5
11 10,5 l7,2 14,9 73 15,9 27,5 23,2
22 zo 32 6,5 9‘4
12 11,5 18,8 15,9 70 16,9 29,5 25,8
23 2,O 40,5 7,O 93
13 11,2 18,6 l5,7 73 16,5 28,7 25,0
Z8 Jr7 402 6,5 914
14 16,9 14,5 15,o 26,0
9,7 2,3 85 37,7 8,3 22,5
19 5,7
15,l
15 13,4 94 l3,7 34,0 23,5 20,3
8,O L8 12 5,O 73
16 13,6 12,4 100 12,2 29,8 21,2 18,0
61 69 18 43 615
17 12,l 11,5 96 10,9 25,6 19,0 16,0
4,6 w 18 4,O 59
18 10,8 l7,4 14,3
0,3 10,8 82 10,o 23,2 5,5
33 LO 316
19 10,l 65 16,2 52 13,0
v 02 917 93 LO zo 3,4
20 54 21,3 15,4 12,3
67 OJ 8,7 w 8,7 LO 3,2 5,O
21 -0,4 48 21,0 15,o 12,0
0, 0 914 8,5 J,O 3,O 5,O
22 -1,3 -0,l 44 21,0 15,2 12,2
f3,6 99 J,O 5,O
8,6 3,O
-2,1 15,6 12,6
23 -0,2 42 21,5 5,O
32 917 817 J#O 3,O
13,3
24 - 2,9 -0,2 10,3 39 16,3 5,O
93 93 Jr0 22,3 3,O
14,2
25 -3,5 -0,2 10,9 Il,4 38 10,7 23,3 17,0
1,o 3,O 5,O
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (conhued)
0 - ZOO N, July
r
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential
altitude H,
1 % 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V
km
Ka *r max
low
low high low high high
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,6
02 52 3,4 3,O
-
- 1,4 15,8 12,0 10,o
0,3 7,8 70 6,4 w 2,3 0
-
- 2,2 16,4 12,0 10,o
02 73 7‘4 633 LO 2,5 4,O
- 2,8 -0,l 16,8 12,0 10,o
8,O 60 LO 4,O
76 7,2 3,O
4 - 3,2 61 l7,5 12,7 10,2
oro 73 76 714 w 3,O 410
5 - 3,6 61 18,3 13,3 10,5
w 7,8 7,4 7,3 Jr0 310 0
6 - 3,9 60 19,0 14,0 11,O
02 73 7,4 T4 LO 310 4,O
7 14,l 11,2
- 4,l 02 8,O 7,6 58 LO 19,5 3,O 410
14,4 Il,7
8 - 4,3 02 58 20,o 42
8,3 79 8,1 1,o 3,O
14,5 12,5
9 - 4,4 59 20,5
OJ 8,8 8,4 8,4 LO 3,O 43
10 - 4,5 -0,l 10,2 61 15,8 14,0
94 92 J,O zo 32 5,2
11 - 4,8 -0,5 12,4 12,4 65 Il,8 26,8 19,0 17,0
1,o 3,4 610
12 - 5,4 -0,8 13,6 14,0 69 13,4 31,2 19,5
1,1 4,7 22,3 6,7
- 6,5 -0,7 13,8 14,3 73 14,2 23,5 20,2
13 12 ao 5,4 7,4
14 - 7,6 76 24,0 20,l
-0,3 l3,7 14,0 l3,7 1,4 5,7 7,8
33,5
15 - 8,8 13,6 13,5 79 l5,O 33,5 24,0 20,o
OfO 1,6 60 8,O
16 - 9,9 13,4 12,8 80 15,5 24,0 20,o
02 V3 33,2 610 82
17 -10,8 13,2 11,9 78 16,3 32,5 23,8 20,o
0,3 zo 62 82
15,4 23,4 20,o
18 -Il,6 0,3 14,0 10,8 70 2,3 31,5 6,5 8,5
14,2 23,0 20,3
19 -12,3 14,8 10,o 61 30,7 70 %O
02 2,5
20,6
20 -13,l l5,7 53 l3,7 30,o 278 93
02 9,6 2,s 7,5
23,5 10,5 21,3
21 -14,l l6,7 51 13,8 30,5
02 w 3J 82
25,0 11,3
22 -15,2 17,9 51 l4,7 32,4 z7
Ot3 93 3,5 83
12,2
23 19,2 10,5 63 16,0 27,0 24,3
-16,5 03 3,8 w7 93
-17,8 20,5 Il,1 70 17,4 37,3 10,o 29,0 13,0 27,3
24 07 4,O
Il,9 77 l8,7 10,7 31,5 14,0 28,3
25 - 19,2 21,9 4,5 4-02
J,O
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind sped, in metres per second (contiwed)
20 - 40° N, January
Based on circular normal law of distribution
Actual observations
r
r
Geopotential
altitude H, r 1% 10 % 20 %
r r
km K Ka 5 vmax
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
J,O 5J
6,4 5,5
-
20,o 15,0 11‘7
1,8 8,5 1,o 2,5 4,5
8,5 99
-
24,4 l7,5 14,5
10,o 10,4 10,3 3,5 5,5
4,7 LO
17,5
11,8 11,5 70 12,6 29,2 20,8 6‘7
8,O 1,o 4,5
4 10,5 14,2 13,l 72 15,8 24,5 21,0
113 WO 60 RI
5 13,2 l7,O 15,0 76 l7,3 39,5 28,8 25,0
V 7,O 93
21,8 46,0 12,0 29,5
6 16,0 20,6 17,0 84 22 8,5 a7
24,2 19,2 24,7 53,5 10,2 39,5 l4,7 35,0
7 18,8 102 Z8
12,2 47,0 l7,5 41,0
8 21,5 27,0 21,3 124 28,l 62,5
3,7
19,7 45,5
9 24,3 29,5 140 31,6 70,o 13,8
22,7 4,4 53,8
21,0
10 26,8 31,6 23,4 142 72,5 15,0 55,7 ao
W6 4,7
21,7
11 28,7 23,4 132 35,6 72,2 l5,7 55,5
332 5,O ao
29,7 124 36,l 70,o 16,0 47,0
12 WO Z8 5,O wo ZO
28,5 21,5 118 32,9 15,5 51,3 21,2
13 419 WO Qv
W)
l4,7 47,7 20,o 41,6
14 26,5 31,l 19,9 112 29,6
4,7 58,5
18,2 38,0
15 24,3 28,4 l7,8 107 26,6 13,4
4,5 ao 43,5
l5,7
16 21,8 25,0 l5,7 102 24,7 11,5 33,5
410 48,3 38,7
21,4 43,2 33,5 12,8 29,0
17 18,l 21,0 14,0 96 3,5 93
17,2 12,8 28,0 10,2 24,5
18 14,2 88 18,0 38,5 7‘3
2,5
23,5 20,6
19 10,4 13,6 Il,6 80 l4,7 33,8 8,O
L8 5,6
l7,3
20 Il,1 10,9 73 Il,9 29,4 20,3
70 13 4,5 62
18,6 l5,7
21 10,o 10,6 68 10,8 26,2 5,4
5,3 1,o 4,O
15,2
22 10,8 10,6 25,4 18,2
43 65 LO 33 5,4
9,6
25,0 18,0 15,0
23 Il,1 62 10,5 1,o 33 5,6
3,5 93
18,0 15,0
24 Il,6 60 10,8 25,0 61
23 916 1,o 4J
15,0
25 12,4 60 11,3 25,0 18,3 6,7
2,3 W 1,4 4,5
--
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (El
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
.
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (conthued)
20 - 40° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential r
altitude H,
1% 10 %
r
r
km K V,a Or vmax
v,,
high low high
low high low
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,3
43 5,O 4,5
-
1 15,5 Il,7
0,5 69 7,4 6,7 Jr0 22 4,O 93
-
2 16,5 12,2 10,3
03 72 7,8 7J LO 2,5 4,O
3 l2,7
13 61 l7,7 410 10,8
73 61 74 LO 2,9
4 11,3
58 18,8 13,5
2J 8,O 8,4 77 1,o 3,O 43
58 19,8 14,0 11,7
2,7 8,5 8,7 82 LO 3,O 4,5
62 21,2 15,0 12,3
3,3 93 92 8,7 1,o 3J 5,O
10,3 70 23,5 16,8 l3,7
43 9,8 915 x0 3,5 5,4
8 11,6 19,0 15,6
10,8 79 10,6 1,o 26,5 5,9
5,6 0
9 21,3 17,6
13,0 12,l 87 12,2 29,7
66 1,o 43 6,5
10 19,5
14,3 13,7 93 13,8 33,0 23,6
73 12 5,O 7,2
11 15,2 15,6 96 l5,7 36,2 25,8 21,8
73 L5 5,5 8,5
12 15,7 16,5 92 l6,7 27,8 23,6
8,O 1,8 =,6 60 g,o
13 15,5 16,4 88 16,l 27,3 23,5
7,3 38,5 5,7 8,5
L6
14 24,0 20,o
14,3 15,3 87 14,4
5,3 L5 34,5 5,O 7‘3
17,0
15 12,8 14,0 89 12,8 30,3 20,7
3,O 12 4,5 CO
16 11,8 12,4 91 11,2 26,5 18,0 14,7
Of8 LO 43 5,2
17 - 1,8 Il,6 10,7 88 23,2 16,7 13,8
w LO 4,2 5,O
18 - 4,4 11,9 79 16,5 14,0
w 8,9 1,1 Z4 4,5 5,5
19 - 6,7 16,7 14,4
12,4 70 4,7 62
8,4 853 L3 Z5
l7,2 15,0
20 - 8,8 13,0 64 23,0 7,O
7,8 8,s 1,5 5,2
18,0 16,0
21 --do,5 l3,7 60 24,0
7,5 93 zo 60 8,5
17‘2
22 -Il,9 14‘7 62 10,5 25,5 19,3
7,6 23 6,7 %O
23 -13,l 15,7 65 11,l 27,0 21,0 10,o 18,9
7,8 2,6 7,7
24 -14,3 16,9 69 12,2 28,7 ll,o 20,7
3,O 8,9 Z6
10,2 24,5 12,0
25 -15,4 18,2 74 13,l 30,5 22,5
8,8 32
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continued)
40 - 60° N, January
Actual observations
r Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential
altitude H, 10 % 20 %
1%
r
r r
km K V, Or vmax
low high low high low high
- - - - -
- -
62 8,9 82
-
15,2
10,2 11,8 10,8 26,0 18,5
3,4 LO 4,o 60
-
Il,5 12,7 12,5 28,8 20,5 17,2
5,3 x0 413 6,5
13,2 13,8 77 14,2 32,3 23,0 19,5
7J J,O 5,O 7,2
15,l 15,4 88 16,0 36,5 26,4
8,8 L5 5,7 8J 2213
5 10,2 17,2 17,2 97 18,0 41,5 30,4 25,5
zo 6,7 93
6 11,5 19,5 47,4 34,5 10,8 29,5
19,3 101 20,2
2,3 7,5
12,3
7 12,7 21,8 21,2 102 38,0 32,5
Z2 2,6 ao 8,3
13,5 35,0
8 14,0 23,7 23,0 101 24,l 57,5 40,8
3,O 8,7
9 15,l 24,8 23,8 99 25,2 59,0 42,0 14,0 36,0
3,O 9,1
10 16,2 24,5 98 24,0 57,5 41,2 14,0 35,3
222 3,O 9,4
11 17,0 23,9 20,7 100 23,9 55,3 39,7 13,5 34,5
3,O 92
17,4 12,7 33,5
12 23,l 19,4 99 23,9 52,7 38,0
3,O w
13 17,6 18,l 96 23,8 50,3 37,l 12,5 32,5
Z3 3,2 92
12,4
14 17,6 21,4 17,0 93 23,5 35,2 31,3
3,2 480 93
15 17,3 20,6 16,l 91 23,4 45,7 34,0 12,3 30,l
3J 92
16 16,7 19,9 15,3 89 12,0 28,7
Z1 3,O 440 %O =,o
16,0 19,4 14,8 32,3 11,5 27‘7
17 88 20,7
23 4-u 816
11,2 27,0
18 15,5 19,0 14,6 89 20,l 42,5 31,8
2,3 82
Il,0 26,8
19 15,0 18,9 14,9 90 19,7 42,5 31,5
zo 8,O
20 14,6 19,0 15,5 91 17,6 42,8 32,0 Il,0 27,0
zo 83
14,5 19,5 16,5 20,o 32,7 Il,0 27,5
21 93 22 40 W
14,7 il,2 29,0
22 20,3 17,5 96 20,7 46,7 34,4
215 8,4
31,0
23 15,l 21,4 18,9 99 49,5 36,2 Il,6
wo 23 83
24 15,6 23,0 20,4 103 23,0 52,5 38,3 12,2 33,0
3,3 92
16,l 24,8 107 24,0 55,5 12,8 35,5
25 Z2 4Q5
318 9,7
60 5878-1982/Add.1-1983 (El
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (contliiued)
40- 60° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r r
Geopotential
.
altitude H,
1%
r r r
V
km
v, V, ci, max v,,
low high low high low high
- - - -
- - -
03 43 60 5,5
-
18,5 13,5 10,5
1,8 73 1,o 3,O 3,6
8,4 7,6
-
19,5 14,5 11,4
zg 8,O 83 814 1,o 3,O 4,2
70 20,8 15,9 l2,7
4J 819 93 93 03 3,O 5,O
10,o 10,2 69 10,4 23,2 17,5 14,4
513 W3 3,7 5,7
11,4 11,l 69 11,5 26,5 19,5 16,4
6,5 0,8 4,5 6,5
13,l 12,6 70 13,3 31,5 21,8 18,5
7,8 LO 5,O 73
15,4 14,4 25,0 21,2
w 73 15,0 12 36,7 82
5,5
8 10,5 17,5 16,2 76 16,8 1,5 41,3 28,5 93 24,0
9 Il,5 19,0 17,9 79 18,9 45,0 31,5 10,4 26,6
13 6,5
10 l2,7 20,o 18,8 82 20,6 47,0 11,5 28,5
2,O 7,5 =A
11 13,6 20,3 18,8 83 21,3 47,5 12,0 29,4
zo 8,O 34,5
12 14,3 20,3 18,l 11,9 29,0
81 20,9 47,0 8,O 333
TO
10,5
13 14,0 18,0 16,5 80 21,4 31,5 27,0
X7 43,5 7,2
14 12,0 15,0 14,2 83 18,9 37,2 27,0
1,5 63 W3 Z8
15 12,0 12,0 86 14,8 31,0 18,5
w 12 5,4 QO 72
16 10,2 89 ll,o 25,5 18,5 15,5
60 93 1J 43 5,8
17 88 21,5 16,0 13,2
4,O 8,4 w 83 1,o 3,7 4,7
18 79 19,2 14,4 11,8
w 3,3 4,3
22 78 82 76
13,3 10,7
19 70 J#O 17,6 0
or1 72 7,6 68 3,O
12,5 10,l
20 -1,8 63 16,8 3,O
68 7,2 617 1,o 44
21 -3,l 60 16,8 12,0 10,O
6,8 72 72 w 3,O 0
22 -4,5 62 17,5 12,5 lO,7
7,2 7,3 73 1,o 3J 43
23 -5,5 66 l8,5 13,5 Il,5
J#O 3,4 4,5
7,8 73 83
19,6 14,5 12,5
24 -6,5 68 1,o 3,8 49
8,9 714 83
15,8 14,0
25 -7,2 JO,4 72 14 21,0 4,2 5,5
7,5 8,6
II
ISO 5878~1982/Add.I-1983 (El
- Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
Table 1
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (cohwed)
60 - 80° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
Geopotential
-
altitude H, 1 % 10 % 20 %
V
km
v, V,, max v,,
low high
low high low high
- - - - - -
-
(40 5,3 7,3 68
-
10,3 15,5 13,8
1,6 8,8 w w 22,5 3,O 5,O
-
10,6 Il,4 24,5 17,2 14,6
10,4 LO 3,5 5,3
2,5
12,2 12,6 27,5 19,5 16,5
84 11,6 w 4,2 60
3,5
23,0 19,0
13,8 14,3 93 13,5 31,4 7,O
4,8 L4 5,O
21,6
5 15,2 16,4 100 15,5 36,0 26,5
5,7 Lf3 5,8 7,8
6 16,6 18,l 102 17,0 29,0 24,0
6,3 zo 393 6,5 82
7 l7,8 19,6 101 18,5 31,0 26,0
6,9 2,o 43,o 68 93
45,3 32,6 27,5
8 19,0 20,5 100 19,4 zo 7,O 9,8
32,3 10,o 27,3
9 19,0 20,o 99 19,3 45,4
80 zo 7,O
26,0
10 l7,8 l8,7 98 18,5 43,5 31,0
8,7 zo 7,O %7
11 17,0 l7,6 100 18,1 42,4 30,2 25,l
914 2s) TO w
12 10,l l7,O 16,9 102 l7,7 41,8 30,o 25,0
2,o 6,9 92
10,9 17,2 16,5 102 41,7 30,3 25,l
13 18,0 zo 68 %7
14 Il,9 l7,8 16,3 102 18,4 41,8 30,8 10,2 25,5
zo 6,9
18,6 42,5 31,5 10,6 26,5
15 12,9 16,4 101 i8,7
24 7,O
11,3 27,5
16 14,0 19,6 16,7 98 19,4 32,7
z1 4-W 7,3
12,0 28,8
17 15,5 21,0 17,3 94 20,9 34,3
2,3 eo 8,O
18 17,0 18,0 91 36,5 13,0 30,5
22,6 222 2,5 4W3 84
18,7 24,4 39,0 14,0 33,0
19 19,0 90 23,8 2,7 52,4 93
42,0 15,4 36,0
20 20,5 26,4 20,3 94 25,8 56,5 10,4
3,O
16,5 39,2
21 28,6 99 28,8 61,3 11,3 46,0
Z5 222 3,4
22 24,4 31,0 24,0 106 31,l 67,0 12,2 50,o 18,O 43,0
3,7
47,5
26,0 26,0 112 32,6 72,8 13,3 19,5
23 WO 4J W5
119 34,0 79,4 14,3 21,0 52,0
24 27,5 37,0 28,0 593
4,5
126 65,0 57,0
25 28,8 40,4 30,o 35,0 86,O 15,5 Z5
5,O
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (concluded)
60 - 80° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
Geopotential
altitude H, - 1 % 10 % 20 %
-- l
V
v, V,a Or vmax SC
low high low high low high
- -
5,0 - 4,6 - - - -
0 02 43
-
1 LO 16,0 Il,3
7J 3,O 3,7 915
66 68 7,6
-
13,l 10,6
2 1,O 18,5 3,O 43
1,6 75 814 716
15,0 12,l
3 61 LO 21,0 5,O
23 89 93 8,6 3J
4 10,5 64 J,O 23,5 17,0 14,0
3,O 93 9,8 3,4 513
5 10,8 Il,6 67 11,l LO 26,0 19,0 16,0
3,6 3,7 5,7
4,5 1 12,3 13,7 12,9 LO 28,5 21,5 18,5
6 74 4J 6,3
21,5
7 14,0 15,9 85 15,0 12 32,5 24,4 TO
5,3 4,7
24,0
8 15,9 l7,7 99 l6,7 1,6 37,5 27,9
6J 5,3 8,O
9 l7,l 18,6 109 17,6 zo 41,0 30,o 25,0
6,5 5,9 83
16,7 17,9 107 17,0 1,6 39,6 27,5 23,2
10 617 5,7 8,4
11 14,9 15,6 15,2 12 35,5 23,6 20,2
6,5 96 5,5 7,5
20,6 17,5
12 12,3 12,5 83 12,4 Jr0 29,2 6,7
60 4,7
18,0 15,2
13 10,3 10,5 76 10,5 LO 25,0 0 5,7
5,2
15,5 13,0
14 71 J#O 21,5 4,7
413 8,7 83 8,9 3,5
15 65 14 18,5 13,5 11,3
314 7,3 7,8 7,7 2,7 410
16 61 LO 15,8 Il,7
2,5 63 TO 68 22 3,2 9,6
14,l 10,4
17 59 KO 2,o 2,7 8,5
56 6,4 5,9
18 58 J#O 13,0 zo 96 216 7,6
0,6 52 5,9 5,3
-
19 60 LO 12,4 Z6 71
f 43 5,6 5,1 13 9,1
O3 I
20 -1,3 60 LO 12,0 63
5,3 43 Jr9 w 2,7
4,8
-2,2 LO 12,0 70
21 4,8 5,2 60 5,2 zo w 3,O
J#O 12,3
22 -3,0 57 5,3 zo 9J 310 73
5J 5,O
J,O 12,9
23 -3,6 54 zo 93 310 73
53 5,O 5,6
J,O 13,6
24 -4,3 50 zo 9,6 3,O 8,5
61 5,O 59
10,o
25 -4,8 47 14,5 70 3,O 9,3
63 5J 60 I 1,o
I
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s
January
Ht
V
Station
v, v, max
c/y
km
- - -
- 1,o -1,5
Surface
3,2
-1,5 -0,z 48
2 5,7 5,8 0
4 50 6,3 5,2
TO 23 L3
E
6 10,5 30
7,4 2,3 6,3 6,3
R
II
8 17,9 15,2 52
3J 7,6 60
e
10 25,3 72 10,l
22,8 3,2 93
m .
12 33,0 72 12,4 11,4
\ 30,4 1,6
iük
Y-
; II
14 28,3 67 Il,7 10,9
26,0
ci
z
16 20,7 18,5 58 10,o w
3,4
.
18 14,2 10,9 45
% 24 93 w3
F
II
20 31
93 3,2 J#O 9,4 5,2
s
22 -l,o 22
92 Ot5 9,6 4,8
24 10,7 -2,0 20 10,3
03 5,8
25 11,6 -2,z -0,5 19 10,8
-
- -
Surface -3,l
6,5 Or5
2 13,4 Il,2 -3,4 31
6,4 6,7
4 23,6 - 1,l 52
229 8,3 79
E
6 35,5 72 10,9
03 9J
33,6
R
II
13,5 12,8
8 57,4 113
S6 0
lsr
15,5 15,2
W 10 70,o 124
fW g,o
mg
Eo
14,3
12 67,4 65,2 10,6 99 16,6
zg
8-
0 II
14 57,2 104 15,3 Il,6
St6 93
Y+
16 47,2 45,6 102 13,3
z 62
.
%
0 Il,0
18 29,0 26,0 84 69
3,2
F;
II
20 13,6 Il,0 62 6,4
13 w
9-
22 10,5 52 10,o 5,8
3,6 03
24 -0,8 48 11,4
92 03 5,1
25 -2,4 46 12,4
0,4 4,8
%O
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s (concluded)
January
H --
Station V
vs max a,
VX Y; OY
km
Surface 3,7 3,3 -1,6 - - -
2 15,8 12,0 -2,l 44 8,4 93
4 23,3 19,5 -0,5 55 Il,4 12,0
E 74 15,2 15,6
6 31,0 26,5 CO
r\
II
e 8 38,l 32,8 -0,l 89 18,8 18,5
3 10 42,8 38,3 -0,l 92 19,2 18,8
i;
Le
O& 12 39,8 36,2 02 82 16,4 16,3
>b
s 11
z+ 14 33,5 32,l 02 69 12,9 12,5
16 55 93 8,6
à, 27,4 26,0 OJ
8 18 21,2 20,4 W3 42 7,5 5,3
II
s 20 14,8 14,4 13 37 6,7 3,7
22 13,l 12,3 22 37 7J 3,6
24 13,3 12,5 23 40 8,1 4,8
25 l3,7 12,8 3J 41 &8 5,6
Surface 8,5 12 -2,0 - - -
2 12,l 4,2 -0,l 48 9,1 10,3
4 14,6 71 -l,o 76 11,3 Il,7
E 6 19,2 93 -2,8 94 14,0 14,7
m
II 8 24,0 13,2 -4,7 94 l7,2 17,9
e
3 10 23,5 14,3 -4,6 95 18,3 17,9
-
s 3
g0 12 Q8 15,6 -4,Z 95 16,4 16,5
cpco
E II
ii* 14 24,2 l8,5 -4,7 94 15,6 15,6
z
16 87 16,l 14,4
ii 25,8 19,8 -5,Z
In
R 18 26,8 19,5 -4,0 74 18,4 12,3
II
9- 20 27,2 18,3 -2,0 69 21,3 93
22 - - - - - -
24 - - - - - -
25 - - - - - -
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s
January
H,
Station
v, VX vmax a,
km
- - -
Surface -5,0 -3,0
2 -7,5 -0,6 34
83 4,8 33
4 -5,7 34
7,8 or4 5,O 49
E
- 6 27
7,8 -5,0 13 49 4,8
-
F-
Il
8 24
69 -3,4 5,2 4,5
L6
Ist
W
10 -1,5
6,3 1,3 515 4,5
.
7,3 ao 33 5,2 5J
5%
3;
14 -2,3 58
82 5,O 5,2 5,7
16 -5,0 73
92 5,2 5,3 59
.
18 -4,0 63
82 3J 56 4,6
a
-
II
20 -1,5 48
3J
6,3 Or5 61
s
22 -3,l 39
7J a1 7J 2,6
24 -6,5 33
93 02 8,6 23
25 10,3 -8,l 30
0,3 W 3J
- - -
Surface
13 Or3
OJ
2 -0,z -4,7 29
7,5 4,6 5,5
4 -0,4 30
-3,Z 66 68
E
10,6 -2,3 36
ao 8,5 8,4
a
II
8 Il,8 -0,6 40 10,4
or4 93
<
W 10 Il,0 40
1,3 03 918 8,4
tn
9,6 38 8,3 63
3,5 1,4
c,k
99 -
a II
14 11,2
44 68
5,7 23 W3
-c
16 13,0 50
2 7,6 4,8 92 72
i;
c\1
18 15,0 50 10,3
814 6,9 7,7
w
II
20 17,0 48 Il,5
&6 93 8,5
s
22 19,3 10,8 51 13,3 93
9,6
12,9 Il,6 il,6
24 60 16,0
Z8
12,5
25 25,0 15,2 Il,9 66 l7,8
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s koncluded)
July
M
Station
v, vmax a,
km
- - - - - -
Surface
2 -6,0 30
92 2,8 4,8 518
4 - 0,7 -1,6 33
633 5,3 5,6
- 3,4 -0,4 31
E 68 5,3 5,5
- 4,6 -0,4 40
7,2 5,5 4,8
10 - 5,9 -0,3 46
81 61 4,5
12 - 7,7 47
93 (47 66 49
14 13,0
- 10,9 49
1,6 72 5,6
16 16,5 - 14,9 53
z1 7,6 6,4
18 18,2 -16,4 57
1,6 7,5 7,O
20 18,3 -16,4 58
0,3 66 74
22 18,8 - 16,9
OJ 61 63
24 20,3 -18,9 32
0,3 61 5,7
25 21,l - 19,9 26
0,4 61 5,O
- - -
Surface - 0,3 -1,0
4J
2 31
60 w 0,3 43 5,3
811 13 03 61 TO
E 6 10,2 47
Z6 L3 8,O 8,3
II
8 12,3 46 10,6
3,O 1,3 9,7
*
10 11,2 37
3J 83 w
1,1
12 25 5,4 59
7,3 2,7 a9
14 18
5,2 1,6 Of7 4,1 4,3
16 12
4,O Or5 03 3,3 3,4
18 - 0,5 9
3,6 0,4 23 3J
20 - 1,6 9
3,8 Or4 Z6 23
22 - 2,7 2,7 23
W 0,5
24 - 4,l 15 3,O
5,5 03 3,2
25 - 4,9 17
61 0,3 3,4 3,O
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians
MO0 E, January
= 400 m
p = oo
Geopotential $9 = lo" = zoo = 3o”
P P v
altitude H,
V,* 0"" or* vsa* V,* 0"" or* Vsa* V,* 0"" or* Vsa* V,* 0"" or* &* Fr* 0 ** Or*
km ï?,*
0 30 18 351 - 55 37 59 - 67 53 50 - 80 37 305 - - 36 304 -
1 57 15 53 74 87 65 79 62 70 32 49 64 107 75 278 73 285 93
84 100
2 24
73 83 70 100 75 84 64 73 12 340 70 141 120 271 92 135 108 281 107
3 80 32 90 66 98 64 86 67 80 44 274 76 185 170 269 100 170 137 280 121
4 80 38 92 66 97 66 89 72 110 80 266 91 255 238 267 113 173
210 275 141
5 78 45 93
66 95 71 93 77 142 116 263 108 322 309 266 125 248 209 272 161
6 80 52 93 66
92 74 96 81 177 149 261 123 396 374 265 139 282 246 270 177
7 89 67 95 65 92 72 99 81 201 166 261 126 464 434 264 156 310 283 268 191
8 98 81 96 65 90 68 102 80 227 183 260 129 530 495 263 174 322
343 266 205
9 108 95 96 65 88 65 104 80 252 200 260 600
131 555 262 191 375 354 265 214
10 118 106
98 68 88 63 109 81 280 219 259 134 64-O 586 262 205 396 366 264 208
11 130 107
104 79 88 66 118 85 300 240 259 137 650 600 262 218 404 378 263 202
12 141 108 109 90 90 71 125 90 306 261 259 140 638 616 262 231 374
390 263 192
13 150 111 108 94 92 78 125 91 285 256 258 588
137 572 262 214 372 359 263 179
14 155 113 104 95
100 86 121 90 256 231 256 129 540 524 262 194 354 343 263 166
15 160 115
101 95 110 95 118 88 228 208 255 122 490 475 261 175 336 328 263 153
16 158 119 97 95 125 103 115 86 200 183 252 114 440 427 261 155 317 310 263 141
380 363 261 143 278 265 261 139
17 150 111 95 97 130 99 113 86 170 153 250 108
18 138 89 95 100
120 n 114 86 138 116 249 104 310 291 260 133 240 222 259 137
19 127 68 96
104 98 55 113 86 108 78 246 100 243 219 259 124 200 178 256 136
20 116 47 96 107 85 34 114 86 78 40 237 96 175 146 257 115 162 135 251 134
21 108 42 95 111 82 28 107 88 56 16 200 123 91 252 108 106
93 133 246 133
22 108 58 94 115 84 47 97 94 50 16 134 106
89 56 247 105 121 85 240 133
23 114 74 94 119
92 66 93 100 52 30 105 86 95 24 225 101 111 66 232 134
24 122 90 93 124 102 86 92 106 58 46 95 82 90 21 124 97 107 48 217 134
25 134 106 93 128 116 105 90 112 68 63 91 79 90 52 97 94 105 38 190 134
* The Vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians bMiwed)
MO0 E, January
= 500 = fjoo
Geopotential q7 = 6o” = 7o"
P CD (P
altitude H,
v,* 0"" q* vsa* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0""
v,*
km
0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 45 11 225
1 93 47 329 84 57 11 5 72 8 230 84 22 77
61 73
2 104 58 324 97 72 29 15 71 82 17 200 95 91 23 165
3 109 55 311 110 80 24 19 84 91 23 187 107 105 32 192
4 120 56 300 124 93 15 37 106 105 36 193 122 117 38 208
48 217
5 135 61 290 138 113 10 84 127 127 49 196 138 130
6 149 68 283 146 123 9 126 134 142 57 194 148 140 50 216
7 160 75 277 153 125 11 158 139 153 64 191 158 148 50 212
8 167 83 272 160 122 15 177 145 160 73 188 167 155 51 210
59 211
9 167 93 269 158 112 23 189 138 160 79 192 162 160
10 160 103 267 147 105 36 197 123 151 86 200 147 162 73 213
11 153 114 265 136 102 48 202 108 140 93 206 132 162 86 215
12 154 121 262 135 110 60 212 111 140 110 212 135 158 87 216
135 120 72 218 114 149 127 217 139 155 88 218
13 158 128 260
14 167 134 258 134 132 85 223 117 165 145 221 143 153 90 219
15 174 141 256 134 149 99 227 120 190 163 224 146 153 90 221
16 179 143 253 136 164 115 227 129 225 189 225
159 159 101 225
17 178 140 249 139 176 134
226 141 257 217 226 176 170 116 230
175 137 244 142 188 152 225 153 280 246 226 193 194 131 233
19 170 135 240 146 200 170 224 166 300 274 226 211 215 147 235
20 168 134 235 149 213 189 224 177 311 291 226
229 250 157 231
21 163 133 151
231 227 203 223 166 313 279 222 251 273 166 219
22 162 132 226 153 242 219 223 156 313 268 218 272 2% 181 209
23 165 133 221 154 257 234 222 146 312 259 213 294 318 202 200
24 170 134 216 155 279 246 222 136 308 251 208 316 343 193
25 178 136 211 157 286 264 222 126 310 246 203
337 359 252 188
I
The vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
*
** The @ values are given in degrees.
ISO 587891982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians kontinued)
140° E, July
= 400
cp = oo = lo" = zoo = 3o”
Geopotential P
cp P P
altitude H,
V,* @ ** or* Vsa* V,* @ * * (T,* Vsa* V,* @ ** or+ Vsa* V,* @ * * Or* V-a* V,* 0 ** (T,"
km vs*
0 35 9238 - 43 6 218 - 52 28 132 - 40 22 193 - - - - -
38 235 76
1 50 6 211 56 60 10 114 75 80 26 129 77 64 18 270 86 65
2 60 8 145 65 70 20 101 74 87 26 118 74 76 26 286 84 86 60 255 79
3 65 18 106 74 73 29 100 72 73 31 103 71 78 28 270 82 98 74 269 83
4 72 26 101 75 77 36 101 74 77 33 101 74 80 29 272 83 115 89 273 88
5 80 33 99 74 80 42 101 77 78 34 98 77 81 29 278 85 132 105 274 93
84 40 97 73 86 47 102 79 82 35 98 80 84 30 285 88 148 122 276 101
7 85 49 96 74 83 50 100 77 80 32 94 80 85 27 298 94 170 139 276 121
85 58 95 74 81 52 98 75 78 30 88 80 88 99 194 155 277 140
8 27 315
86 66 94 75 79 54 96 73 77 28 84 79 91 28 330 105 216 171 277 160
74 92 79 81 56 93 76 79 31 75 83 96 30 345 113 240 189 278 179
10 90
11 10 78 89 88 90 58 85 89 97 47 69 96 107 31 360 127 264 207 281 199
12 110 82 84 98 100 60 78 101 117 64 65 109 116 35 13 140 278 225 283 219
28 141 264 212 285 211
13 118 78 83 98 105 66 77 102 130 81 66 110 120 42
14 99 65 84 92 104 73 77 94 136 99 69 101 119 55 41 128 234 180 286 186
15 76 53 85 85 103 81 78 87 145 116 70 92 117 69 47 116 198 149 289 162
16 68 41 86 79 102 88 78 79 152 134 72 83 116 85 52 104 160 119 293 137
92 123 87 300 116
17 73 35 87 79 100 98 80 75 158 147 74 76 114 96 51
81 102 55 312 103
18 82 36 88 85 119 115 82 77 169 153 78 73 114 100 66
19 90 36 90 92 136 132 85 79 177 161 82 69 114 106 74 69 86 32 349 90
20 100 37 92 98 154 148 86 81 188 168 86 65 120 113 81 58 77 38 50 77
21 110 49 93 106 170 165 88 85 196 178 89 63 130 123 86 48 80 66 74 64
22 120 84 93 115 186 183 89 95 203 192 90 69 147 133 88 49 96 80 80 66
132 119 92 124 202 201 90 105 210 205 91 75 162 144 89 51 114 93 85 6E
24 149 148 92 133 220 219 90 115 220 219 91 81 178 154 90 53 130 108 88 7C
91 126 235 233 92 88 195 165 91 55 148 122 90 7;
25 172 171 92 141 240 238
I
I I I I
* The Q, vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
Table 4 -
Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
MO0 E, July
= 8(-p
=50° = 60° = 7o”
Geopotential Gp P
P v
altitude H,
v,* 0”” 0,” Vsa* v,* 0”” or* j7-* 7; 0”” q* c/lsa* v,* 0””
km
C-sa*
0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 55 11 235
1 66 10 233 71 - 4 315 73 60 7 286 70 73 20 260
2 77 21 253 82 64 7 304 79 72 20 288 80 76 31 268
3 86 31 272 92 75 17 287 85 81 31 285 89 79 43 271
4 96 41 276 100 88 24 289 99 92 45 282 107 105 58 270
5 109 52 279 107 100 32 288 113 108 58 280 125 132 73 269
6 122 63 281 119 112 40 289 128 129 70 279 145 165 80 269
7 140 75 283 138 130 50 290 145 151 80 280 169 183 79 269
8 159 88 285 158 149 59 290 163 167 91 281 192 185 79 269
9 180 100 286 178 164 69 290 180 172 101 281 216 177 78 269
10 207 115 285 190 171 74 290 179 168 95 283 195 150 67 268
11 220 133 284 196 168 77 289 167 155 87 284 161 119 55 268
12 218 150 282 202 155 80 288 156 125 77 287 130 92 44 267
13 193 136 284 183 135 68 290 136 103 66 290 118 74 39 267
14 164 115 286 159 115 56 291 116 89 55 292 106 60 35 267
15 135 96 289 136 95 44 294 97 78 44 298 94 50 30 266
16 109 77 293 112 76 32 298 77 69 34 306 83 42 25 265
17 86 58300 96 59 21 311 64 63 26 320 74 39 20 267
18 75 37 311 90 49 14 348 61 60 21 344 68 39 13 274
19 71 21 344 85 47 17 31 58 60 22 13 63 40 7 286
20 71 23 45 79 51 26 55 55 60 26 36 57 40 4 360
21 72 41 72 74
56 36 66 52 62 33 51 51 40 9 49
22 82 53 78 76 67 46 72 53 66 41 62 52
43 14 58
23 94 65 80 78 75 57 75 55
70 48 69 53 46 19 61
24 106 77 82 81 84 67 78 58 76 56
74 53 48 24 63
25 120 90 84 84 92
77 80 60 83 65 78 54 51 29 64
I I I
I
* The Vsa, Vr and ~IF,, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The 0 values are given in degrees.
Iso 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians kontinued)
80° E, January
= 4(-p
(p = oo = lo" = zoo = 3o”
Geopotential
CD P v3 CD
altitude H,
v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" qf v,* v,* 0"" q* v,* v,* @ ** or*
km
YSa*
0 42 6 239 - 4.3 19 90 _ _ _ _ - _ - - - -
- - -
1 35 301
55 51 61 48 72 38 50 12 9 57 - - - - - - - -
2 61 47 298 53 65 52 70 45 61 14 278 _
6() _ - - - - - -
3 64 42 284 54 50 33 72 52 78 42 280 63 - - - 3 50 29 272 52
4 66 24 289
57 55 28 71 60 107 72 276 72 80 39 270 37 76 52 272 63
5 69 8346 59 64 25 66 68 137 103 274 83 141 81 270 76 100 76 272 73
73 18 68 62 72 22 66 77 166 134 273 94 195 128 270 111 128 100 274 88
7 80 33 92 64 81 11 90 88 193 160 269 108 239 186 271
134 158 125 277 110
8 86 49 102 66
91 8 173 99 219 188 266 121 283 244 272 157 188 150 279 131
9 66 106
93 68 100 19 205 110 245 214 264 135 328 302 272 180 217 175 281 153
10 103 77 108 75 110 32 210 120 270 236 261 146 373 340 271 189 244 203 281 145
11 117 75 111 89 121 49 205 127 287 245 258 152 413 368 271 191 260 231 280 135
12 130 73 115 103 133 65 203 135 294 255 256 430
158 396 270 193 258 248 280 127
13 131 65 115 106
134 63 201 135 279 246 256 157 393 360 270 179 250 240 280 123
14 54 112
126 102 128 49 199 130 260 225 257 151 355 323 269 165 241 230 280 119
15 120 43 108 98 123 34 193 125 242 204 258 146 320 286 266 151 233 222 280 115
16 114 33 101 94 117 21 180 120 223 184 260 282
140 249 267 137 226 213 280 111
17 118 23 95 93 113 12 176 115 203 159 261 135 251 213 266
125 217 198 278 118
18 124 13 99 98 108 13 208 110 186 127 261 130 225 177 265 114 208 182 275 126
19 129 4 135 103 105 16 235 106 168 97 260 126 200 140 265 103 198 165 271 134
20 134 7 248 107 100 22 248 101 150 67 259 122 174 104 263 92 189 150 267 147
21 137 8 245 107 97 21 255 99 132 42 259 116 150 79 264 88 182 140 266 147
22 138 10 114 98 98 6 256 103 114 25 267 128 132
109 67 268 93 175 267 151
23 140 25 100 89 105
9 72 107 96 11 300 101 107 55 275 97 170 125 268 155
24 140 41 97 80 118 25 73 111 78 14 24 94 85 45 285 102 164 117 269 159
25 141 56 96 71 131 40 74 115 60 29 47 64 37 300 106 109
86 158 270 163
* The Vr and cr,., in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 E)
Table 4
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
80° E, January
Geopotential = 5o" = 60° = 7o" = 80°
CD v3 P P
altitude H,
v,* 0””
km y* 0”” q*
v,* 0”” cï,* V,* 0”” Or*
/sa*
Ka* Ka* Ea*
- - -
- - - - - - - - -
0 42
12 125
1 21 221 65
70 100 62 249 95 80 21 259 97 78 17 79
89 43 249 91 129 92 261 106 104 44 277 109 95 18 81
3 101 60 266 117 144 108 269 117 122 62 280 123 105 12 51
4 118 68 271 128 158 118 273 129
140 78 287 140 116 17 343
76 275 139 178 129 276 140
5 140 160 95 291 157 129 33 320
6 153 88 280 150 197 137 279 154 171 106 293 166 140 37 317
7 162 102 285 162 213 144 281 169 178 116 294 175 148 42 314
8 167 117 290 174 224 150 283 184 182 127 296 184 152 46 312
172 132 292 182
9 230 160 285 190 180 129 294 176 150 44 314
10 184 145 290 171 230 171 285 180 170 123 291 156 136 40 320
11 202 158 288 159 228 182 285 169 160 118 287 137 112 36 324
12 212 166 286 150 230 189 284 166 153 122 283 136 103 33 312
13 214 171 284 144 232 195 284 165
148 126 280 136 100 33 297
14 214 177 281 138 238 200 283 163 148 130 277 135 103 34 284
15 214 182 280 132 244 205 283 161 150 134 274 135 110 37 272
16 214 188 277 130 256 214 280 163 160 143 269 146 117 47 260
218 194 275 139 273 226 277 168
17 178 154 264 160 120 58 253
225 200 274 147
18 295 239 275 172 205 166 260 174 122 71 246
19 235 207 272 156 317 252 272 177 234 178 256 189 128 83 245
20 247 214 270 165 331 260 270 184 255 165 251 208 143 68 219
21 254 216 269 183 326 251 270 201 26
...

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 58784982/ADDENDUM 1
Published 1983-02-15
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION.ME>I(fiYHAPO,IJHAR OPl-AHM3AL&lR l-l0 CTAH~[e-mail] INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
Reference atmospheres
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
Addendum 1 to International Standard ISO 5878 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20, Aircraftandspace vehicles, and
was circulated to the member bodies in March 1979.
It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries :
Austria India Romania
Belgium Italy South Africa, Rep. of
Brazil Spain
Japan
Canada Korea, Rep. of Turkey
United Kingdom
Czechoslovakia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
France Mexico USA
Germany, F. R. Netherlands USSR
No member body expressed disapproval of the document.
Ref. no. : ISO 5878.1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
UDC 551.55
Descriptors : aerodynamics, atmospheres, standard atmosphere, winds, characteristics, computation, meteorological data.
@ International Organization for Standardization, 1983 0
Printed in Switzerland Price based on 58 pages

Page
Contents
0 Introduction . 3
1 Scope and field of application 3
..............................................................................
2 Methodological aspects and analysis of the data. 3
..............................................................
3 Windmodels . 4
4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use of the circular normal distribution . 5
Tableslto5 . 6-49
Figureslto8 . 50-57
Bibliography . 58
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Reference atmospheres
*
ADDENDUM 1 : Wind supplement
0 Introducti0n It seems reasonable, therefore, the present wind data, aver-
in the form of this addendum to
aged over major regions,
A specification summarizing the characteristics of the wind is ISO 5878.
required for many practical problems, such as aircraft design,
the planning and operation of air routes and airfields, estimates
of the global transport of atmospheric contaminants, etc., in
1 Scope and field of application
which the wind is one of the primary factors.
The addendum presents data on spatial distribution of wind
Air motions in the atmosphere occur as a result of phenomena
characteristics, for use in estimating the performance of aircraft
related to air temperature and atmospheric pressure, the nature
in the design stage or of aircraft already in service, for planning
of the surface over which the air is moving, the rotation of the
air routes and for estimating the global transport of atmospheric
earth, etc. Such a complex relationship leads to large wind
contaminants.
variations in time and space, including the seasonal variation of
the general circulation of the atmosphere and the formation of
disturbances on a wide range of scales from that of cyclones
and anticyclones to that of small-scale turbulence.
2 Methodological aspects and analysis of
the data
The observed features of the wind distribu tion in the meridional
plane are as follows :
The tables and graphs given are based on a comprehensive
study and statistical analysis of wind data for the earth’s sur-
a) a predominantly easterly component in the airflow of
face and eight isobaric surfaces over the northern hemisphere.
the lower and middle troposphere of tropical latitudes, and
in the whole of the atmosphere in equatorial latitudes;
The analysis is based on a large and uniform statistical sample,
the major part of which has been published[3# 41- About two
million observations from 369 aerological stations for the nine-
b) the existence of systematic meridional components in
year period 1957 to 1965 were processed. In addition, statistical
the zone 0 to 30° N - a northerly component in the lower
data from 50 further station& 61 were included in the analyses.
troposphere and a southerly component in the middle
Other works[lI 21 were also used.
troposphere;
The following maps were compiled on the basis of the average
c) a predominantly westerly flow in sub-tropical latitudes
monthly wind characteristics at the main isobaric surfaces :
(30 to 4OO); the wind speed increases sharply with altitude,
reaching a maximum at altitudes of 10 to 13 km in the sub-
a) mean scalar wind speed,
tropical jet stream; v,;
b) mean zona1 component component
d) in temperate latitudes (40 to 600), a generally westerly vector
mean wind), VX;
flow having a wave-like form; jet streams with axes at
altitudes of about 8 to 9 km are associated with systems of
mobile cyclones and are therefore more variable than the
mean meridional component meridional component of
cl
sub-tropical jet stream and much of the detail of their
the vector mean wind), vY;
structure and location is lost in the averaging process;
d) standard deviation of the zona1 component of the wind,
e) in the stratosphere, the air flow is characterized by a
0x;
seasonal of monsoon-type of direction change; to the north
of 30° N, westerly winds occur in winter, changing to
e) standard deviation of the meridional component of the
easterly in summer, with negative wind shears (wind speed
wind, ay.
decreasing with height) prevailing in the altitude range 9 to
20 km; to the north of 60 to 65O N, abrupt positive wind
The seasonal changes of the wind characteristics at the dif-
shears prevail in winter, and there is a strong westerly jet
ferent isobaric surfaces and the effects of topography and sur-
stream in the polar stratosphere.
face roughness were taken into account in the analysis of the
maps and in drawing isotachs.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and several
countries have published detailed tables and atlases of the wind
The information read off at the grid points at intervals of 10° of
characteristics[lI 2, 71, and these cari be used to provide infor-
mation in the form required for a given purpose. However, it longitude and 10° of latitude for the earth’s surface and for the
850, 700, 500, 300, 200, 100, 50 and 30 mbar isobaric surfaces
would probably be wrong to expect the specialist user, who
served as a basis for the calculation of the average wind
may not be a meteorologist, to extract the required information
characteristics within each of the latitude zones.
from the huge store of climatological material available.
ISO 5878-1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Thus the mean value for a zone, v, of a characteristic is given
4) polar zone, 60 - 80° N (zone of the polar-night
by the equation : stratospheric westerly jet stream of winter);
1 n
=- 5) meridional cross-section along 140° E : this illustra-
v Vi . . .
(1)
c
n
.
tes the circulation near the east Asian coastline of the
I= 1
Pacifie Ocean, where the sub-tropical jet stream reaches
and the corresponding standard deviation, o, by
its maximum intensity;
6) meridional cross-section along 80° E : this illustrates
(21 the circulation over the Siberian anticyclone in winter,
the jet streams over Tibet, the monsoon circulation over
India and the easterly jet stream over the northern parts
of the Indian Ocean;
where
q is the monthly mean value of the cha racteristic at the
7) meridional cross-section along 20’ E : the meridian
i-th grid point;
crosses eastern Europe and central Africa, and the cross-
section is characteristic of the area of cyclonic activity
is the standard deviation at the i-th grid point;
Oi over Europe and the Mediterranean and of the sub-
tropical jet stream over northern Africa;
n is the number of grid points within the region of averag-
ing; for each latitude circle, n = 36.
8) meridional cross-section along 80° W : the meridian
crosses the eastern regions of North America and the
For each isobaric surface the mean values of the zona1 and
Caribbean Sea, and the profile illustrates the jet streams
meridional components of the wind and the values of the scalar
over the western Atlantic.
mean wind speed were calculated from equation (11, and the
standard deviations of the components from equation (2). Then
each of the wind characteristics was plotted as a function of
The values of the quantities describing the wind fields, ob-
the geopotential altitude H, using the mean value of Hfor each
tained for the altitude range 0 to 25 km from actual observa-
isobaric surface. The values interpolated from these plots for
tions and by estimation using the circular normal distribution,
the required values of H were used in constructing the tables.
are presented for the above models for January and July.
The following quantities were obtained from the actual obser-
3 Wind models
vations :
Taking into account the features of the atmospheric circulation
-
mean
mean zona1 component of the wind, VX, and
-
over the northern hemisphere, namely the presence of long
meridional component of the wind, VY;
waves within certain latitude zones and the existence of jet
-
streams in certain locations, the wind fields may be represented
-
vector mean wind, vr, magnitude of the vector mean
by the following models :
wind, vr, and direction of the vector mean wind, 8;
the scalar mean wind speed, FS.;
a) For latitude zones; in addition, within each latitude zone
data derived from actual observations are given for two
-
standard deviation of the vector mean wind, a,;
selected stations, one with very strong winds and the other
with very light winds (tables 1, 2, 3; figures 1 to 4).
-
maximum wind speed observed once in ten years, v,,,.
b) For meridional cross-sections (tables 4, 5; figures 5 to 8)
supplement the models and illustrate the global circulation
The speeds equalled or exceeded on 1, 10,20,80,90 and 99 %
over the northern hemisphere.
of occasions were calculated using the circular normal distribu-
tion. The scalar mean wind speed, &, for each zone was both
for the followi ng latitude
Specifically, models are presented
obtained from the actual observations, vsa, and calculated
zones and meridians :
using the law of circular normal distribution, vs,.
1) tropical zone, 0 - 20’ N (zone of the trade-wind cir-
given only
For four meridional sections the mean speed V, is
culation and easterly jet streams in the near-equatorial -
based on actual observations
v,a-
Upper troposphere and stratosphere);
2) sub-tropical zone, 20 - 40° N (region of the strong
4 Calculation of wind characteristics by use
westerly sub-tropical jet stream (at altitudes of 10 to
of the circular normal distribution
13 km);
Wind is a vector. In a sample of a large number of winds
3) temperate zone, 40 observed over a long period of time, each individual vector is a
- 60° N (zone of strong cyc-
lonic activity and maximum horizontal turbulent stochastic, or random, value, and for estimating wind distribu-
exchange); tions, probability theory may be used. For the calculation of the
above 20° N, where
characteristics, the circular normal distribution mav be used, characteristics for latitude v,, does
.
the probability density, f(v), being given by the equation :
not exceed 6 % of VX, and the absolute value isAnot mor’e than
1 m/s, it is assumed that vV = 0, SO that Fr = 1 yrl = 1 vXi. This
I \
allows the basic parameters of the distribution for zones 20 -
2 vv,
2v
V =- e-(v2+ P~)/C$ x 1 1 - 1 . . .
f( ) (3) - 80° N to be determined by VX and or
4o”, 40 - 60° and 60
a2 0 2
r Or
only.
where :
The values of wind speed which are likely to be equalled or
exceeded on 1, 10, 20, 80, 90 and 99 % of occasions may be
v is the wind speed;
estimated from equation (3). The expected scalar mean speed,
VS, is given by equation (4) (mathematical expectation) :
v, is the magnitude of the vector mean wind;
CO
is the standard deviation of the vector mean wind;
(5
v,, = . . .
f(v) Vdv (4)
c
is the zero-order Bessel function of
I,(x) imaginary argu-
ment.
The analysis of the scalar mean speed derived from observa-
The circular normal distribution law may be regarded as valid
tions, and calculated from the circular normal distribution for
for the four latitude zones, since aX = a, = a,/ 1/z, taking into
each zone confirms that the circular normal distribution may be
account that or = d= a, + a,, with an accuracy acceptable for used to calculate the values of wind speed with an accuracy
most practical purposes. In addition, for calculating the mean
suff icient for most practical purposes.
[SO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second
0 - 20° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r r
Geopotential
altitude H,
1% 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V
km
v, v, max
‘y
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
-2,9 -1,6
55 3,O 3J
-
-3,9 -1,2 l4,7 ll,o
V 59 60 1,o 3,O 3,O %O
-
-2,7 -0,7 15,2
72 64 62 J#O 3,O lO,7 3,O w3
-1,6 -0,3 Il,0
72 TO 60 16,0 310 98
6,3 LO 3,O
-0,7 -0,2
59 17,0 Il,6
7,7 A7 AO J#O 2,8 3,3 %7
5 -0,l 59 18,5 l2,7 10,8
02 815 8,5 v 1,o 3,O 3,5
6 -0,l 61 20,7 14,3 12,2
12 W 93 815 LO 3,O 4,3
7 10,9 10,5 67 23,5 16,4 13,8
23 w 13 5,O
9,7 3,4
8 Il,6 76 Il,0 18,8 15,8
4,8 02 12,3 26,5
L7 4,O 62
014 l3,7 l2,7 80 12,6 30,3 21,7 18,0
68 28 43 74
10 15,4 13,7 78 14,3 25,0 20,8
83 LO zo 34,5 5,5 8,5
11 10,5 l7,2 14,9 73 15,9 27,5 23,2
22 zo 32 6,5 9‘4
12 11,5 18,8 15,9 70 16,9 29,5 25,8
23 2,O 40,5 7,O 93
13 11,2 18,6 l5,7 73 16,5 28,7 25,0
Z8 Jr7 402 6,5 914
14 16,9 14,5 15,o 26,0
9,7 2,3 85 37,7 8,3 22,5
19 5,7
15,l
15 13,4 94 l3,7 34,0 23,5 20,3
8,O L8 12 5,O 73
16 13,6 12,4 100 12,2 29,8 21,2 18,0
61 69 18 43 615
17 12,l 11,5 96 10,9 25,6 19,0 16,0
4,6 w 18 4,O 59
18 10,8 l7,4 14,3
0,3 10,8 82 10,o 23,2 5,5
33 LO 316
19 10,l 65 16,2 52 13,0
v 02 917 93 LO zo 3,4
20 54 21,3 15,4 12,3
67 OJ 8,7 w 8,7 LO 3,2 5,O
21 -0,4 48 21,0 15,o 12,0
0, 0 914 8,5 J,O 3,O 5,O
22 -1,3 -0,l 44 21,0 15,2 12,2
f3,6 99 J,O 5,O
8,6 3,O
-2,1 15,6 12,6
23 -0,2 42 21,5 5,O
32 917 817 J#O 3,O
13,3
24 - 2,9 -0,2 10,3 39 16,3 5,O
93 93 Jr0 22,3 3,O
14,2
25 -3,5 -0,2 10,9 Il,4 38 10,7 23,3 17,0
1,o 3,O 5,O
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (conhued)
0 - ZOO N, July
r
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential
altitude H,
1 % 10 % 20 %
r
r r
V
km
Ka *r max
low
low high low high high
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,6
02 52 3,4 3,O
-
- 1,4 15,8 12,0 10,o
0,3 7,8 70 6,4 w 2,3 0
-
- 2,2 16,4 12,0 10,o
02 73 7‘4 633 LO 2,5 4,O
- 2,8 -0,l 16,8 12,0 10,o
8,O 60 LO 4,O
76 7,2 3,O
4 - 3,2 61 l7,5 12,7 10,2
oro 73 76 714 w 3,O 410
5 - 3,6 61 18,3 13,3 10,5
w 7,8 7,4 7,3 Jr0 310 0
6 - 3,9 60 19,0 14,0 11,O
02 73 7,4 T4 LO 310 4,O
7 14,l 11,2
- 4,l 02 8,O 7,6 58 LO 19,5 3,O 410
14,4 Il,7
8 - 4,3 02 58 20,o 42
8,3 79 8,1 1,o 3,O
14,5 12,5
9 - 4,4 59 20,5
OJ 8,8 8,4 8,4 LO 3,O 43
10 - 4,5 -0,l 10,2 61 15,8 14,0
94 92 J,O zo 32 5,2
11 - 4,8 -0,5 12,4 12,4 65 Il,8 26,8 19,0 17,0
1,o 3,4 610
12 - 5,4 -0,8 13,6 14,0 69 13,4 31,2 19,5
1,1 4,7 22,3 6,7
- 6,5 -0,7 13,8 14,3 73 14,2 23,5 20,2
13 12 ao 5,4 7,4
14 - 7,6 76 24,0 20,l
-0,3 l3,7 14,0 l3,7 1,4 5,7 7,8
33,5
15 - 8,8 13,6 13,5 79 l5,O 33,5 24,0 20,o
OfO 1,6 60 8,O
16 - 9,9 13,4 12,8 80 15,5 24,0 20,o
02 V3 33,2 610 82
17 -10,8 13,2 11,9 78 16,3 32,5 23,8 20,o
0,3 zo 62 82
15,4 23,4 20,o
18 -Il,6 0,3 14,0 10,8 70 2,3 31,5 6,5 8,5
14,2 23,0 20,3
19 -12,3 14,8 10,o 61 30,7 70 %O
02 2,5
20,6
20 -13,l l5,7 53 l3,7 30,o 278 93
02 9,6 2,s 7,5
23,5 10,5 21,3
21 -14,l l6,7 51 13,8 30,5
02 w 3J 82
25,0 11,3
22 -15,2 17,9 51 l4,7 32,4 z7
Ot3 93 3,5 83
12,2
23 19,2 10,5 63 16,0 27,0 24,3
-16,5 03 3,8 w7 93
-17,8 20,5 Il,1 70 17,4 37,3 10,o 29,0 13,0 27,3
24 07 4,O
Il,9 77 l8,7 10,7 31,5 14,0 28,3
25 - 19,2 21,9 4,5 4-02
J,O
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind sped, in metres per second (contiwed)
20 - 40° N, January
Based on circular normal law of distribution
Actual observations
r
r
Geopotential
altitude H, r 1% 10 % 20 %
r r
km K Ka 5 vmax
low high low high low high
- - - - - - -
J,O 5J
6,4 5,5
-
20,o 15,0 11‘7
1,8 8,5 1,o 2,5 4,5
8,5 99
-
24,4 l7,5 14,5
10,o 10,4 10,3 3,5 5,5
4,7 LO
17,5
11,8 11,5 70 12,6 29,2 20,8 6‘7
8,O 1,o 4,5
4 10,5 14,2 13,l 72 15,8 24,5 21,0
113 WO 60 RI
5 13,2 l7,O 15,0 76 l7,3 39,5 28,8 25,0
V 7,O 93
21,8 46,0 12,0 29,5
6 16,0 20,6 17,0 84 22 8,5 a7
24,2 19,2 24,7 53,5 10,2 39,5 l4,7 35,0
7 18,8 102 Z8
12,2 47,0 l7,5 41,0
8 21,5 27,0 21,3 124 28,l 62,5
3,7
19,7 45,5
9 24,3 29,5 140 31,6 70,o 13,8
22,7 4,4 53,8
21,0
10 26,8 31,6 23,4 142 72,5 15,0 55,7 ao
W6 4,7
21,7
11 28,7 23,4 132 35,6 72,2 l5,7 55,5
332 5,O ao
29,7 124 36,l 70,o 16,0 47,0
12 WO Z8 5,O wo ZO
28,5 21,5 118 32,9 15,5 51,3 21,2
13 419 WO Qv
W)
l4,7 47,7 20,o 41,6
14 26,5 31,l 19,9 112 29,6
4,7 58,5
18,2 38,0
15 24,3 28,4 l7,8 107 26,6 13,4
4,5 ao 43,5
l5,7
16 21,8 25,0 l5,7 102 24,7 11,5 33,5
410 48,3 38,7
21,4 43,2 33,5 12,8 29,0
17 18,l 21,0 14,0 96 3,5 93
17,2 12,8 28,0 10,2 24,5
18 14,2 88 18,0 38,5 7‘3
2,5
23,5 20,6
19 10,4 13,6 Il,6 80 l4,7 33,8 8,O
L8 5,6
l7,3
20 Il,1 10,9 73 Il,9 29,4 20,3
70 13 4,5 62
18,6 l5,7
21 10,o 10,6 68 10,8 26,2 5,4
5,3 1,o 4,O
15,2
22 10,8 10,6 25,4 18,2
43 65 LO 33 5,4
9,6
25,0 18,0 15,0
23 Il,1 62 10,5 1,o 33 5,6
3,5 93
18,0 15,0
24 Il,6 60 10,8 25,0 61
23 916 1,o 4J
15,0
25 12,4 60 11,3 25,0 18,3 6,7
2,3 W 1,4 4,5
--
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (El
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
.
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (conthued)
20 - 40° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential r
altitude H,
1% 10 %
r
r
km K V,a Or vmax
v,,
high low high
low high low
- - - - - - -
0 - 0,3
43 5,O 4,5
-
1 15,5 Il,7
0,5 69 7,4 6,7 Jr0 22 4,O 93
-
2 16,5 12,2 10,3
03 72 7,8 7J LO 2,5 4,O
3 l2,7
13 61 l7,7 410 10,8
73 61 74 LO 2,9
4 11,3
58 18,8 13,5
2J 8,O 8,4 77 1,o 3,O 43
58 19,8 14,0 11,7
2,7 8,5 8,7 82 LO 3,O 4,5
62 21,2 15,0 12,3
3,3 93 92 8,7 1,o 3J 5,O
10,3 70 23,5 16,8 l3,7
43 9,8 915 x0 3,5 5,4
8 11,6 19,0 15,6
10,8 79 10,6 1,o 26,5 5,9
5,6 0
9 21,3 17,6
13,0 12,l 87 12,2 29,7
66 1,o 43 6,5
10 19,5
14,3 13,7 93 13,8 33,0 23,6
73 12 5,O 7,2
11 15,2 15,6 96 l5,7 36,2 25,8 21,8
73 L5 5,5 8,5
12 15,7 16,5 92 l6,7 27,8 23,6
8,O 1,8 =,6 60 g,o
13 15,5 16,4 88 16,l 27,3 23,5
7,3 38,5 5,7 8,5
L6
14 24,0 20,o
14,3 15,3 87 14,4
5,3 L5 34,5 5,O 7‘3
17,0
15 12,8 14,0 89 12,8 30,3 20,7
3,O 12 4,5 CO
16 11,8 12,4 91 11,2 26,5 18,0 14,7
Of8 LO 43 5,2
17 - 1,8 Il,6 10,7 88 23,2 16,7 13,8
w LO 4,2 5,O
18 - 4,4 11,9 79 16,5 14,0
w 8,9 1,1 Z4 4,5 5,5
19 - 6,7 16,7 14,4
12,4 70 4,7 62
8,4 853 L3 Z5
l7,2 15,0
20 - 8,8 13,0 64 23,0 7,O
7,8 8,s 1,5 5,2
18,0 16,0
21 --do,5 l3,7 60 24,0
7,5 93 zo 60 8,5
17‘2
22 -Il,9 14‘7 62 10,5 25,5 19,3
7,6 23 6,7 %O
23 -13,l 15,7 65 11,l 27,0 21,0 10,o 18,9
7,8 2,6 7,7
24 -14,3 16,9 69 12,2 28,7 ll,o 20,7
3,O 8,9 Z6
10,2 24,5 12,0
25 -15,4 18,2 74 13,l 30,5 22,5
8,8 32
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (continued)
40 - 60° N, January
Actual observations
r Based on circular normal law of distribution
r
Geopotential
altitude H, 10 % 20 %
1%
r
r r
km K V, Or vmax
low high low high low high
- - - - -
- -
62 8,9 82
-
15,2
10,2 11,8 10,8 26,0 18,5
3,4 LO 4,o 60
-
Il,5 12,7 12,5 28,8 20,5 17,2
5,3 x0 413 6,5
13,2 13,8 77 14,2 32,3 23,0 19,5
7J J,O 5,O 7,2
15,l 15,4 88 16,0 36,5 26,4
8,8 L5 5,7 8J 2213
5 10,2 17,2 17,2 97 18,0 41,5 30,4 25,5
zo 6,7 93
6 11,5 19,5 47,4 34,5 10,8 29,5
19,3 101 20,2
2,3 7,5
12,3
7 12,7 21,8 21,2 102 38,0 32,5
Z2 2,6 ao 8,3
13,5 35,0
8 14,0 23,7 23,0 101 24,l 57,5 40,8
3,O 8,7
9 15,l 24,8 23,8 99 25,2 59,0 42,0 14,0 36,0
3,O 9,1
10 16,2 24,5 98 24,0 57,5 41,2 14,0 35,3
222 3,O 9,4
11 17,0 23,9 20,7 100 23,9 55,3 39,7 13,5 34,5
3,O 92
17,4 12,7 33,5
12 23,l 19,4 99 23,9 52,7 38,0
3,O w
13 17,6 18,l 96 23,8 50,3 37,l 12,5 32,5
Z3 3,2 92
12,4
14 17,6 21,4 17,0 93 23,5 35,2 31,3
3,2 480 93
15 17,3 20,6 16,l 91 23,4 45,7 34,0 12,3 30,l
3J 92
16 16,7 19,9 15,3 89 12,0 28,7
Z1 3,O 440 %O =,o
16,0 19,4 14,8 32,3 11,5 27‘7
17 88 20,7
23 4-u 816
11,2 27,0
18 15,5 19,0 14,6 89 20,l 42,5 31,8
2,3 82
Il,0 26,8
19 15,0 18,9 14,9 90 19,7 42,5 31,5
zo 8,O
20 14,6 19,0 15,5 91 17,6 42,8 32,0 Il,0 27,0
zo 83
14,5 19,5 16,5 20,o 32,7 Il,0 27,5
21 93 22 40 W
14,7 il,2 29,0
22 20,3 17,5 96 20,7 46,7 34,4
215 8,4
31,0
23 15,l 21,4 18,9 99 49,5 36,2 Il,6
wo 23 83
24 15,6 23,0 20,4 103 23,0 52,5 38,3 12,2 33,0
3,3 92
16,l 24,8 107 24,0 55,5 12,8 35,5
25 Z2 4Q5
318 9,7
60 5878-1982/Add.1-1983 (El
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (contliiued)
40- 60° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
r r
Geopotential
.
altitude H,
1%
r r r
V
km
v, V, ci, max v,,
low high low high low high
- - - -
- - -
03 43 60 5,5
-
18,5 13,5 10,5
1,8 73 1,o 3,O 3,6
8,4 7,6
-
19,5 14,5 11,4
zg 8,O 83 814 1,o 3,O 4,2
70 20,8 15,9 l2,7
4J 819 93 93 03 3,O 5,O
10,o 10,2 69 10,4 23,2 17,5 14,4
513 W3 3,7 5,7
11,4 11,l 69 11,5 26,5 19,5 16,4
6,5 0,8 4,5 6,5
13,l 12,6 70 13,3 31,5 21,8 18,5
7,8 LO 5,O 73
15,4 14,4 25,0 21,2
w 73 15,0 12 36,7 82
5,5
8 10,5 17,5 16,2 76 16,8 1,5 41,3 28,5 93 24,0
9 Il,5 19,0 17,9 79 18,9 45,0 31,5 10,4 26,6
13 6,5
10 l2,7 20,o 18,8 82 20,6 47,0 11,5 28,5
2,O 7,5 =A
11 13,6 20,3 18,8 83 21,3 47,5 12,0 29,4
zo 8,O 34,5
12 14,3 20,3 18,l 11,9 29,0
81 20,9 47,0 8,O 333
TO
10,5
13 14,0 18,0 16,5 80 21,4 31,5 27,0
X7 43,5 7,2
14 12,0 15,0 14,2 83 18,9 37,2 27,0
1,5 63 W3 Z8
15 12,0 12,0 86 14,8 31,0 18,5
w 12 5,4 QO 72
16 10,2 89 ll,o 25,5 18,5 15,5
60 93 1J 43 5,8
17 88 21,5 16,0 13,2
4,O 8,4 w 83 1,o 3,7 4,7
18 79 19,2 14,4 11,8
w 3,3 4,3
22 78 82 76
13,3 10,7
19 70 J#O 17,6 0
or1 72 7,6 68 3,O
12,5 10,l
20 -1,8 63 16,8 3,O
68 7,2 617 1,o 44
21 -3,l 60 16,8 12,0 10,O
6,8 72 72 w 3,O 0
22 -4,5 62 17,5 12,5 lO,7
7,2 7,3 73 1,o 3J 43
23 -5,5 66 l8,5 13,5 Il,5
J#O 3,4 4,5
7,8 73 83
19,6 14,5 12,5
24 -6,5 68 1,o 3,8 49
8,9 714 83
15,8 14,0
25 -7,2 JO,4 72 14 21,0 4,2 5,5
7,5 8,6
II
ISO 5878~1982/Add.I-1983 (El
- Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
Table 1
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (cohwed)
60 - 80° N, January
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
Geopotential
-
altitude H, 1 % 10 % 20 %
V
km
v, V,, max v,,
low high
low high low high
- - - - - -
-
(40 5,3 7,3 68
-
10,3 15,5 13,8
1,6 8,8 w w 22,5 3,O 5,O
-
10,6 Il,4 24,5 17,2 14,6
10,4 LO 3,5 5,3
2,5
12,2 12,6 27,5 19,5 16,5
84 11,6 w 4,2 60
3,5
23,0 19,0
13,8 14,3 93 13,5 31,4 7,O
4,8 L4 5,O
21,6
5 15,2 16,4 100 15,5 36,0 26,5
5,7 Lf3 5,8 7,8
6 16,6 18,l 102 17,0 29,0 24,0
6,3 zo 393 6,5 82
7 l7,8 19,6 101 18,5 31,0 26,0
6,9 2,o 43,o 68 93
45,3 32,6 27,5
8 19,0 20,5 100 19,4 zo 7,O 9,8
32,3 10,o 27,3
9 19,0 20,o 99 19,3 45,4
80 zo 7,O
26,0
10 l7,8 l8,7 98 18,5 43,5 31,0
8,7 zo 7,O %7
11 17,0 l7,6 100 18,1 42,4 30,2 25,l
914 2s) TO w
12 10,l l7,O 16,9 102 l7,7 41,8 30,o 25,0
2,o 6,9 92
10,9 17,2 16,5 102 41,7 30,3 25,l
13 18,0 zo 68 %7
14 Il,9 l7,8 16,3 102 18,4 41,8 30,8 10,2 25,5
zo 6,9
18,6 42,5 31,5 10,6 26,5
15 12,9 16,4 101 i8,7
24 7,O
11,3 27,5
16 14,0 19,6 16,7 98 19,4 32,7
z1 4-W 7,3
12,0 28,8
17 15,5 21,0 17,3 94 20,9 34,3
2,3 eo 8,O
18 17,0 18,0 91 36,5 13,0 30,5
22,6 222 2,5 4W3 84
18,7 24,4 39,0 14,0 33,0
19 19,0 90 23,8 2,7 52,4 93
42,0 15,4 36,0
20 20,5 26,4 20,3 94 25,8 56,5 10,4
3,O
16,5 39,2
21 28,6 99 28,8 61,3 11,3 46,0
Z5 222 3,4
22 24,4 31,0 24,0 106 31,l 67,0 12,2 50,o 18,O 43,0
3,7
47,5
26,0 26,0 112 32,6 72,8 13,3 19,5
23 WO 4J W5
119 34,0 79,4 14,3 21,0 52,0
24 27,5 37,0 28,0 593
4,5
126 65,0 57,0
25 28,8 40,4 30,o 35,0 86,O 15,5 Z5
5,O
Table 1 - Parameters of the observed wind distribution in selected latitude zones, and calculated values of the scalar
mean wind speed and of high and low percentile values of wind speed, in metres per second (concluded)
60 - 80° N, July
Actual observations Based on circular normal law of distribution
Geopotential
altitude H, - 1 % 10 % 20 %
-- l
V
v, V,a Or vmax SC
low high low high low high
- -
5,0 - 4,6 - - - -
0 02 43
-
1 LO 16,0 Il,3
7J 3,O 3,7 915
66 68 7,6
-
13,l 10,6
2 1,O 18,5 3,O 43
1,6 75 814 716
15,0 12,l
3 61 LO 21,0 5,O
23 89 93 8,6 3J
4 10,5 64 J,O 23,5 17,0 14,0
3,O 93 9,8 3,4 513
5 10,8 Il,6 67 11,l LO 26,0 19,0 16,0
3,6 3,7 5,7
4,5 1 12,3 13,7 12,9 LO 28,5 21,5 18,5
6 74 4J 6,3
21,5
7 14,0 15,9 85 15,0 12 32,5 24,4 TO
5,3 4,7
24,0
8 15,9 l7,7 99 l6,7 1,6 37,5 27,9
6J 5,3 8,O
9 l7,l 18,6 109 17,6 zo 41,0 30,o 25,0
6,5 5,9 83
16,7 17,9 107 17,0 1,6 39,6 27,5 23,2
10 617 5,7 8,4
11 14,9 15,6 15,2 12 35,5 23,6 20,2
6,5 96 5,5 7,5
20,6 17,5
12 12,3 12,5 83 12,4 Jr0 29,2 6,7
60 4,7
18,0 15,2
13 10,3 10,5 76 10,5 LO 25,0 0 5,7
5,2
15,5 13,0
14 71 J#O 21,5 4,7
413 8,7 83 8,9 3,5
15 65 14 18,5 13,5 11,3
314 7,3 7,8 7,7 2,7 410
16 61 LO 15,8 Il,7
2,5 63 TO 68 22 3,2 9,6
14,l 10,4
17 59 KO 2,o 2,7 8,5
56 6,4 5,9
18 58 J#O 13,0 zo 96 216 7,6
0,6 52 5,9 5,3
-
19 60 LO 12,4 Z6 71
f 43 5,6 5,1 13 9,1
O3 I
20 -1,3 60 LO 12,0 63
5,3 43 Jr9 w 2,7
4,8
-2,2 LO 12,0 70
21 4,8 5,2 60 5,2 zo w 3,O
J#O 12,3
22 -3,0 57 5,3 zo 9J 310 73
5J 5,O
J,O 12,9
23 -3,6 54 zo 93 310 73
53 5,O 5,6
J,O 13,6
24 -4,3 50 zo 9,6 3,O 8,5
61 5,O 59
10,o
25 -4,8 47 14,5 70 3,O 9,3
63 5J 60 I 1,o
I
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s
January
Ht
V
Station
v, v, max
c/y
km
- - -
- 1,o -1,5
Surface
3,2
-1,5 -0,z 48
2 5,7 5,8 0
4 50 6,3 5,2
TO 23 L3
E
6 10,5 30
7,4 2,3 6,3 6,3
R
II
8 17,9 15,2 52
3J 7,6 60
e
10 25,3 72 10,l
22,8 3,2 93
m .
12 33,0 72 12,4 11,4
\ 30,4 1,6
iük
Y-
; II
14 28,3 67 Il,7 10,9
26,0
ci
z
16 20,7 18,5 58 10,o w
3,4
.
18 14,2 10,9 45
% 24 93 w3
F
II
20 31
93 3,2 J#O 9,4 5,2
s
22 -l,o 22
92 Ot5 9,6 4,8
24 10,7 -2,0 20 10,3
03 5,8
25 11,6 -2,z -0,5 19 10,8
-
- -
Surface -3,l
6,5 Or5
2 13,4 Il,2 -3,4 31
6,4 6,7
4 23,6 - 1,l 52
229 8,3 79
E
6 35,5 72 10,9
03 9J
33,6
R
II
13,5 12,8
8 57,4 113
S6 0
lsr
15,5 15,2
W 10 70,o 124
fW g,o
mg
Eo
14,3
12 67,4 65,2 10,6 99 16,6
zg
8-
0 II
14 57,2 104 15,3 Il,6
St6 93
Y+
16 47,2 45,6 102 13,3
z 62
.
%
0 Il,0
18 29,0 26,0 84 69
3,2
F;
II
20 13,6 Il,0 62 6,4
13 w
9-
22 10,5 52 10,o 5,8
3,6 03
24 -0,8 48 11,4
92 03 5,1
25 -2,4 46 12,4
0,4 4,8
%O
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 2 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with strong winds, m/s (concluded)
January
H --
Station V
vs max a,
VX Y; OY
km
Surface 3,7 3,3 -1,6 - - -
2 15,8 12,0 -2,l 44 8,4 93
4 23,3 19,5 -0,5 55 Il,4 12,0
E 74 15,2 15,6
6 31,0 26,5 CO
r\
II
e 8 38,l 32,8 -0,l 89 18,8 18,5
3 10 42,8 38,3 -0,l 92 19,2 18,8
i;
Le
O& 12 39,8 36,2 02 82 16,4 16,3
>b
s 11
z+ 14 33,5 32,l 02 69 12,9 12,5
16 55 93 8,6
à, 27,4 26,0 OJ
8 18 21,2 20,4 W3 42 7,5 5,3
II
s 20 14,8 14,4 13 37 6,7 3,7
22 13,l 12,3 22 37 7J 3,6
24 13,3 12,5 23 40 8,1 4,8
25 l3,7 12,8 3J 41 &8 5,6
Surface 8,5 12 -2,0 - - -
2 12,l 4,2 -0,l 48 9,1 10,3
4 14,6 71 -l,o 76 11,3 Il,7
E 6 19,2 93 -2,8 94 14,0 14,7
m
II 8 24,0 13,2 -4,7 94 l7,2 17,9
e
3 10 23,5 14,3 -4,6 95 18,3 17,9
-
s 3
g0 12 Q8 15,6 -4,Z 95 16,4 16,5
cpco
E II
ii* 14 24,2 l8,5 -4,7 94 15,6 15,6
z
16 87 16,l 14,4
ii 25,8 19,8 -5,Z
In
R 18 26,8 19,5 -4,0 74 18,4 12,3
II
9- 20 27,2 18,3 -2,0 69 21,3 93
22 - - - - - -
24 - - - - - -
25 - - - - - -
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s
January
H,
Station
v, VX vmax a,
km
- - -
Surface -5,0 -3,0
2 -7,5 -0,6 34
83 4,8 33
4 -5,7 34
7,8 or4 5,O 49
E
- 6 27
7,8 -5,0 13 49 4,8
-
F-
Il
8 24
69 -3,4 5,2 4,5
L6
Ist
W
10 -1,5
6,3 1,3 515 4,5
.
7,3 ao 33 5,2 5J
5%
3;
14 -2,3 58
82 5,O 5,2 5,7
16 -5,0 73
92 5,2 5,3 59
.
18 -4,0 63
82 3J 56 4,6
a
-
II
20 -1,5 48
3J
6,3 Or5 61
s
22 -3,l 39
7J a1 7J 2,6
24 -6,5 33
93 02 8,6 23
25 10,3 -8,l 30
0,3 W 3J
- - -
Surface
13 Or3
OJ
2 -0,z -4,7 29
7,5 4,6 5,5
4 -0,4 30
-3,Z 66 68
E
10,6 -2,3 36
ao 8,5 8,4
a
II
8 Il,8 -0,6 40 10,4
or4 93
<
W 10 Il,0 40
1,3 03 918 8,4
tn
9,6 38 8,3 63
3,5 1,4
c,k
99 -
a II
14 11,2
44 68
5,7 23 W3
-c
16 13,0 50
2 7,6 4,8 92 72
i;
c\1
18 15,0 50 10,3
814 6,9 7,7
w
II
20 17,0 48 Il,5
&6 93 8,5
s
22 19,3 10,8 51 13,3 93
9,6
12,9 Il,6 il,6
24 60 16,0
Z8
12,5
25 25,0 15,2 Il,9 66 l7,8
Table 3 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at four stations with light winds, m/s koncluded)
July
M
Station
v, vmax a,
km
- - - - - -
Surface
2 -6,0 30
92 2,8 4,8 518
4 - 0,7 -1,6 33
633 5,3 5,6
- 3,4 -0,4 31
E 68 5,3 5,5
- 4,6 -0,4 40
7,2 5,5 4,8
10 - 5,9 -0,3 46
81 61 4,5
12 - 7,7 47
93 (47 66 49
14 13,0
- 10,9 49
1,6 72 5,6
16 16,5 - 14,9 53
z1 7,6 6,4
18 18,2 -16,4 57
1,6 7,5 7,O
20 18,3 -16,4 58
0,3 66 74
22 18,8 - 16,9
OJ 61 63
24 20,3 -18,9 32
0,3 61 5,7
25 21,l - 19,9 26
0,4 61 5,O
- - -
Surface - 0,3 -1,0
4J
2 31
60 w 0,3 43 5,3
811 13 03 61 TO
E 6 10,2 47
Z6 L3 8,O 8,3
II
8 12,3 46 10,6
3,O 1,3 9,7
*
10 11,2 37
3J 83 w
1,1
12 25 5,4 59
7,3 2,7 a9
14 18
5,2 1,6 Of7 4,1 4,3
16 12
4,O Or5 03 3,3 3,4
18 - 0,5 9
3,6 0,4 23 3J
20 - 1,6 9
3,8 Or4 Z6 23
22 - 2,7 2,7 23
W 0,5
24 - 4,l 15 3,O
5,5 03 3,2
25 - 4,9 17
61 0,3 3,4 3,O
ISO 587801982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians
MO0 E, January
= 400 m
p = oo
Geopotential $9 = lo" = zoo = 3o”
P P v
altitude H,
V,* 0"" or* vsa* V,* 0"" or* Vsa* V,* 0"" or* Vsa* V,* 0"" or* &* Fr* 0 ** Or*
km ï?,*
0 30 18 351 - 55 37 59 - 67 53 50 - 80 37 305 - - 36 304 -
1 57 15 53 74 87 65 79 62 70 32 49 64 107 75 278 73 285 93
84 100
2 24
73 83 70 100 75 84 64 73 12 340 70 141 120 271 92 135 108 281 107
3 80 32 90 66 98 64 86 67 80 44 274 76 185 170 269 100 170 137 280 121
4 80 38 92 66 97 66 89 72 110 80 266 91 255 238 267 113 173
210 275 141
5 78 45 93
66 95 71 93 77 142 116 263 108 322 309 266 125 248 209 272 161
6 80 52 93 66
92 74 96 81 177 149 261 123 396 374 265 139 282 246 270 177
7 89 67 95 65 92 72 99 81 201 166 261 126 464 434 264 156 310 283 268 191
8 98 81 96 65 90 68 102 80 227 183 260 129 530 495 263 174 322
343 266 205
9 108 95 96 65 88 65 104 80 252 200 260 600
131 555 262 191 375 354 265 214
10 118 106
98 68 88 63 109 81 280 219 259 134 64-O 586 262 205 396 366 264 208
11 130 107
104 79 88 66 118 85 300 240 259 137 650 600 262 218 404 378 263 202
12 141 108 109 90 90 71 125 90 306 261 259 140 638 616 262 231 374
390 263 192
13 150 111 108 94 92 78 125 91 285 256 258 588
137 572 262 214 372 359 263 179
14 155 113 104 95
100 86 121 90 256 231 256 129 540 524 262 194 354 343 263 166
15 160 115
101 95 110 95 118 88 228 208 255 122 490 475 261 175 336 328 263 153
16 158 119 97 95 125 103 115 86 200 183 252 114 440 427 261 155 317 310 263 141
380 363 261 143 278 265 261 139
17 150 111 95 97 130 99 113 86 170 153 250 108
18 138 89 95 100
120 n 114 86 138 116 249 104 310 291 260 133 240 222 259 137
19 127 68 96
104 98 55 113 86 108 78 246 100 243 219 259 124 200 178 256 136
20 116 47 96 107 85 34 114 86 78 40 237 96 175 146 257 115 162 135 251 134
21 108 42 95 111 82 28 107 88 56 16 200 123 91 252 108 106
93 133 246 133
22 108 58 94 115 84 47 97 94 50 16 134 106
89 56 247 105 121 85 240 133
23 114 74 94 119
92 66 93 100 52 30 105 86 95 24 225 101 111 66 232 134
24 122 90 93 124 102 86 92 106 58 46 95 82 90 21 124 97 107 48 217 134
25 134 106 93 128 116 105 90 112 68 63 91 79 90 52 97 94 105 38 190 134
* The Vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians bMiwed)
MO0 E, January
= 500 = fjoo
Geopotential q7 = 6o” = 7o"
P CD (P
altitude H,
v,* 0"" q* vsa* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0""
v,*
km
0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 45 11 225
1 93 47 329 84 57 11 5 72 8 230 84 22 77
61 73
2 104 58 324 97 72 29 15 71 82 17 200 95 91 23 165
3 109 55 311 110 80 24 19 84 91 23 187 107 105 32 192
4 120 56 300 124 93 15 37 106 105 36 193 122 117 38 208
48 217
5 135 61 290 138 113 10 84 127 127 49 196 138 130
6 149 68 283 146 123 9 126 134 142 57 194 148 140 50 216
7 160 75 277 153 125 11 158 139 153 64 191 158 148 50 212
8 167 83 272 160 122 15 177 145 160 73 188 167 155 51 210
59 211
9 167 93 269 158 112 23 189 138 160 79 192 162 160
10 160 103 267 147 105 36 197 123 151 86 200 147 162 73 213
11 153 114 265 136 102 48 202 108 140 93 206 132 162 86 215
12 154 121 262 135 110 60 212 111 140 110 212 135 158 87 216
135 120 72 218 114 149 127 217 139 155 88 218
13 158 128 260
14 167 134 258 134 132 85 223 117 165 145 221 143 153 90 219
15 174 141 256 134 149 99 227 120 190 163 224 146 153 90 221
16 179 143 253 136 164 115 227 129 225 189 225
159 159 101 225
17 178 140 249 139 176 134
226 141 257 217 226 176 170 116 230
175 137 244 142 188 152 225 153 280 246 226 193 194 131 233
19 170 135 240 146 200 170 224 166 300 274 226 211 215 147 235
20 168 134 235 149 213 189 224 177 311 291 226
229 250 157 231
21 163 133 151
231 227 203 223 166 313 279 222 251 273 166 219
22 162 132 226 153 242 219 223 156 313 268 218 272 2% 181 209
23 165 133 221 154 257 234 222 146 312 259 213 294 318 202 200
24 170 134 216 155 279 246 222 136 308 251 208 316 343 193
25 178 136 211 157 286 264 222 126 310 246 203
337 359 252 188
I
The vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
*
** The @ values are given in degrees.
ISO 587891982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians kontinued)
140° E, July
= 400
cp = oo = lo" = zoo = 3o”
Geopotential P
cp P P
altitude H,
V,* @ ** or* Vsa* V,* @ * * (T,* Vsa* V,* @ ** or+ Vsa* V,* @ * * Or* V-a* V,* 0 ** (T,"
km vs*
0 35 9238 - 43 6 218 - 52 28 132 - 40 22 193 - - - - -
38 235 76
1 50 6 211 56 60 10 114 75 80 26 129 77 64 18 270 86 65
2 60 8 145 65 70 20 101 74 87 26 118 74 76 26 286 84 86 60 255 79
3 65 18 106 74 73 29 100 72 73 31 103 71 78 28 270 82 98 74 269 83
4 72 26 101 75 77 36 101 74 77 33 101 74 80 29 272 83 115 89 273 88
5 80 33 99 74 80 42 101 77 78 34 98 77 81 29 278 85 132 105 274 93
84 40 97 73 86 47 102 79 82 35 98 80 84 30 285 88 148 122 276 101
7 85 49 96 74 83 50 100 77 80 32 94 80 85 27 298 94 170 139 276 121
85 58 95 74 81 52 98 75 78 30 88 80 88 99 194 155 277 140
8 27 315
86 66 94 75 79 54 96 73 77 28 84 79 91 28 330 105 216 171 277 160
74 92 79 81 56 93 76 79 31 75 83 96 30 345 113 240 189 278 179
10 90
11 10 78 89 88 90 58 85 89 97 47 69 96 107 31 360 127 264 207 281 199
12 110 82 84 98 100 60 78 101 117 64 65 109 116 35 13 140 278 225 283 219
28 141 264 212 285 211
13 118 78 83 98 105 66 77 102 130 81 66 110 120 42
14 99 65 84 92 104 73 77 94 136 99 69 101 119 55 41 128 234 180 286 186
15 76 53 85 85 103 81 78 87 145 116 70 92 117 69 47 116 198 149 289 162
16 68 41 86 79 102 88 78 79 152 134 72 83 116 85 52 104 160 119 293 137
92 123 87 300 116
17 73 35 87 79 100 98 80 75 158 147 74 76 114 96 51
81 102 55 312 103
18 82 36 88 85 119 115 82 77 169 153 78 73 114 100 66
19 90 36 90 92 136 132 85 79 177 161 82 69 114 106 74 69 86 32 349 90
20 100 37 92 98 154 148 86 81 188 168 86 65 120 113 81 58 77 38 50 77
21 110 49 93 106 170 165 88 85 196 178 89 63 130 123 86 48 80 66 74 64
22 120 84 93 115 186 183 89 95 203 192 90 69 147 133 88 49 96 80 80 66
132 119 92 124 202 201 90 105 210 205 91 75 162 144 89 51 114 93 85 6E
24 149 148 92 133 220 219 90 115 220 219 91 81 178 154 90 53 130 108 88 7C
91 126 235 233 92 88 195 165 91 55 148 122 90 7;
25 172 171 92 141 240 238
I
I I I I
* The Q, vr and or, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
Table 4 -
Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
MO0 E, July
= 8(-p
=50° = 60° = 7o”
Geopotential Gp P
P v
altitude H,
v,* 0”” 0,” Vsa* v,* 0”” or* j7-* 7; 0”” q* c/lsa* v,* 0””
km
C-sa*
0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 55 11 235
1 66 10 233 71 - 4 315 73 60 7 286 70 73 20 260
2 77 21 253 82 64 7 304 79 72 20 288 80 76 31 268
3 86 31 272 92 75 17 287 85 81 31 285 89 79 43 271
4 96 41 276 100 88 24 289 99 92 45 282 107 105 58 270
5 109 52 279 107 100 32 288 113 108 58 280 125 132 73 269
6 122 63 281 119 112 40 289 128 129 70 279 145 165 80 269
7 140 75 283 138 130 50 290 145 151 80 280 169 183 79 269
8 159 88 285 158 149 59 290 163 167 91 281 192 185 79 269
9 180 100 286 178 164 69 290 180 172 101 281 216 177 78 269
10 207 115 285 190 171 74 290 179 168 95 283 195 150 67 268
11 220 133 284 196 168 77 289 167 155 87 284 161 119 55 268
12 218 150 282 202 155 80 288 156 125 77 287 130 92 44 267
13 193 136 284 183 135 68 290 136 103 66 290 118 74 39 267
14 164 115 286 159 115 56 291 116 89 55 292 106 60 35 267
15 135 96 289 136 95 44 294 97 78 44 298 94 50 30 266
16 109 77 293 112 76 32 298 77 69 34 306 83 42 25 265
17 86 58300 96 59 21 311 64 63 26 320 74 39 20 267
18 75 37 311 90 49 14 348 61 60 21 344 68 39 13 274
19 71 21 344 85 47 17 31 58 60 22 13 63 40 7 286
20 71 23 45 79 51 26 55 55 60 26 36 57 40 4 360
21 72 41 72 74
56 36 66 52 62 33 51 51 40 9 49
22 82 53 78 76 67 46 72 53 66 41 62 52
43 14 58
23 94 65 80 78 75 57 75 55
70 48 69 53 46 19 61
24 106 77 82 81 84 67 78 58 76 56
74 53 48 24 63
25 120 90 84 84 92
77 80 60 83 65 78 54 51 29 64
I I I
I
* The Vsa, Vr and ~IF,, in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The 0 values are given in degrees.
Iso 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 (E)
Table 4 - Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians kontinued)
80° E, January
= 4(-p
(p = oo = lo" = zoo = 3o”
Geopotential
CD P v3 CD
altitude H,
v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" or* v,* v,* 0"" qf v,* v,* 0"" q* v,* v,* @ ** or*
km
YSa*
0 42 6 239 - 4.3 19 90 _ _ _ _ - _ - - - -
- - -
1 35 301
55 51 61 48 72 38 50 12 9 57 - - - - - - - -
2 61 47 298 53 65 52 70 45 61 14 278 _
6() _ - - - - - -
3 64 42 284 54 50 33 72 52 78 42 280 63 - - - 3 50 29 272 52
4 66 24 289
57 55 28 71 60 107 72 276 72 80 39 270 37 76 52 272 63
5 69 8346 59 64 25 66 68 137 103 274 83 141 81 270 76 100 76 272 73
73 18 68 62 72 22 66 77 166 134 273 94 195 128 270 111 128 100 274 88
7 80 33 92 64 81 11 90 88 193 160 269 108 239 186 271
134 158 125 277 110
8 86 49 102 66
91 8 173 99 219 188 266 121 283 244 272 157 188 150 279 131
9 66 106
93 68 100 19 205 110 245 214 264 135 328 302 272 180 217 175 281 153
10 103 77 108 75 110 32 210 120 270 236 261 146 373 340 271 189 244 203 281 145
11 117 75 111 89 121 49 205 127 287 245 258 152 413 368 271 191 260 231 280 135
12 130 73 115 103 133 65 203 135 294 255 256 430
158 396 270 193 258 248 280 127
13 131 65 115 106
134 63 201 135 279 246 256 157 393 360 270 179 250 240 280 123
14 54 112
126 102 128 49 199 130 260 225 257 151 355 323 269 165 241 230 280 119
15 120 43 108 98 123 34 193 125 242 204 258 146 320 286 266 151 233 222 280 115
16 114 33 101 94 117 21 180 120 223 184 260 282
140 249 267 137 226 213 280 111
17 118 23 95 93 113 12 176 115 203 159 261 135 251 213 266
125 217 198 278 118
18 124 13 99 98 108 13 208 110 186 127 261 130 225 177 265 114 208 182 275 126
19 129 4 135 103 105 16 235 106 168 97 260 126 200 140 265 103 198 165 271 134
20 134 7 248 107 100 22 248 101 150 67 259 122 174 104 263 92 189 150 267 147
21 137 8 245 107 97 21 255 99 132 42 259 116 150 79 264 88 182 140 266 147
22 138 10 114 98 98 6 256 103 114 25 267 128 132
109 67 268 93 175 267 151
23 140 25 100 89 105
9 72 107 96 11 300 101 107 55 275 97 170 125 268 155
24 140 41 97 80 118 25 73 111 78 14 24 94 85 45 285 102 164 117 269 159
25 141 56 96 71 131 40 74 115 60 29 47 64 37 300 106 109
86 158 270 163
* The Vr and cr,., in metres per second, are multiplied by 10.
** The @ values are given in degrees.
ISO 5878~1982/Add.l-1983 E)
Table 4
- Parameters of the observed wind distributions at selected meridians (continued)
80° E, January
Geopotential = 5o" = 60° = 7o" = 80°
CD v3 P P
altitude H,
v,* 0””
km y* 0”” q*
v,* 0”” cï,* V,* 0”” Or*
/sa*
Ka* Ka* Ea*
- - -
- - - - - - - - -
0 42
12 125
1 21 221 65
70 100 62 249 95 80 21 259 97 78 17 79
89 43 249 91 129 92 261 106 104 44 277 109 95 18 81
3 101 60 266 117 144 108 269 117 122 62 280 123 105 12 51
4 118 68 271 128 158 118 273 129
140 78 287 140 116 17 343
76 275 139 178 129 276 140
5 140 160 95 291 157 129 33 320
6 153 88 280 150 197 137 279 154 171 106 293 166 140 37 317
7 162 102 285 162 213 144 281 169 178 116 294 175 148 42 314
8 167 117 290 174 224 150 283 184 182 127 296 184 152 46 312
172 132 292 182
9 230 160 285 190 180 129 294 176 150 44 314
10 184 145 290 171 230 171 285 180 170 123 291 156 136 40 320
11 202 158 288 159 228 182 285 169 160 118 287 137 112 36 324
12 212 166 286 150 230 189 284 166 153 122 283 136 103 33 312
13 214 171 284 144 232 195 284 165
148 126 280 136 100 33 297
14 214 177 281 138 238 200 283 163 148 130 277 135 103 34 284
15 214 182 280 132 244 205 283 161 150 134 274 135 110 37 272
16 214 188 277 130 256 214 280 163 160 143 269 146 117 47 260
218 194 275 139 273 226 277 168
17 178 154 264 160 120 58 253
225 200 274 147
18 295 239 275 172 205 166 260 174 122 71 246
19 235 207 272 156 317 252 272 177 234 178 256 189 128 83 245
20 247 214 270 165 331 260 270 184 255 165 251 208 143 68 219
21 254 216 269 183 326 251 270 201 26
...