ISO/FDIS 3219-3

• Abstract:

  This document provides guidelines for selecting the measuring device, measuring geometry and temperature control unit. The general principles of test performance are described, and example evaluations of rotational and oscillatory rheometry are provided.

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 35/SC 9 - General test methods for paints and varnishes
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 35/SC 9/WG 30 - Properties prior to and during application and drying
• Current Stage: 5020 - FDIS ballot initiated: 2 months. Proof sent to secretariat
• Start Date: 02-Jul-2026
• Completion Date: 02-Jul-2026

• Referred By: EN ISO 11909:2025 - Binders for paints and varnishes - Polyisocyanate resins - General methods of test (ISO 11909:2025, Corrected version 2026-04)
• Effective Date: 29-Apr-2026
• Consolidates: FprEN ISO 3219-3 - Rheology - Part 3: Test procedure and examples for the evaluation of results when using rotational and oscillatory rheometry (ISO/FDIS 3219-3:2026)
• Effective Date: 12-Feb-2026
• Consolidates: ISO 22197-4:2021 - Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials — Part 4: Removal of formaldehyde
• Effective Date: 07-Jan-2025

Overview

ISO/FDIS 3219-3:2025 - titled Rheology - Part 3: Test procedure and examples for the evaluation of results when using rotational and oscillatory rheometry - is an international standard developed by ISO. This document provides comprehensive guidelines for selecting measuring devices, geometries, and temperature control systems for rheological tests. It sets out the general principles for test execution, including preconditions and performance, and offers detailed examples of how to evaluate results obtained from rotational and oscillatory rheometry.

This standard is fundamental for researchers, laboratory technicians, and quality assurance professionals working in rheology, particularly within industries such as coatings, paints, varnishes, and plastics.

Keywords: rheology, rotational rheometry, oscillatory rheometry, viscosity, viscoelasticity, ISO 3219-3, test procedures, measuring geometry, temperature control.

Key Topics

Device and Geometry Selection

• Recommendations for choosing the appropriate measuring device (e.g., viscometer, rheometer) based on the sample and required measurements.
• Guidance on selecting measuring geometries (coaxial cylinders, cone-plate, plate-plate, double gap, relative geometries) considering sample viscosity, homogeneity, and volume.

Temperature Control

• Criteria for selecting suitable temperature control systems.
• Importance of minimizing temperature gradients and controlling environmental factors (e.g., use of hoods, inert atmospheres) during measurements.

Test Performance Principles

• Outline of preconditions for accurate measurements, including ambient conditions, sample preparation, and cleaning protocols.
• Procedures for performing rotational and oscillatory tests, emphasizing the importance of adhering to device specifications like torque limits and data acquisition rates.

Evaluation and Reporting

• Examples for evaluating rotational tests (including shear viscosity, flow curves) and oscillatory tests (such as amplitude and frequency sweeps, gel point determination).
• Recommendations for test reporting, ensuring results are documented clearly in accordance with ISO requirements.

Applications

ISO/FDIS 3219-3 has broad utility across various sectors that require precise rheological characterization. Practical applications include:

• Quality Control: Ensuring coating materials, paints, varnishes, and polymers meet specific viscosity and flow requirements.
• Product Development: Assisting in the formulation and optimization of materials with tailored viscoelastic or flow properties.
• Process Monitoring: Providing data for the monitoring and adjustment of manufacturing processes involving liquids, gels, or pastes.
• Material Research: Facilitating the investigation of rheological behavior under varying conditions (temperature, shear rate, stress).

Specific industrial use cases include:

• Paints and varnishes: Evaluating shelf life, sedimentation, and application behaviors (spraying, brushing, high-speed coating).
• Plastics: Characterizing melting, crystallization, and glass transition temperatures.
• Food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics: Measuring consistency, stability, and structural recovery after processing.

Related Standards

ISO/FDIS 3219-3 is part of the ISO 3219 series on rheology. Key related standards include:

• ISO 3219-1:2021 – Rheology - Part 1: Vocabulary and symbols for rotational and oscillatory rheometry
• ISO 3219-2 – Addressing differences between measuring devices and rotational/oscillatory rheometry setups

Further references may include standards on:

• Sample preparation and handling in rheological measurements
• Viscosity measurement methodologies for specific industries

For organizations and professionals aiming for consistency and comparability in rheological testing and reporting, adopting ISO/FDIS 3219-3 ensures alignment with global best practices and helps facilitate international trade and regulatory compliance.

For more information and access to the complete standard, visit the ISO website or contact your national standards organization.

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Rheology —
Secretariat: BSI
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
2026-07-02
Test procedure and examples for
the evaluation of results when
Voting terminates on:
2026-08-27
using rotational and oscillatory
rheometry
Rhéologie —
Partie 3: Mode opératoire d'essai et exemples d'évaluation
des résultats en cas d'utilisation de la rhéométrie rotative et
oscillatoire
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
61/SC 5 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
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WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Rheology —
Secretariat: BSI
Part 3:
Voting begins on:
Test procedure and examples for
the evaluation of results when
Voting terminates on:
using rotational and oscillatory
rheometry
Rhéologie —
Partie 3: Mode opératoire d'essai et exemples d'évaluation
des résultats en cas d'utilisation de la rhéométrie rotative et
oscillatoire
Member bodies are requested to consult relevant national interests in ISO/TC
61/SC 5 before casting their ballot to the e-Balloting application.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Guidelines and requirements for selection . 2
4.1 General .2
4.2 Selection of the measuring device.2
4.3 Selection of the measuring geometry .3
4.4 Selection of the temperature control system .3
4.5 Selection of the measuring method .4
5 Preconditions for a measurement . . 7
5.1 Ambient conditions.7
5.2 Sample preparation, filling and cleaning .7
6 Performance of the measurement . 8
6.1 General .8
6.2 Measuring profile .8
7 Basic tests and example evaluations . 10
7.1 General .10
7.2 Rotational tests .10
7.2.1 Time-dependent tests in rotation .10
7.2.2 Temperature-dependent tests in rotation . 13
7.2.3 Flow curves and viscosity curves .14
7.3 Oscillatory tests .18
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation .18
7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation . 20
7.3.3 Amplitude sweeps . 23
7.3.4 Frequency sweeps .24
8 Combined basic tests .27
8.1 General .27
8.2 Flow curves and hysteresis area .27
8.3 Temperature tests as cycle tests . 29
8.4 Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps. 29
8.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change .31
8.6 Creep and recovery tests .32
9 Test report .34
Annex A (informative) Calculation examples .36
Bibliography .38

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes, in cooperation with ISO/TC 61, Plastics, SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties, andin collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement),
A list of all parts in the ISO 3219 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 3219-3:2026(en)
Rheology —
Part 3:
Test procedure and examples for the evaluation of results
when using rotational and oscillatory rheometry
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and guidelines for selecting the measuring device, measuring
geometry and temperature control unit for tests involving rotational and oscillatory rheometry. The
general principles of test performance are described and example evaluations of rotational and oscillatory
rheometry are provided.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3219-1:2021, Rheology — Part 1: Vocabulary and symbols for rotational and oscillatory rheometry
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3219-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
crystallization temperature
T
c
temperature at which crystallization starts and partial order is established when the melt solidifies
Note 1 to entry: The unit of the crystallization temperature, T , is degrees Celsius (°C).
c
3.2
gel point
transition point from sol to gel in oscillation in the linear-viscoelastic range, where the loss angle, δ, is
independent of frequency
Note 1 to entry: The gel point can be a time or a temperature.
Note 2 to entry: Contrary to this definition, the gel point is usually measured in practice at one frequency and
determined on the basis of the loss angle δ = 45° or on the basis of the loss factor tan δ = 1.

3.3
gel time
pot life
period of time for which a crosslinking material remains processable while a user-specified criterion is
satisfied
Note 1 to entry: The gel time can be determined in oscillation in the nonlinear range or in rotation.
Note 2 to entry: In practice, relative measuring geometries or alternative methods are also used, such as flow cups.
Note 3 to entry: Limiting values for the viscosity or moduli can be used as user-defined criteria.
3.4
glass transition temperature
T
g
characteristic temperature of the temperature range in which the glass transformation takes place
Note 1 to entry: The glass transition temperature depends on the test procedure and the measuring conditions.
3.5
sample preparation
handling, conditioning and load applied to the sample prior to measurement
3.6
shear relaxation modulus
G
ratio of shear stress τ to shear strain γ during the relaxation test
Note 1 to entry: The unit for the shear relaxation modulus G is Pascal (Pa).
3.7
sol/gel transition
transition range from viscoelastic liquid (sol) to viscoelastic solid (gel)
3.8
trimming
removal of excess sample volume
Note 1 to entry: With plate-plate and cone-plate measuring geometries, a trimming position is often selected being
larger than the gap width and at which the excess volume is removed so that the sample is flushed to the edge of the
measuring geometry. When the measuring position is subsequently approached, this ensures optimum filling of the
gap.
4 Guidelines and requirements for selection
4.1 General
The choice of measuring device, measuring geometry, temperature control unit, measuring method and
further accessories depends on the properties of the sample and the resulting rheological requirements.
4.2 Selection of the measuring device
In ISO 3219-2, the differences between the different measuring devices for the determination of rheological
properties and their setups are described. A rotational viscometer can be used to determine the shear
viscosity. With a rotational rheometer, it is in addition possible to carry out all basic rotational and oscillatory
tests (see Clause 7). For this reason, in addition to the viscosity function, this can be used to determine the
viscoelastic properties, e.g. shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus.
For viscometric measurements, all viscometers are principally suitable, regardless of the type of bearing.
For oscillatory measurements, creep tests and relaxation tests, devices with low internal friction should
be used, e.g. devices with air bearings or magnetic bearings. Some devices with ball bearings also offer the

option of performing oscillatory measurements, but only within a restricted measuring range. During the
measurement execution, it shall be ensured that the work is carried out within the specifications of the
measuring device, e.g. taking into account the torque limits and data acquisition rate.
To cover the broadest possible range of applications, the viscometer or rheometer shall be capable of working
with different measuring geometries. The ranges of torque and angular displacement, and therefore the
accessible measuring range, depend on the measuring device.
4.3 Selection of the measuring geometry
The measuring geometry shall be selected taking into account the available measuring device, the sample
properties and the measuring profile. Table 1 contains recommendations on selecting the different measuring
geometries. Here, CC stands for coaxial cylinder, CP for cone-plate, PP for plate-plate, DG for double gap
and RMG for relative measuring geometries (e.g. vane sensor, for details see ISO 3219-2). In general, when
selecting an absolute measuring geometry, the maximum size of heterogeneities, e.g. the particle size in the
sample, shall not exceed 10 % of the gap width. If, as a result, it is not possible to use absolute measuring
geometries, then it is necessary to select relative measuring geometries. Optional accessories, such as a
hood with a solvent trap to avoid solvent loss are described in ISO 3219-2.
Table 1 — Recommendations for selection of the measuring geometry
Criteria Recommended measuring geometry
Coaxial cylin- Cone-plate Plate-plate Double gap Relative
ders
CC CP PP DG RMG
Sample properties that determine the selection of the measuring geometry
a
Low viscosity x x x
High viscosity x x
Pasty, gel-like x
Low surface tension x x
Inhomogeneity, e.g. air bubbles,   x
foaming
Further criteria for the selection of a measuring geometry
Availability of a small sample vol- x x
ume
b
Cleaning of the measuring geometry x x x
difficult
b
Cleaning of the measuring geometry  x
not possible
c c c
Prevention of sedimentation/sepa- x x x
ration/phase separation
d d d d
Avoidance of wall slip x x x x
a
For homogeneous samples using small cone angles.
b
Use of disposable measuring geometries.
c
Surface-treated (e.g. helical spiral groove).
d
Surface-treated (e.g. sandblasting, profiling). The surface roughness, R , of the sandblasted geometry should be at least 10
a
times smaller than the measuring gap.
4.4 Selection of the temperature control system
Figure 1 illustrates the best-suited temperature control system for each measurement. It is important to
keep in mind that the temperature display can deviate from the true sample temperature. The temperature
gradient within the sample can be minimized by using an active or passive hood. Any chemical reactions
that take place with air (e.g. oxygen, humidity) can be avoided under an inert gas atmosphere.

Figure 1 — Selection of the temperature control system
4.5 Selection of the measuring method
In Table 2, typical rheological requirements are listed with recommendations for meaningful measuring
methods. Here, CR stands for controlled rate, CS for controlled stress and CD for controlled deformation
(also called controlled strain, see ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.47 and Table 1). During execution of the measurement,
it shall be ensured that the work is carried out within the specifications of the measuring device used.

Table 2 — Selection of measuring methods for viscometers and rheometers based on the example of
coating materials
a a b
Shelf life/sedimentation/phase separation x x x x x x
Starting pumping (yield point) x x x
Sagging/levelling  x x
Pumping/mixing/stirring x x
Painting/brushing/blade application (manual) x x  x
Spraying x x  x
High-speed coating x
Gel time/open time/processing time   x
c
Gel point   x
c
Temperature behaviour (glass transition tem-   x
perature, crystallization temperature, melting
temperature, crosslinking temperature)
Hardening/crosslinking   x
a
Evaluation via zero shear viscosity or yield point (if applicable, adaptation via rheological model function).
b
For determination of the linear-viscoelastic range (LVR).
c
Only in oscillation.
The shear rate range plays an important role in rotational measurements. Representative shear rate ranges
are shown in Figure 2 for selected applications from Table 2. The shear rates may, for example, be calculated
as described in Annex A.
Application
Flow curve and viscosity curve CR
Flow curve and viscosity curve CS
Amplitude sweep CD or CS
Frequency sweep CD or CS
Creep test
Step test
Rotation - rotation - rotation or
Oscillation – oscillation – oscillation or
Oscillation - rotation - oscillation or
Temperature sweep/time-dependent
test in rotation or oscillation

Figure 2 — Typical shear rate ranges for different applications based on the example of coating
materials
Typical rheological parameters are shown in Table 3 with reference to the corresponding subclause in this
document.
Table 3 — Rheological parameters and references
Rheological parameter Description in subclauses
Flow behaviour 7.2.3 Flow curves and viscosity curves
7.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (evaluation via the creep curve)
7.2.3.1 Specification of a variable shear rate (evaluation via curve fitting; or via the
Yield point viscosity maximum method)
7.2.3.2 Specification of a variable shear stress (analogous to 7.2.3.1; as a plateau value
or by means of regression lines)
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
Gel point
7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
7.2.1.1 Specification of a constant shear rate
Gel time
7.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress
Processing time
7.2.2 Temperature-dependent tests in rotation
Processing temperature
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
Crosslinking temperature
7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
Glass transition temperature 7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
Hysteresis area 8.2 Flow curves and hysteresis area
Crystallization temperature 7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
Linearity limit 7.3.3 Amplitude sweeps (end of the LVR)
LVR (linear-viscoelastic
7.3.3 Amplitude sweeps
range)
Master curve 8.4. Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps
7.2.1.3 Specification of a constant shear strain (value of the initial shear relaxation
modulus)
7.3.4 Frequency sweeps (position of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus
Average molar mass
and shear loss modulus)
8.4 Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps (position
of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus)

TTabablele 3 3 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Rheological parameter Description in subclauses
7.2.1.3 Specification of a constant shear strain (via the time-based curve of the shear
relaxation modulus)
7.3.4 Frequency sweeps (position of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus
Molar mass distribution
and shear loss modulus)
8.4. Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps (position
of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus)
7.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (via the creep curve)
7.2.3.1 Specification of a variable shear rate (as a plateau value at low shear rates)
Zero shear viscosity
7.2.3.2 Specification of a variable shear stress (analogous to 7.2.3.1)
7.3.4 Frequency sweeps (plateau of the viscosity at low frequencies)
Recovery 8.6 Creep and recovery test
7.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (via creep test)
Shear compliance
8.6 Creep and recovery test (analogous to 7.2.1.2)
Melting temperature 7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
Sol/gel transition
7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
Structure recovery 8.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change
Thixotropy 8.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change
5 Preconditions for a measurement
5.1 Ambient conditions
The ambient conditions under which the rheometer is operated shall meet the requirements of the
manufacturer of the apparatus.
It is recommended that the measuring device is placed in a climate-controlled room [temperature:
(23 ± 2) °C, relative humidity: (50 ± 5) %].
5.2 Sample preparation, filling and cleaning
The sample preparation can play a decisive role for the reproducibility of the measurement. In order to
obtain comparable results, it is necessary to coordinate all aspects of the sample preparation between the
interested parties, to adhere to these and to log any deviations (Clause 9).
Before the measurement, the measuring geometry shall be completely cleaned, with no residue left behind.
In the ideal scenario, the sample should be filled in such a way that the smallest possible shear load is applied
so that any damage to the structure is kept as small as possible. After the approach to the measuring gap, the
sample shall fill the measuring gap completely and shall be free of air bubbles.
With plate-plate and cone-plate measuring geometries, the sample is trimmed, which means that any excess
leaked from the measuring gap is removed using a suitable tool. For specific sample types, such as asphalt
binders or hotmelt adhesives, it can be necessary to adjust the temperature of the trimming tool, but to use
a certain temperature range for the trimming tool. For the removal of the excess sample, first a trimming
position above the measuring position is approached, the sample is trimmed, and then the measuring
position is approached, which produces a slightly curved sample edge. Experience shows that a gap is
chosen for the trimming position that is around 1 % to 5 % larger than the gap width. During trimming, it
is recommended to block the upper measuring geometry so that any structure present in the sample cannot
be damaged due to twisting of the geometry. The excess sample can be scraped off e.g. using a spatula (see
Figure 3). Use of a lower recess plate makes the trimming process easier. Figure 3 a) through to Figure 3 d)
show the complete process of filling a plate-plate measuring geometry, including trimming.

a) Sample in the trimming position b) Scraping off the excess sample in the trimming
position, e.g. with a spatula
c) Trimmed sample in the trimming position d) Optimum sample filling in the measuring posi-
tion
Figure 3 — Filling a plate-plate measuring geometry
6 Performance of the measurement
6.1 General
Depending on the sample and the rheological issue being investigated, a suitable measuring system and
a meaningful measuring method shall be selected from the guidelines and requirements (Clause 4) and,
where applicable, with the aid of preliminary tests. The measuring system used shall be adjusted, calibrated
and verified. Prior to the start of the measurement, it can be necessary to allow a longer waiting time for
recovery of the sample structure or to carry out a specified pre-shear, independent of the temperature
control of the sample.
All measuring conditions and boundary conditions shall be reported (see Clause 9).
6.2 Measuring profile
Once a measuring method has been chosen, the measuring profile is set. It may contain various measuring
segments (see Clause 7), each of which is specified by the preset parameter(s) and by the duration and
number of measuring points.
The preset parameters of a measuring segment may be constant (see Figure 4) or may be varied over
time. The variation may be continuous [continuous ramp, see Figure 5 a)] or discrete [stepped ramp, see
Figure 5 b)].
Key
X time, t

Y preset parameter: e.g. shear rate, γ , shear stress, τ, shear strain, γ, temperature, T
t end time to switch off the preset parameter
n
Figure 4 — Illustration of a constant preset parameter
a) Continuous ramp b) Stepped ramp
Key
X time, t

Y preset parameter: e.g. shear rate, γ , shear stress, τ, shear strain, γ, temperature, T
Figure 5 — Illustration of the continuous or discrete variation of the preset parameter
Detailed specifications of the measuring profile shall be provided to ensure reproducible measuring results
and comparable evaluations.
In the case of continuous ramps, deviations will increase with increasing rates of change of the specified
conditions (e.g. the shear load or temperature).
The adjustment time of each measuring point shall be considered.
−1
For rotational tests with shear rates below 1 s , a measuring point duration of at least the inverse shear rate
(i.e. 1/shear rate) should be specified. For oscillatory tests, at least one oscillation period should be used for
the integration time, i.e. the measuring time to calculate a data point.

7 Basic tests and example evaluations
7.1 General
A basic test consists of a single measuring segment.
The basic tests in 7.2 and 7.3 are described in terms of the following aspects:
a) measuring profiles;
b) examples of measuring curves;
c) typical evaluations.
7.2 Rotational tests
7.2.1 Time-dependent tests in rotation
7.2.1.1 Specification of a constant shear rate
a) Measuring profiles

A constant, application-relevant value is specified for the shear rate, γ . All other values are also kept
constant (see Figure 4).
b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 6 shows examples of measuring curves for time-dependent tests.

Key
X time, t
Y shear viscosity, η
1 result that is independent of time
2 initial decrease in the shear viscosity as a function of time (e.g. in the case of shear-induced disentangling of
polymer molecules or during the orientation of particles or if the sample is in a non-relaxed/non-equilibrium
state before the start of the measurement)
3 initial increase in the shear viscosity as a function of time (e.g. in the case of a shear-induced increase in
interactions or if the sample is in a non-relaxed/non-equilibrium state before the start of the measurement)
4 increase in the shear viscosity as a function of time (e.g. due to gelation, chemical crosslinking)
5 decrease in the shear viscosity as a function of time (e.g. due to phase separation, shear heating, degradation
of polymer molecules)
Figure 6 — Example of measuring curves for time-dependent tests
c) Typical evaluations
1) preliminary test to determine parameters for following tests (e.g. maximum test duration, limiting
values of the shear load);
2) mean value of the viscosity (single-point measurement) for process control and quality assurance;
3) determination of the time during the viscosity increase when reaching a specified viscosity (as gel
time, maximum processing time);
4) determination of a ratio of two viscosity values, η and η , at the time points, t and t .
1 2 1 2
7.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress
a) Measuring profiles
A constant, application-relevant value is specified for the shear stress, τ . All other values are also kept
constant (see Figure 4).
b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 6 shows examples of viscosity measuring curves for time-dependent tests.
In addition, Figure 7 shows examples of measured time-dependent shear strain results.

Key
X time, t
Y shear strain, γ
1 ideal elastic behaviour
2 ideal viscous behaviour
3 viscoelastic behaviour
t end time to switch off the preset parameter
n
Figure 7 — Examples of measuring curves for creep tests
c) Typical evaluations
See 7.2.1.1
d) Additional evaluations:
1) yield point determination via creep curves (for details, see ISO/TR 20659-1);
2) maximum deformation value, γ , at the end of the load phase at a constant shear stress, τ , see
max
Figure 8 a);
3) determination of the zero shear viscosity, η , with n creep curves (with n≥ 2 ), via the slope of the

shear strain, γ , after reaching a steady-state. This results in a shear rate, γ , according to
Formula (1) and Formula (2); see Figure 8 a):

  (1)
t

  (2)


4) shear compliance, J, (unit in 1/Pa) according to Formula (3):
 t

Jt  (3)


5) determination of the shear compliance, J, with n creep curves [with n≥ 2 ), see Figure 8 b)], after
reaching a constant slope. The creep curves shall be measured at different specified shear stress
values.
a) Time profile of shear strain b) Time profile of shear compliance
Key
X time, t
Y1 shear strain, γ
Y2 shear compliance, J
∆t time period after reaching a constant slope value
 section of the change in the shear strain after reaching a constant slope value
γ maximum value of the shear strain at the end of the creep curve
max
Figure 8 — Example of evaluations of creep tests
7.2.1.3 Specification of a constant shear strain
a) Measuring profiles
A constant, application-relevant value is specified over a specified measuring time for the shear strain,
γ . All other values are also kept constant.

b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 9 a) and b) shows examples of measuring results of relaxation tests.

a) time profile of the shear stress relaxation b) time profile of the shear relaxation modulus on
on a linear time scale a logarithmic time scale, exemplary for curve 3 in
Figure 9a)
Key
X time, t
Y1 shear stress, τ
Y2 lg shear relaxation modulus, G
G initial shear relaxation modulus
1 ideal elastic behaviour
2 ideal viscous behaviour
3 with delayed, complete shear relaxation of a viscoelastic fluid
4 with delayed, incomplete shear stress relaxation of a viscoelastic solid (the constant end value is referred to
as equilibrium shear stress)
Figure 9 — Relaxation tests
c) Typical evaluations
Calculation of the time-dependent function of the shear relaxation modulus, G, (unit in Pa) is according to
Formula (4):
 t

Gt  (4)


The molar mass distribution for non-crosslinked polymers can be derived via the shape of the G(t) curve.
The initial shear relaxation modulus, G , is the constant value of the G(t) function that can be displayed in
the short term range in a logarithmic scale; see Figure 9 b). The absolute value of the G value describes the
average molar mass.
7.2.2 Temperature-dependent tests in rotation
a) Measuring profiles
The temperature is varied between the start and the end value, either in a continuous ramp with
a specified heating or cooling rate, or alternatively in a stepped ramp with specified temperature
increments and thermal equilibrium time for each step (see Figure 5). All other values are kept constant.
It shall be stated in the test report, if shear stress or shear rate has been kept constant.

In the case of temperature ramps, a maximum rate of temperature change of 1 K/min is recommended
to ensure that measurements are performed approximately at the temperature equilibrium.
b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 10 shows examples of measuring curves for temperature-dependent tests.

Key
X temperature, T
Y shear viscosity, η
1 decrease in viscosity with increasing temperature (e.g. softening) or increase in viscosity with decreasing
temperature (e.g. solidification, crystallization)
2 increase in viscosity, possibly after an initial decrease, with increasing temperature (e.g. chemical crosslinking,
gelation, drying/evaporation)
Figure 10 — Examples of measuring curves for temperature-dependent tests
c) Typical evaluations
1) as a preliminary test for determining parameters for subsequent performance of the testing
(limiting value for the thermal load);
2) viscosity minimum (e.g. as criterion of levelling behaviour or as crosslinking temperature);
3) determination of the temperature until a multiple of the initial viscosity is reached (as the maximum
processing temperature);
4) curve fitting for rheological model functions for description of the temperature dependency of the
viscosity, e.g. according to Arrhenius.
7.2.3 Flow curves and viscosity curves
7.2.3.1 Specification of a variable shear rate
a) Measuring profiles
The value of the shear rate, γ , is changed either continuously or in steps (see Figure 5). All other values
are kept constant.
b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 11 shows examples of flow and viscosity curves without yield points (with yield point; see 7.2.3.2).
a) Flow curves b) Viscosity curves
Key

X shear rate, γ
Y1 shear stress, τ
Y2 shear viscosity, η
1 Newtonian flow behaviour (ideal viscous behaviour)
2 shear-thinning flow behaviour
3 shear-thickening flow behaviour
Figure 11 — Examples of flow and viscosity curves
c) Typical evaluations
Details for the evaluation of flow curves are described in ISO/TR 20659-1 and are presented in brief
below. The result of the evaluation is different depending on whether the shear rates were varied as
stepped or continuous values.
The following is determined during the evaluations:
1) individual viscosity values for application-relevant shear rates (see Figure 2) or shear stresses;
2) flow behaviour in the investigated shear rate range (Figure 11).
3) curve fittings for rheological model functions for flow curves without a yield point, e.g.:
i) according to Newton: 
p

ii) according to the Power Law or Ostwald/de Waele: K
PL
with p < 1 for shear thinning, p > 1 for shear thickening and p = 1 for Newtonian flow behaviour. The
exponent p is also referred to as the non-Newtonian index and K as the consistency index.
PL
4) curve fittings for rheological model functions for flow curve with a yield point (see ISO/TR 20659-1):

i) according to Bingham:  K ·
BB
Here, τ is the yield point and K is the consistency index according to Bingham.
B B

ii) according to Casson:  K ·

CC
Here, τ is the yield point and K is the consistency index according to Casson.
C C
p
iii) according to Herschel/Bulkley: K 
HB HB
Here, τ is the yield point and K is the consistency index according to Herschel/Bulkley. The
HB HB
exponent p is the non-Newtonian index.
5) curve fittings for rheological model functions for viscosity curves. Determination of the zero shear
viscosity η as a plateau value at low shear rates and the infinite shear viscosity,  , as a plateau at
0 
high shear rates (see Figure 12) with the relevant model constants c and p, e.g.:
i) according to Cross:

 



p

0  
1c

ii) according to Carreau:
 



p

0 
 
1c

 
 
Key

X lg shear rate, γ or lg shear stress, τ
Y lg shear viscosity, η
η zero shear viscosity
 infinite shear viscosity

Figure 12 — Viscosity function with the plateau of the zero-shear viscosity in the range of very low
shear rates
6) determination of the yield point via the viscosity maximum method (see ISO/TR 20659-1);
7) determination of the yield point as a plateau value of the shear stress for stepped ramps, see Figure 13.

Key
X lg shear rate, γ
Y shear stress, τ
τ yield point
y
Figure 13 — Flow curve with yield point
7.2.3.2 Specification of a variable shear stress
a) Measuring profiles
The value for the shear stress ,τ , is changed either continuously or in steps (see Figure 5). All other
values (such as the temperature) are kept constant.
b) Examples of measuring curves
The presentation is the same as in Figure 11. Although the shear stress is specified, the values are
normally plotted versus the shear rate.
c) Typical evaluations
See 7.2.3.1
d) Additional evaluation
Determination of the yield point via regression lines for presentation in a lg γ /lg τ - diagram; see
Figure 14 a), Figure 14 b) and ISO/TR 20659-1.

a) Yield point using two regression lines b) Yield point using one regression line
Key
X lg shear stress, τ
Y lg shear strain, γ
τ yield point
y
Figure 14 — Determination of the yield point using regression lines
7.3 Oscillatory tests
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
a) Measuring profiles
The values of the amplitude of shear strain or shear stress and the frequency or angular frequency are
specified as constant values (see Figure 15). All other values are also kept constant.
Usually these measurements take place within the linear-viscoelastic range (LVR). This is determined
beforehand with an amplitude sweep (see 7.3.3). The value of the frequency or angular frequency
for a time-dependent test should be identical to the value used for determination of the LVR.
Key
X time, t
Y preset parameter: shear strain, γ (CD) or shear stress, τ (CS)
Figure 15 — Specified profile of a time-dependent oscillatory test

b) Examples of measuring curves
Figure 16 shows examples of measuring curves for time-dependent tests.

Key
X time, t
*
Y shear storage modulus, G‘, shear loss modulus, G“ or absolute value of the complex shear viscosity, |η |
1 result that is independent of time
2 increase as a function of time (e.g. due to drying/ev
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2026-04-02
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ISO/DIS 3219-3:2025(en)
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Secretariat: BSI
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Date: 2026-06-17
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Rheology —
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Part 3:
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Test procedure and examples for the evaluation of results when
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using rotational and oscillatory rheometry
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Rhéologie —
Partie 3: Mode opératoire d'essai et exemples d'évaluation des résultats en cas d'utilisation de la rhéométrie
rotative et oscillatoire
FDIS stage
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ii
ISO/DISFDIS 3219-3:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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Contents
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Foreword . v
at 0.71 cm
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Guidelines and requirements for selection . 2
4.1 General. 2
4.2 Selection of the measuring device . 2
4.3 Selection of the measuring geometry . 3
4.4 Selection of the temperature control system . 4
4.5 Selection of the measuring method . 5
5 Preconditions for a measurement . 9
5.1 Ambient conditions . 9
5.2 Sample preparation, filling and cleaning . 9
6 Performance of the measurement . 11
6.1 General. 11
6.2 Measuring profile . 11
7 Basic tests and example evaluations . 13
7.1 General. 13
7.2 Rotational tests . 14
7.3 Oscillatory tests . 25
8 Combined basic tests . 39
8.1 General. 39
8.2 Flow curves and hysteresis area . 39
8.3 Temperature tests as cycle tests . 41
8.4 Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps. 42
8.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change . 44
8.6 Creep and recovery tests . 47
9 Test report . 50
Annex A (informative) Calculation examples . 52
Bibliography . 55

Page
Foreword 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Guidelines for selection . 5
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4.1 General. 5
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4.2 Selection of the measuring device . 5
4.3 Selection of the measuring geometry . 6
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stops: Not at 17.2 cm
4.4 Selection of the temperature control system . 7
4.5 Selection of the measuring method . 7 Formatted: Font: 11 pt
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5 Preconditions for a measurement . 10
pt, Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
iii
ISO /FDIS 3219--3:2025(E2026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: Font: Bold
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5.1 Ambient conditions . 10
Formatted: Font: Bold
5.2 Sample preparation, filling and cleaning . 10
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6 Performance of the measurement . 11
6.1 General. 11
6.2 Measuring profile . 12
7 Basic tests and example evaluations . 13
7.1 General. 13
7.2 Rotational tests . 13
7.2.1 Time-dependent tests in rotation . 13
7.2.2 Temperature-dependent tests in rotation . 17
7.2.3 Flow curves and viscosity curves . 18
7.3 Oscillatory tests . 22
7.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation . 22
7.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation . 24
7.3.3 Amplitude sweeps . 26
7.3.4 Frequency sweeps . 28
8 Combined basic tests . 31
8.1 General. 31
8.2 Flow curves and hysteresis area . 31
8.3 Temperature tests as cycle tests . 33
8.4 Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps. 33
8.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change . 35
8.6 Creep and recovery tests . 37
9 Test report . 38
Annex A (informative) Calculation examples . 40
A.1 Calculation of shear rates . 40
A.2 Calculation of shear stresses . 41
Bibliography 42
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iv
ISO/DISFDIS 3219-3:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
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General test methods for paints and varnishes, in cooperation with ISO/TC 61, Plastics, SC 5, Physical-chemical
properties, andin collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 139, Paints and varnishes, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement), and in cooperation with ISO/TC 61, Plastics, SC 5, Physical-chemical
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v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 3219-3:2025(en)

Rheology —
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Part 3:
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Test procedure and examples for the evaluation of results when
using rotational and oscillatory rheometry
1 Scope
This document provides requirements and guidelines for selecting the measuring device, measuring
geometry and temperature control unit for tests involving rotational and oscillatory rheometry. The
general principles of test performance are described and example evaluations of rotational and
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oscillatory rheometry are provided.
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2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
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constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
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undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
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at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
ISO 3219--1:2021, Rheology — Part 1: Vocabulary and symbols for rotational and oscillatory rheometry
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3 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3219--1 and the following apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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3.1 3.1
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crystallization temperature
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T
c
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temperature at which crystallization starts and partial order is established when the melt solidifies
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Note 1 to entry: The unit of the crystallization temperature, T , is degrees Celsius (°C). Subscript
c
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3.2 3.2 Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
gel point
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
transition point from sol to gel in oscillation in the linear-viscoelastic range, where the loss angle, δ, is
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independent of frequency
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Note 1 to entry: The gel point can be a time or a temperature.
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at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
Note 2 to entry: Contrary to this definition, the gel point is usually measured in practice at one
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
frequency and determined on the basis of the loss angle δ = 45° or on the basis of the loss factor tan δ = 1.
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3.3 3.3 Formatted: Font: Bold
gel time
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pot life
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period of time for which a crosslinking material remains processable while a user-specified criterion is
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satisfied
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Note 1 to entry: The gel time can be determined in oscillation in the non-linearnonlinear range or in rotation.
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Note 2 to entry: In practice, relative measuring geometries or alternative methods are also used, such as flow cups.
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Note 3 to entry: Limiting values for the viscosity or moduli can be used as user-defined criteria.
3.4 3.4
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glass transition temperature
T Formatted: Regular Italic, Font: Bold, Not Italic
g
characteristic temperature of the temperature range in which the glass transformation takes place
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Subscript
Note 1 to entry: The glass transition temperature depends on the test procedure and the
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measuring conditions.
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3.5 3.5
sample preparation Formatted: TermNum2, Adjust space between Latin and
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handling, conditioning and load applied to the sample prior to measurement
3.6 3.6
shear relaxation modulus
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G
ratio of shear stress τ𝜏𝜏 to shear strain γ𝛾𝛾 during the relaxation test
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Note 1 to entry: The unit for the shear relaxation modulus G is Pascal (Pa).
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at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
3.7 3.7
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
sol/gel transition
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transition range from viscoelastic liquid (sol) to viscoelastic solid (gel)
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3.8 3.8
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trimming at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9
cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
removal of excess sample volume
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Note 1 to entry: With plate-plate and cone-plate measuring geometries, a trimming position is
often selected being larger than the gap width and at which the excess volume is removed so that the sample is
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flushflushed to the edge of the measuring geometry. When the measuring position is subsequently approached, this
at 0.71 cm
ensures optimum filling of the gap.
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4 GuidelineGuidelines and requirements for selection
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4.1 General
at 0.71 cm
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The choice of measuring device, measuring geometry, temperature control unit, measuring method and
further accessories depends on the properties of the sample and the resulting rheological requirements.
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4.2 Selection of the measuring device
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In ISO 3219--2, the differences between the different measuring devices for the determination of
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rheological properties and their setups are described. A rotational viscometer can be used to determine
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ISO/DISFDIS 3219-3:20252026(en)
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the shear viscosity. With a rotational rheometer, it is in addition possible to carry out all basic rotational
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and oscillatory tests (see Clause 7).Clause 7). For this reason, in addition to the viscosity function, this .
can be used to determine the viscoelastic properties, e.g. shear storage modulus and shear loss modulus.
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For viscometric measurements, all viscometers are principally suitable, regardless of the type of bearing.
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For oscillatory measurements, creep tests and relaxation tests, devices with low internal friction should
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be used, e.g. devices with air bearings or magnetic bearings. Some devices with ball bearings also offer
the option of performing oscillatory measurements, but only within a restricted measuring range. During Formatted
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the measurement execution, it shall be ensured that the work is carried out within the specifications of
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the measuring device, e.g. taking into account the torque limits and data acquisition rate.
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To cover the broadest possible range of applications, the viscometer or rheometer shall be capable of
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working with different measuring geometries. The ranges of torque and angular displacement, and .
therefore the accessible measuring range, depend on the measuring device. Formatted
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4.3 Selection of the measuring geometry
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The measuring geometry shall be selected taking into account the available measuring device, the sample .
properties and the measuring profile. Table 1Table 1 contains recommendations on usage ofselecting the Formatted
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different measuring geometries. Here, CC stands for coaxial cylinder, CP for cone-plate, PP for plate-plate,
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DG for double gap and RMG for relative measuring geometries (e.g. vane sensor, for details see ISO 3219--
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2). In general, when selecting an absolute measuring geometry, the maximum size of heterogeneities, e.g.
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the particle size in the sample, shall not exceed 10 % of the gap width. If, as a result, it is not possible to
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use absolute measuring geometries, then it is necessary to select relative measuring geometries. Optional
accessories, such as a hood with a solvent trap to avoid solvent loss are described in ISO 3219--2. Formatted
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Table 1 — Recommendations for selection of the measuring geometry
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Criteria Recommended measuring geometry .
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Coaxial Cone-plate Plate-plate Double gap Relative
cylinders Formatted
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CC CP PP DG RMG
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Sample properties that determine the selection of the measuring geometry
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a
Low viscosity x x  x
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High viscosity  x x
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Pasty, gel-like   x   Formatted
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Low surface tension x   x
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Inhomogeneity, e.g. air bubbles,     x
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foaming .
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Further criteria for the selection of a measuring geometry
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Availability of a small sample  x x
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volume
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b
Cleaning of the measuring x x x
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geometry difficult
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b
Cleaning of the measuring   x
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geometry not possible
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ISO /FDIS 3219--3:2025(E2026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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Criteria Recommended measuring geometry
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Coaxial Cone-plate Plate-plate Double gap Relative
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cylinders
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CC CP PP DG RMG
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c c c
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sedimentation/separation/phase
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separation
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d d d d
Avoidance of wall slip x x x x
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a  For homogeneous samples using small cone angles.
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b  Use of disposable measuring geometries.
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c  Surface-treated (e.g. helical spiral groove).
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d  Surface-treated (e.g. sandblasting, profiling). The surface roughness, Ra, of the sandblasted geometry should be at least
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ten10 times smaller than the measuring gap.
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4.4 Selection of the temperature control system
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In this paragraph,Figure 1 illustrates the best-suited temperature control system for each measurement. Formatted: Font: Not Bold
It is presented. Figure 1 relatesimportant to the recommendation for selection of the temperature control
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system. It shall be taken into accountkeep in mind that the temperature display can deviate from the true
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sample temperature. The temperature gradient within the sample can be minimized by using an active
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or passive hood. Any chemical reactions that take place with air (e.g. oxygen, humidity) can be avoided
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under an inert gas atmosphere.
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+ 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7
cm
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ISO/DISFDIS 3219-3:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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at 0.71 cm
Figure 1 — Selection of the temperature control system Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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4.5 Selection of the measuring method
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In Table 2,In Table 2, typical rheological requirements are listed with recommendations for meaningful Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
measuring methods. Here, CR stands for controlled rate, CS for controlled stress and CD for controlled
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deformation (also called controlled strain, see ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.47 and Table 1). During execution of
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the measurement, it shall be ensured that the work is carried out within the specifications of the
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measuring device used.
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ISO /FDIS 3219--3:2025(E2026(en)
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Table 2 — Selection of measuring methods for viscometers and rheometers based on the
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example of coating materials .
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a a b
Shelf life/sedimentation/phase separation x x x x x  x
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Starting pumping (yield point) x x   x
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Sagging/levelling     x x  Formatted Table
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Pumping/mixing/stirring x x
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Painting/brushing/blade application x x    x
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(manual) .
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Spraying x x    x
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High-speed coating x
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Gel time/open time/processing time       x
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c
Gel point       x
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c Formatted
Temperature behaviour (glass transition       x .
temperature, crystallization temperature,
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melting temperature, crosslinking
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temperature)
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Hardening/crosslinking       x
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a  Evaluation via zero shear viscosity or yield point (if applicable, adaptation via rheological model function).
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b  For determination of the linear-viscoelastic range (LVR).
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c  Only in oscillation.
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The shear rate range plays an important role in rotational measurements. Representative shear rate
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ranges are shown in Figure 2Figure 2 for selected applications from Table 2.Table 2. The shear rates may,
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for example, be calculated as described in Annex A.Annex A. .
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Ap
pli
cat
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Flo
w
Flo
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A
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Fr
eq
Cr
ee
Ste
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tes
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ISO/DISFDIS 3219-3:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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Figure 2 — Typical shear rate ranges for different applications based on the example of coating
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materials
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Typical rheological parameters are shown in Table 3Table 3 with reference to the corresponding
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subclause in this document.
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Table 3 — Rheological parameters and references
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Rheological Description in subclauses
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parameter
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Flow behaviour 7.2.37.2.3 Flow curves and viscosity curves Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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7.2.1.27.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (evaluation via the creep
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curve)
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7.2.3.17.2.3.1 Specification of a variable shear rate (evaluation via curve fitting; or
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via the viscosity maximum method)
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7.2.3.27.2.3.2 Specification of a variable shear stress (analogous to 7.2.3.1;7.2.3.1;
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as a plateau value or by means of regression lines)
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7.3.17.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
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Gel point
7.3.27.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
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Gel time 7.2.1.17.2.1.1 Specification of a constant shear rate
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ISO /FDIS 3219--3:2025(E2026(en) Formatted: Font: Bold
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Rheological Description in subclauses
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parameter
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Processing time 7.2.1.27.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress
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Processing temperature 7.2.27.2.2 Temperature-dependent tests in rotation
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Crosslinking temperature 7.3.17.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
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7.3.27.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
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Glass transition
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temperature
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Hysteresis area 8.28.2 Flow curves and hysteresis area
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Crystallization
7.3.27.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
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temperature
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Linearity limit 7.3.37.3.3 Amplitude sweeps (end of the LVR)
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LVR (linear-viscoelastic
7.3.37.3.3 Amplitude sweeps
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Master curve 8.4.8.4. Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps
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7.2.1.37.2.1.3 Specification of a constant shear strain (value of the initial shear
relaxation modulus)
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7.3.47.3.4 Frequency sweeps (position of the crossover point of the shear storage
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Average molar mass modulus and shear loss modulus)
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8.48.4 Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps
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(position of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus and shear loss
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modulus)
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7.2.1.37.2.1.3 Specification of a constant shear strain (via the time-based curve of
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the shear relaxation modulus)
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Molar mass distribution modulus and shear loss modulus)
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8.4.8.4. Master curve by means of time/temperature shift of frequency sweeps
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(position of the crossover point of the shear storage modulus and shear loss
modulus)
7.2.1.27.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (via the creep curve) Formatted
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7.2.3.17.2.3.1 Specification of a variable shear rate (as a plateau value at low
shear rates)
Zero shear viscosity Formatted
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7.2.3.27.2.3.2 Specification of a variable shear stress (analogous to 7.2.3.1)7.2.3.1)
7.3.47.3.4 Frequency sweeps (plateau of the viscosity at low frequencies)
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Recovery 8.68.6 Creep and recovery test
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7.2.1.27.2.1.2 Specification of a constant shear stress (via creep test) .
Shear compliance
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8.68.6 Creep and recovery test (analogous to 7.2.1.2)7.2.1.2)
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Melting temperature 7.3.27.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
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7.3.17.3.1 Time-dependent tests in oscillation
Sol/gel transition
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7.3.27.3.2 Temperature-dependent tests in oscillation
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Structure recovery 8.58.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent structural change
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Thixotropy 8.58.5 Step tests for determination of the time-dependent struc
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