ISO 10241-1:2011
(Main)Terminological entries in standards
Terminological entries in standards
ISO 10241-1:2011 specifies requirements for the drafting and structuring of terminological entries in standards, exemplified by terminological entries in ISO and IEC documents. Terms and other designations occurring in terminological entries can include letters, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters), sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic or other style conventions) governed by language-, domain- or subject-specific conventions. Terms can also include standardized symbols (which can be language independent or internationally harmonized, such as symbols for quantities and units as well as graphical symbols) which are under the responsibility of different committees in ISO and IEC. ISO 10241-1:2011 is based on the principles and methods given in ISO 704 and provides rules for both monolingual and multilingual terminological entries in standards and their indexes. ISO 10241-1:2011 is applicable to all standards that contain terminological entries. It does not deal with the administrative procedures nor the technical specifications required by standardizing bodies for the preparation of terminology standards. Since presentation and layout rules by nature are very much tied to the script and to the publishing rules of the standardizing body, they are dealt with only on an abstract level in ISO 10241-1:2011. Examples and rules for a typical layout and presentation in ISO documents are provided for information in Annex A.
Articles terminologiques dans les normes
L'ISO 10241-1:2011 spécifie les exigences relatives ŕ la rédaction et ŕ la structure des articles terminologiques dans les normes, et les illustre par des articles terminologiques contenus dans des documents de l'ISO et de la CEI. Les termes et autres désignations présents dans les articles terminologiques peuvent ętre constitués de lettres, chiffres, symboles mathématiques et signes typographiques et syntaxiques (par exemple signes de ponctuation, traits d'union, parenthčses, crochets et autres connecteurs ou séparateurs) avec les styles de caractčre correspondants (c'est-ŕ-dire les caractéristiques de police de caractčre telles que gras, italique, gras italique ou autres conventions stylistiques) régis par des conventions spécifiques ŕ la langue, au domaine ou au sujet. Les termes peuvent également comprendre d'autres désignations, telles que les symboles normalisés (qui peuvent ętre indépendants de la langue ou harmonisés au niveau international), les symboles de grandeurs et d'unités ainsi que les symboles graphiques qui sont de la responsabilité de différents comités de l'ISO et de la CEI. L'ISO 10241-1:2011 se fonde sur les principes et méthodes donnés dans l'ISO 704 et fournit les rčgles applicables aux articles terminologiques dans les normes monolingues et multilingues et leurs index. L'ISO 10241-1:2011 est applicable ŕ toutes les normes qui contiennent des articles terminologiques. Elle ne traite pas des modalités administratives ou des spécifications techniques imposées par les organismes de normalisation pour l'élaboration d'une norme donnée de terminologie. Étant donné que les rčgles de présentation et de mise en page sont en grande partie liées au systčme d'écriture et aux rčgles de publication des organismes de normalisation, elles sont abordées uniquement d'un point de vue abstrait dans l'ISO 10241-1:2011. Des exemples et des rčgles de présentation et de mise en page dans les documents sont fournis ŕ titre indicatif dans l'Annexe A.
Terminološki vnosi v standardih - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in primeri predstavitve
Ta del ISO 10241 določa zahteve za pripravo in oblikovanje terminoloških vnosov v standardih, kot so terminološki vnosi v dokumentih ISO in IEC. Izrazi in druge oznake, ki se pojavljajo v terminoloških vnosih, lahko vključujejo črke, številke, matematične simbole, tipografske znake in skladenjske znake (npr. ločila, vezaje, oklepaje, oglate oklepaje in druge povezovalce ali ločevalce), včasih v slogih pisave (npr. vrste pisave in krepko oblikovanje, poševno oblikovanje, krepko poševno oblikovanje ali druge možnosti sloga), ki jih določajo posebna pravila, značilna za jezik, področje in temo. Izrazi lahko vključujejo tudi standardizirane simbole (ki so lahko odvisni od jezika ali mednarodno usklajeni, kot so simboli za količine in enote ter grafični simboli), za katere so odgovorni različni odbori ISO in IEC. Ta del standarda ISO 10241 temelji na načelih in metodah iz standarda ISO 704 in določa pravila za enojezične in večjezične terminološke vnose v standardih in njihovih seznamih. Ta del standarda ISO 10241 se uporablja za vse standarde, ki vsebujejo terminološke vnose. Ne obravnava administrativnih postopkov ali tehničnih specifikacij, ki jih zahtevajo standardizacijski organi za pripravo terminoloških standardov. Ker so pravila predstavitve in razporeditve že po naravi zelo povezana z navodili in pravili za objavo standardizacijskega organa, jih ta del standarda ISO 10241 obravnava le na abstraktni ravni. Primeri in pravila za tipičen prikaz in predstavitev v dokumentih so informativno navedeni v dodatku A.
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10241-1
First edition
2011-04-15
Terminological entries in standards —
Part 1:
General requirements and examples of
presentation
Articles terminologiques dans les normes —
Partie 1: Exigences générales et exemples de présentation
Reference number
ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
ISO 2011
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
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© ISO 2011
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ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................2
3.1 Standardization of terms and definitions............................................................................................2
3.2 Concepts and their arrangement .........................................................................................................3
3.3 Domain and subject ..............................................................................................................................3
3.4 Concept representation ........................................................................................................................4
4 Preparation of terminological entries..................................................................................................8
4.1 General principles .................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Scope of standards containing terminological entries .....................................................................9
4.3 Organization of preparatory work......................................................................................................10
4.4 Implementation phase.........................................................................................................................12
4.5 Selection of concepts .........................................................................................................................16
5 Organization and structure of terminological entries and their data categories in
standards..............................................................................................................................................16
5.1 Organization of terminological entries..............................................................................................16
5.2 Information concerning the manner in which the terminological data are presented in a
standard................................................................................................................................................17
5.3 Overview of data categories of a standardized terminological entry in accordance with
this part of ISO 10241..........................................................................................................................18
6 Requirements for the content and drafting of terminological entries ...........................................20
6.1 Entry number .......................................................................................................................................20
6.2 Terms....................................................................................................................................................20
6.3 Symbols................................................................................................................................................25
6.4 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................25
6.5 Non-verbal representations................................................................................................................27
6.6 Examples..............................................................................................................................................28
6.7 Notes to entry ......................................................................................................................................28
6.8 Source indication in a terminological entry......................................................................................28
6.9 Reusing terminological entries..........................................................................................................29
7 Terminological entries in multilingual international standards......................................................30
8 Indexes .................................................................................................................................................30
8.1 Objective of indexes............................................................................................................................30
8.2 Indexes for multilingual terminology standards ..............................................................................30
8.3 Indexes for terminology standards with language-specific order .................................................31
8.4 Indication of the normative status.....................................................................................................31
8.5 Index of all keywords contained in the terms and other verbal designations of the
terminological entries .........................................................................................................................31
Annex A (informative) Examples of layout and presentation of terminological entries, and of
terminological entries structured and drafted in accordance with this part of ISO 10241..........33
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................57
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10241-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 2, Terminographical and lexicographical working methods.
This first edition of ISO 10241-1 cancels and replaces ISO 10241:1992. The revision comprises the following
main changes:⎯ a broadening of the scope to cover terminological entries in all types of standard;
⎯ consideration of the fact that terminology work is increasingly carried out using computers;
⎯ consideration of data in multilingual terminological entries in standards (including those residing in
distributed databases);⎯ a more comprehensive and explicit structure of the individual terminological entries;
⎯ a limitation of the normative technical content of this part of ISO 10241 to cover the drafting and
structuring of terminological entries and not their layout and presentation (a typical example of layout and
presentation are provided for information in Annex A).ISO 10241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Terminological entries in standards:
⎯ Part 1: General requirements and examples of presentation⎯ Part 2: Adoption of standardized terminological entries
Guidelines concerning large-scale terminological project management, leading to terminology standards or a
series of terminology standards, are provided in ISO 15188. These guidelines supplement the rules contained
in this part of ISO 10241.iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Introduction
To ensure that communication in a particular domain is effective and that difficulties in understanding are
minimized, it is essential that the various participants use the same concepts and concept representations.
The standardization of terms and definitions is thus fundamental to all standardization activities.
Even when the immediate results of standardization are monolingual terminological entries, to facilitate
communication in science and technology, cross-cultural communication, the exchange of goods and services,
as well as the formulation of policies and strategies at national, regional and international levels, terminology
work has to be multilingual in its approach. Even in countries with only one official national language,
standardizing bodies sometimes prepare multilingual terminological entries for the purposes mentioned above.
Standardizing bodies often choose to standardize terms and definitions and to publish the result as
terminological entries in standards. This part of ISO 10241 has been prepared to provide rules for the drafting
and structuring of such terminological entries in standards; it is based on the principles and methods given in
ISO 704.Within ISO, the standardization of principles and methods for the preparation of terminological data primarily
referring to concepts and terms is under the responsibility of ISO/TC 37.ISO/TC 12 and IEC/TC 25 are responsible for the symbols for quantities and units. These symbols are often
derived from terms, and often look like an abbreviated form of the term, although the symbols have an
additional communicative function. They are the subject of the ISO 80000, IEC 80000 and IEC 60027
standards.ISO/TC 145 is responsible within ISO for the overall coordination of standardization in the field of graphical
symbols, with the exception of those for technical product documentation. This responsibility includes
⎯ the standardization of graphical symbols, colours and shapes, whenever these elements form part of the
message that a symbol is intended to convey (e.g. a safety sign), and⎯ the establishment of principles for the preparation, coordination and application of graphical symbols.
Although the work of ISO/TC 145 excludes the standardization of letters, numerals, syntactic signs,
mathematical signs and symbols as well as symbols for quantities and units, such elements may be used as
components of a graphical symbol.© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Terminological entries in standards —
Part 1:
General requirements and examples of presentation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10241 specifies requirements for the drafting and structuring of terminological entries in
standards, exemplified by terminological entries in ISO and IEC documents. Terms and other designations
occurring in terminological entries can include letters, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or
delimiters), sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic or other style conventions)
governed by language-, domain- or subject-specific conventions. Terms can also include standardized
symbols (which can be language independent or internationally harmonized, such as symbols for quantities
and units as well as graphical symbols) which are under the responsibility of different committees in ISO and
IEC.This part of ISO 10241 is based on the principles and methods given in ISO 704 and provides rules for both
monolingual and multilingual terminological entries in standards and their indexes.
[1]NOTE 1 Annex I of the IEC Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives for the work on the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary (IEV) is based on the standards prepared by ISO/TC 37. Due to specific requirements, the rules provided in
this Supplement are sometimes different from the rules given in this part of ISO 10241.
This part of ISO 10241 is applicable to all standards that contain terminological entries. It does not deal with
the administrative procedures or the technical specifications required by standardizing bodies for the
preparation of terminology standards.NOTE 2 Administrative procedures for the preparation of standards are specific to the standardizing body. For example,
[2]in ISO and IEC these rules are provided in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 .
Since presentation and layout rules by nature are very much tied to the script and to the publishing rules of the
standardizing body, they are dealt with only on an abstract level in this part of ISO 10241. Examples and rules
for a typical layout and presentation in documents are provided for information in Annex A.
2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of languages
ISO 704, Terminology work — Principles and methods
ISO 860, Terminology work — Harmonization of concepts and terms
ISO 3166 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
ISO 12199, Alphabetical ordering of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the
Latin alphabetISO 15924, Information and documentation — Codes for the representation of names of scripts
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
In the selection and formulation of the terminological entries contained in this clause, preference has been
given to general understandability. Therefore, commonly used terms (which are understandable without a
complex scientific discourse about the concepts which they represent) are not included in this clause. Where
necessary, terminological entries have been modified to meet the needs of the target group of this part of
ISO 10241. Such modifications are indicated by the string “modified —” following the source.
Because most of the terminological entries listed here have been selected from other standards, complete
concept systems are not represented. The terminological entries are thus presented in mixed order.
The terminological entries hereunder are formatted in accordance with the current ISO rules for the
presentation of terminology standards (as outlined in Annex A) and with pertinent domain conventions. Thus
cross-referenced terms are highlighted by using italic type and are followed by their entry number in this part
of ISO 10241 or by an indication of the source (for terms defined in another standard).
3.1 Standardization of terms and definitions3.1.1
terminology standard
standard that is concerned with terms (3.4.1.1.2) accompanied by their definitions (3.4.2.1), and sometimes by
explanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc.[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 5.2, modified — By omitting “usually” in front of “accompanied by their
definitions” this terminological entry is made consistent with the other terms and definitions in this part of
ISO 10241.]3.1.2
terminological entry
part of a terminological data collection (ISO 1087-2:2000, 2.21) which contains the terminological data (3.1.3)
related to one concept (3.2.1)Note 1 to entry: A terminological entry prepared in accordance with the principles and methods given in ISO 704
follows the same structural principles whether it is monolingual or multilingual.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.2, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]3.1.3
terminological data
data related to concepts (3.2.1) or their designations (3.4.1.1.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.1, modified — The accompanying note to the entry for terminological data
has been omitted.]3.1.4
data category
result of the specification of a specific type of terminological data (3.1.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-2:2000, 6.14, modified — For consistency within this part of ISO 10241, “given data
field” has been replaced by “specific type of terminological data” in the definition. The admitted term “data
element type” has not been included.]2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
3.2 Concepts and their arrangement
3.2.1
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the
social or cultural background, which often leads to different categorizations.[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.1.]
3.2.2
concept field
unstructured set of thematically related concepts (3.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: Concept fields may be used as a starting point for establishing concept systems.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.10.]3.2.3
concept system
system of concepts
set of concepts (3.2.1) structured according to the relations among them
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11.]
3.2.4
systematic order
systematic arrangement
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) reflecting the underlying concept system (3.2.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.9, modified — The phrase “macrostructure in which the terminological
entries appear in an order reflecting …” has been simplified to “order of terminological entries reflecting …”. In
this part of ISO 10241, “systematic order” is specified as the preferred term and “systematic arrangement” as
the admitted term.]3.2.5
mixed order
mixed arrangement
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) according to the preference of the standardizing body, grouped under
headings reflecting the underlying concept system (3.2.3)[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.12, modified — The definition “macrostructure in which the terminological
entries appear in alphabetical order within systematically or thematically arranged sections” has been
reworded due to the fact that the terminological entries are structured on the basis of a concept-orientated
approach rather than on the basis of a language-specific order. In this part of ISO 10241, “mixed order” is
specified as the preferred term and “mixed arrangement” as the admitted term.]3.2.6
language-specific order
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) according to ordering conventions specific to a given language or
script (3.4.2.4)3.3 Domain and subject
3.3.1
domain
subject field
field of special knowledge
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Note 1 to entry: The borderlines of a domain are defined from a purpose-related point of view.
Note 2 to entry: The delimitation of a domain in terminological entries in standards is usually based on the
International Classification for Standards (ICS). In ISO, if the ICS is not suitable in a given case, a domain or subject (see
3.3.2) should be selected to reflect a purpose, an application or specific requirements.
Note 3 to entry: If a domain is subdivided, the result is again a domain albeit at a higher level of detail.
Note 4 to entry: In IEC (which develops standards in the electrotechnology domain), the usage information related to a
term's “specific use” can be a complement to the term but is not necessarily a domain or subject as described in this part
of ISO 10241. For further information, see the IEC Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Annex I, Implementation of the
[1]ISO/IEC Directives for the work on the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) .
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.2, modified — In this part of ISO 10241, “domain” is specified as the
preferred term and “subject field” as the admitted term. Notes 2 to 4 to entry have been added.]
3.3.2subject
general topic which is treated or handled in discussion, study, writing, painting, etc.
Note 1 to entry: A subject may touch upon two or more domains.Note 2 to entry: If a subject is subdivided, the result is again a subject albeit at a higher level of detail.
[SOURCE: WEBSTER. New universal dictionary of the English language. 1972. p. 1813, modified — By
replacing in the definition the all-comprising “that” by “general topic”, the meaning of the general language
word “subject” becomes clearer. Note 1 to entry has been added to distinguish “subject” from “domain”.]
3.4 Concept representation3.4.1 Designations
3.4.1.1 Terms, symbols and appellations
3.4.1.1.1
designation
representation of a concept (3.2.1) by a sign which denotes it
Note 1 to entry: In terminology work three types of designation are distinguished: terms, symbols and appellations.
Note 2 to entry: Designations can be verbal or non-verbal or a combination thereof.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1, modified — The admitted term “designator” has been omitted. Note 2 to
entry has been added.]3.4.1.1.2
term
verbal designation (3.4.1.1.1) of a general concept (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.3) in a specific domain (3.3.1) or
subject (3.3.2)Note 1 to entry: Terms can include letters and letter symbols, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters),
sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic, or other style conventions) governed by domain-,
subject- or language-specific conventions.Note 2 to entry: A term may have variants, e.g. different forms of spelling.
Note 3 to entry: Terms may be quite complex, containing two or more roots or two or more words.
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Note 4 to entry: Several terms in a given language representing the same concept are synonymous terms (synonyms).
Terms in different languages representing the same concept are equivalent terms (equivalents).
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.3, modified — For consistency within this part of ISO 10241, “subject field”
has been replaced in the definition by “domain or subject”, and the accompanying note (while retaining its
content) has been split up into three notes adding further information. Note 4 to entry has been added.]
3.4.1.1.3symbol
designation (3.4.1.1.1) comprising letter symbols, graphical symbols or other kinds of symbol
Note 1 to entry: Symbols may have variants (see the Example in 3.4.1.1.5).Note 2 to entry: Symbols may have a normative status, such as preferred, admitted or deprecated.
Note 3 to entry: If there are two or more symbols representing the same concept, the addition of usage information to
these symbols may be useful.3.4.1.1.4
letter symbol
symbol (3.4.1.1.3) composed of one or several characters used to perform special communicative functions in
a domain expert community[15] [16]
EXAMPLE International symbols for quantities and units are specified in ISO 80000 , IEC 80000 and
[14]IEC 60027 .
Note 1 to entry: There are letter symbols, such as some of the international symbols for quantities and units, which
look like an abbreviated form of the respective name of the quantity or unit, but the symbols have additional
communicative functions. Complex letter symbols can include also numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters),
whose character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic, or other style conventions) are governed by domain-, subject-
or language-specific conventions.Note 2 to entry: Letter symbols can be ordered in indexes according to linguistic rules (extended if necessary),
whereas graphical symbols cannot.3.4.1.1.5
graphical symbol
visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used to transmit information independently of language
EXAMPLE Graphical symbol “recyclable” with two variants: .Note 1 to entry: Graphical symbols comprise a range from conventional figural signs (bearing no relation to the
concept they are assigned to) via more or less abstracted illustrations of the objects to which they refer (e.g. public
symbols or safety symbols, icons such as those used in information technology) to highly concrete representations of the
object to which they refer.Note 2 to entry: Graphical symbols can include linguistic data within or outside the graphical component (such as in
some traffic signs).[SOURCE: ISO 7001:2007, 3.1, modified — The notes have been added.]
3.4.1.1.6
appellation
name
verbal designation (3.4.1.1.1) of an individual concept (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.2)
EXAMPLE 1 Letter symbol “pi” (π) meaning the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
EXAMPLE 2 “sievert”, the derived SI unit, is a synonym for “dose equivalent” (ISO 80000-10:2009, 10-86.a).
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Note 1 to entry: Appellations can also be part of a term, such as in “critical Reynolds number”.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.2, modified — The Examples and Note 1 to entry have been added.]
3.4.1.2 Kinds and forms of term3.4.1.2.1
borrowed term
term (3.4.1.1.2) taken from another language or from another domain (3.3.1) or subject (3.3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.6, modified — “Subject field” has been replaced in the definition by “domain
or subject” for consistency within this part of ISO 10241.]3.4.1.2.2
variant
one of the alternative forms of a designation (3.4.1.1.1)
EXAMPLE 1 Variants of terms:
“colour” UK ↔ “color” US
“multi-word term” ↔ “multiword term”
EXAMPLE 2 Variants of the graphical symbol “recyclable”: .
[SOURCE: ISO 24613:2008, 3.46, modified — “Lexeme” has been replaced in the definition by “designation”
for consistency within this part of ISO 10241. Examples 1 and 2 have been added.]
3.4.1.2.3full form
complete representation of a designation (3.4.1.1.1)
EXAMPLE “compact disc” is the full form of “CD”.
3.4.1.2.4
abbreviated form
representation of a designation (3.4.1.1.1) resulting from the omission of any part of the full form (3.4.1.2.3)
EXAMPLE “CD” is the abbreviated form of “compact disc”.Note 1 to entry: For some full forms, two or more abbreviated forms may exist. For example, the “World Wide Web”
has the following abbreviated forms: “W3” and “WWW”.3.4.1.3
normative status
rating related to the use of a designation (3.4.1.1.1) in a standardized
terminological entry (3.1.2) by a standardizing bodyNote 1 to entry: The normative status of a term is one of three types: preferred term, admitted term or deprecated
term. For any of these, there can be more than one term. By analogy, normative status applies also to symbols and
appellations.3.4.1.3.1
preferred term
term (3.4.1.1.2) rated as the primary term for a given concept (3.2.1) by a
standardizing bodyNote 1 to entry: There can be more than one preferred term. If there is only one term representing the concept in a
terminological entry of a standard, this term is automatically preferred. By analogy, “preferred” can apply also to symbols
and appellations.6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.15, modified — By omitting “according to the scale of the term acceptability
rating” and adding “by a standardizing body”, the definition has been made...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 10241-1:2013
01-julij-2013
Terminološki vnosi v standardih - 1. del: Splošne zahteve in primeri predstavitve
Terminological entries in standards -- Part 1: General requirements and examples of
presentationArticles terminologiques dans les normes -- Partie 1: Exigences générales et exemples
de présentationTa slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 10241-1:2011
ICS:
01.020 7HUPLQRORJLMD QDþHODLQ Terminology (principles and
NRRUGLQDFLMD coordination)
01.120 Standardizacija. Splošna Standardization. General
pravila rules
SIST ISO 10241-1:2013 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ISO 10241-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10241-1
First edition
2011-04-15
Terminological entries in standards —
Part 1:
General requirements and examples of
presentation
Articles terminologiques dans les normes —
Partie 1: Exigences générales et exemples de présentation
Reference number
ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
ISO 2011
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SIST ISO 10241-1:2013
ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 10241-1:2013
ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ............................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope......................................................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references............................................................................................................................1
3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................2
3.1 Standardization of terms and definitions............................................................................................2
3.2 Concepts and their arrangement .........................................................................................................3
3.3 Domain and subject ..............................................................................................................................3
3.4 Concept representation ........................................................................................................................4
4 Preparation of terminological entries..................................................................................................8
4.1 General principles .................................................................................................................................8
4.2 Scope of standards containing terminological entries .....................................................................9
4.3 Organization of preparatory work......................................................................................................10
4.4 Implementation phase.........................................................................................................................12
4.5 Selection of concepts .........................................................................................................................16
5 Organization and structure of terminological entries and their data categories in
standards..............................................................................................................................................16
5.1 Organization of terminological entries..............................................................................................16
5.2 Information concerning the manner in which the terminological data are presented in a
standard................................................................................................................................................17
5.3 Overview of data categories of a standardized terminological entry in accordance with
this part of ISO 10241..........................................................................................................................18
6 Requirements for the content and drafting of terminological entries ...........................................20
6.1 Entry number .......................................................................................................................................20
6.2 Terms....................................................................................................................................................20
6.3 Symbols................................................................................................................................................25
6.4 Definitions ............................................................................................................................................25
6.5 Non-verbal representations................................................................................................................27
6.6 Examples..............................................................................................................................................28
6.7 Notes to entry ......................................................................................................................................28
6.8 Source indication in a terminological entry......................................................................................28
6.9 Reusing terminological entries..........................................................................................................29
7 Terminological entries in multilingual international standards......................................................30
8 Indexes .................................................................................................................................................30
8.1 Objective of indexes............................................................................................................................30
8.2 Indexes for multilingual terminology standards ..............................................................................30
8.3 Indexes for terminology standards with language-specific order .................................................31
8.4 Indication of the normative status.....................................................................................................31
8.5 Index of all keywords contained in the terms and other verbal designations of the
terminological entries .........................................................................................................................31
Annex A (informative) Examples of layout and presentation of terminological entries, and of
terminological entries structured and drafted in accordance with this part of ISO 10241..........33
Bibliography......................................................................................................................................................57
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 10241-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content
resources, Subcommittee SC 2, Terminographical and lexicographical working methods.
This first edition of ISO 10241-1 cancels and replaces ISO 10241:1992. The revision comprises the following
main changes:⎯ a broadening of the scope to cover terminological entries in all types of standard;
⎯ consideration of the fact that terminology work is increasingly carried out using computers;
⎯ consideration of data in multilingual terminological entries in standards (including those residing in
distributed databases);⎯ a more comprehensive and explicit structure of the individual terminological entries;
⎯ a limitation of the normative technical content of this part of ISO 10241 to cover the drafting and
structuring of terminological entries and not their layout and presentation (a typical example of layout and
presentation are provided for information in Annex A).ISO 10241 consists of the following parts, under the general title Terminological entries in standards:
⎯ Part 1: General requirements and examples of presentation⎯ Part 2: Adoption of standardized terminological entries
Guidelines concerning large-scale terminological project management, leading to terminology standards or a
series of terminology standards, are provided in ISO 15188. These guidelines supplement the rules contained
in this part of ISO 10241.iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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Introduction
To ensure that communication in a particular domain is effective and that difficulties in understanding are
minimized, it is essential that the various participants use the same concepts and concept representations.
The standardization of terms and definitions is thus fundamental to all standardization activities.
Even when the immediate results of standardization are monolingual terminological entries, to facilitate
communication in science and technology, cross-cultural communication, the exchange of goods and services,
as well as the formulation of policies and strategies at national, regional and international levels, terminology
work has to be multilingual in its approach. Even in countries with only one official national language,
standardizing bodies sometimes prepare multilingual terminological entries for the purposes mentioned above.
Standardizing bodies often choose to standardize terms and definitions and to publish the result as
terminological entries in standards. This part of ISO 10241 has been prepared to provide rules for the drafting
and structuring of such terminological entries in standards; it is based on the principles and methods given in
ISO 704.Within ISO, the standardization of principles and methods for the preparation of terminological data primarily
referring to concepts and terms is under the responsibility of ISO/TC 37.ISO/TC 12 and IEC/TC 25 are responsible for the symbols for quantities and units. These symbols are often
derived from terms, and often look like an abbreviated form of the term, although the symbols have an
additional communicative function. They are the subject of the ISO 80000, IEC 80000 and IEC 60027
standards.ISO/TC 145 is responsible within ISO for the overall coordination of standardization in the field of graphical
symbols, with the exception of those for technical product documentation. This responsibility includes
⎯ the standardization of graphical symbols, colours and shapes, whenever these elements form part of the
message that a symbol is intended to convey (e.g. a safety sign), and⎯ the establishment of principles for the preparation, coordination and application of graphical symbols.
Although the work of ISO/TC 145 excludes the standardization of letters, numerals, syntactic signs,
mathematical signs and symbols as well as symbols for quantities and units, such elements may be used as
components of a graphical symbol.© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
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SIST ISO 10241-1:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10241-1:2011(E)
Terminological entries in standards —
Part 1:
General requirements and examples of presentation
1 Scope
This part of ISO 10241 specifies requirements for the drafting and structuring of terminological entries in
standards, exemplified by terminological entries in ISO and IEC documents. Terms and other designations
occurring in terminological entries can include letters, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or
delimiters), sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic or other style conventions)
governed by language-, domain- or subject-specific conventions. Terms can also include standardized
symbols (which can be language independent or internationally harmonized, such as symbols for quantities
and units as well as graphical symbols) which are under the responsibility of different committees in ISO and
IEC.This part of ISO 10241 is based on the principles and methods given in ISO 704 and provides rules for both
monolingual and multilingual terminological entries in standards and their indexes.
[1]NOTE 1 Annex I of the IEC Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives for the work on the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary (IEV) is based on the standards prepared by ISO/TC 37. Due to specific requirements, the rules provided in
this Supplement are sometimes different from the rules given in this part of ISO 10241.
This part of ISO 10241 is applicable to all standards that contain terminological entries. It does not deal with
the administrative procedures or the technical specifications required by standardizing bodies for the
preparation of terminology standards.NOTE 2 Administrative procedures for the preparation of standards are specific to the standardizing body. For example,
[2]in ISO and IEC these rules are provided in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 .
Since presentation and layout rules by nature are very much tied to the script and to the publishing rules of the
standardizing body, they are dealt with only on an abstract level in this part of ISO 10241. Examples and rules
for a typical layout and presentation in documents are provided for information in Annex A.
2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 639 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of languages
ISO 704, Terminology work — Principles and methods
ISO 860, Terminology work — Harmonization of concepts and terms
ISO 3166 (all parts), Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions
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ISO 12199, Alphabetical ordering of multilingual terminological and lexicographical data represented in the
Latin alphabetISO 15924, Information and documentation — Codes for the representation of names of scripts
3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
In the selection and formulation of the terminological entries contained in this clause, preference has been
given to general understandability. Therefore, commonly used terms (which are understandable without a
complex scientific discourse about the concepts which they represent) are not included in this clause. Where
necessary, terminological entries have been modified to meet the needs of the target group of this part of
ISO 10241. Such modifications are indicated by the string “modified —” following the source.
Because most of the terminological entries listed here have been selected from other standards, complete
concept systems are not represented. The terminological entries are thus presented in mixed order.
The terminological entries hereunder are formatted in accordance with the current ISO rules for the
presentation of terminology standards (as outlined in Annex A) and with pertinent domain conventions. Thus
cross-referenced terms are highlighted by using italic type and are followed by their entry number in this part
of ISO 10241 or by an indication of the source (for terms defined in another standard).
3.1 Standardization of terms and definitions3.1.1
terminology standard
standard that is concerned with terms (3.4.1.1.2) accompanied by their definitions (3.4.2.1), and sometimes by
explanatory notes, illustrations, examples, etc.[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004, 5.2, modified — By omitting “usually” in front of “accompanied by their
definitions” this terminological entry is made consistent with the other terms and definitions in this part of
ISO 10241.]3.1.2
terminological entry
part of a terminological data collection (ISO 1087-2:2000, 2.21) which contains the terminological data (3.1.3)
related to one concept (3.2.1)Note 1 to entry: A terminological entry prepared in accordance with the principles and methods given in ISO 704
follows the same structural principles whether it is monolingual or multilingual.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.2, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]3.1.3
terminological data
data related to concepts (3.2.1) or their designations (3.4.1.1.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.1, modified — The accompanying note to the entry for terminological data
has been omitted.]3.1.4
data category
result of the specification of a specific type of terminological data (3.1.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-2:2000, 6.14, modified — For consistency within this part of ISO 10241, “given data
field” has been replaced by “specific type of terminological data” in the definition. The admitted term “data
element type” has not been included.]2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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3.2 Concepts and their arrangement
3.2.1
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: Concepts are not necessarily bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by the
social or cultural background, which often leads to different categorizations.[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.1.]
3.2.2
concept field
unstructured set of thematically related concepts (3.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: Concept fields may be used as a starting point for establishing concept systems.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.10.]3.2.3
concept system
system of concepts
set of concepts (3.2.1) structured according to the relations among them
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11.]
3.2.4
systematic order
systematic arrangement
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) reflecting the underlying concept system (3.2.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.9, modified — The phrase “macrostructure in which the terminological
entries appear in an order reflecting …” has been simplified to “order of terminological entries reflecting …”. In
this part of ISO 10241, “systematic order” is specified as the preferred term and “systematic arrangement” as
the admitted term.]3.2.5
mixed order
mixed arrangement
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) according to the preference of the standardizing body, grouped under
headings reflecting the underlying concept system (3.2.3)[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.12, modified — The definition “macrostructure in which the terminological
entries appear in alphabetical order within systematically or thematically arranged sections” has been
reworded due to the fact that the terminological entries are structured on the basis of a concept-orientated
approach rather than on the basis of a language-specific order. In this part of ISO 10241, “mixed order” is
specified as the preferred term and “mixed arrangement” as the admitted term.]3.2.6
language-specific order
order of terminological entries (3.1.2) according to ordering conventions specific to a given language or
script (3.4.2.4)3.3 Domain and subject
3.3.1
domain
subject field
field of special knowledge
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Note 1 to entry: The borderlines of a domain are defined from a purpose-related point of view.
Note 2 to entry: The delimitation of a domain in terminological entries in standards is usually based on the
International Classification for Standards (ICS). In ISO, if the ICS is not suitable in a given case, a domain or subject (see
3.3.2) should be selected to reflect a purpose, an application or specific requirements.
Note 3 to entry: If a domain is subdivided, the result is again a domain albeit at a higher level of detail.
Note 4 to entry: In IEC (which develops standards in the electrotechnology domain), the usage information related to a
term's “specific use” can be a complement to the term but is not necessarily a domain or subject as described in this part
of ISO 10241. For further information, see the IEC Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Annex I, Implementation of the
[1]ISO/IEC Directives for the work on the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) .
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.2, modified — In this part of ISO 10241, “domain” is specified as the
preferred term and “subject field” as the admitted term. Notes 2 to 4 to entry have been added.]
3.3.2subject
general topic which is treated or handled in discussion, study, writing, painting, etc.
Note 1 to entry: A subject may touch upon two or more domains.Note 2 to entry: If a subject is subdivided, the result is again a subject albeit at a higher level of detail.
[SOURCE: WEBSTER. New universal dictionary of the English language. 1972. p. 1813, modified — By
replacing in the definition the all-comprising “that” by “general topic”, the meaning of the general language
word “subject” becomes clearer. Note 1 to entry has been added to distinguish “subject” from “domain”.]
3.4 Concept representation3.4.1 Designations
3.4.1.1 Terms, symbols and appellations
3.4.1.1.1
designation
representation of a concept (3.2.1) by a sign which denotes it
Note 1 to entry: In terminology work three types of designation are distinguished: terms, symbols and appellations.
Note 2 to entry: Designations can be verbal or non-verbal or a combination thereof.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1, modified — The admitted term “designator” has been omitted. Note 2 to
entry has been added.]3.4.1.1.2
term
verbal designation (3.4.1.1.1) of a general concept (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.3) in a specific domain (3.3.1) or
subject (3.3.2)Note 1 to entry: Terms can include letters and letter symbols, numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters),
sometimes in character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic, or other style conventions) governed by domain-,
subject- or language-specific conventions.Note 2 to entry: A term may have variants, e.g. different forms of spelling.
Note 3 to entry: Terms may be quite complex, containing two or more roots or two or more words.
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Note 4 to entry: Several terms in a given language representing the same concept are synonymous terms (synonyms).
Terms in different languages representing the same concept are equivalent terms (equivalents).
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.3, modified — For consistency within this part of ISO 10241, “subject field”
has been replaced in the definition by “domain or subject”, and the accompanying note (while retaining its
content) has been split up into three notes adding further information. Note 4 to entry has been added.]
3.4.1.1.3symbol
designation (3.4.1.1.1) comprising letter symbols, graphical symbols or other kinds of symbol
Note 1 to entry: Symbols may have variants (see the Example in 3.4.1.1.5).Note 2 to entry: Symbols may have a normative status, such as preferred, admitted or deprecated.
Note 3 to entry: If there are two or more symbols representing the same concept, the addition of usage information to
these symbols may be useful.3.4.1.1.4
letter symbol
symbol (3.4.1.1.3) composed of one or several characters used to perform special communicative functions in
a domain expert community[15] [16]
EXAMPLE International symbols for quantities and units are specified in ISO 80000 , IEC 80000 and
[14]IEC 60027 .
Note 1 to entry: There are letter symbols, such as some of the international symbols for quantities and units, which
look like an abbreviated form of the respective name of the quantity or unit, but the symbols have additional
communicative functions. Complex letter symbols can include also numerals, mathematical symbols, typographical signs
and syntactic signs (e.g. punctuation marks, hyphens, parentheses, square brackets and other connectors or delimiters),
whose character styles (i.e. fonts and bold, italic, bold italic, or other style conventions) are governed by domain-, subject-
or language-specific conventions.Note 2 to entry: Letter symbols can be ordered in indexes according to linguistic rules (extended if necessary),
whereas graphical symbols cannot.3.4.1.1.5
graphical symbol
visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used to transmit information independently of language
EXAMPLE Graphical symbol “recyclable” with two variants: .Note 1 to entry: Graphical symbols comprise a range from conventional figural signs (bearing no relation to the
concept they are assigned to) via more or less abstracted illustrations of the objects to which they refer (e.g. public
symbols or safety symbols, icons such as those used in information technology) to highly concrete representations of the
object to which they refer.Note 2 to entry: Graphical symbols can include linguistic data within or outside the graphical component (such as in
some traffic signs).[SOURCE: ISO 7001:2007, 3.1, modified — The notes have been added.]
3.4.1.1.6
appellation
name
verbal designation (3.4.1.1.1) of an individual concept (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.2)
EXAMPLE 1 Letter symbol “pi” (π) meaning the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
EXAMPLE 2 “sievert”, the derived SI unit, is a synonym for “dose equivalent” (ISO 80000-10:2009, 10-86.a).
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Note 1 to entry: Appellations can also be part of a term, such as in “critical Reynolds number”.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.2, modified — The Examples and Note 1 to entry have been added.]
3.4.1.2 Kinds and forms of term3.4.1.2.1
borrowed term
term (3.4.1.1.2) taken from another language or from another domain (3.3.1) or subject (3.3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.6, modified — “Subject field” has been replaced in the definition by “domain
or subject” for consistency within this part of ISO 10241.]3.4.1.2.2
variant
one of the alternative forms of a designation (3.4.1.1.1)
EXAMPLE 1 Variants of terms:
“colour” UK ↔ “color” US
“multi-word term” ↔ “multiword term”
EXAMPLE 2 Variants of the graphical symbol “recyclable”: .
[SOURCE: ISO 24613:2008, 3.46, modified — “Lexeme” has been replaced in the definition by “designation”
for consistency within this part of ISO 10241. Examples 1 and 2 have been added.]
3.4.1.2.3full form
complete representation of a designation (3.4.1.1.1)
EXAMPLE “compact disc” is the full form of “CD”.
3.4.1.2.4
abbreviated form
representation of a designation (3.4.1.1.1) resulting from the omission of any part of the full form (3.4.1.2.3)
EXAMPLE “CD” is the abbreviated form of “compact disc”.Note 1 to entry: For some full forms, two or more abbreviated forms may exist. For example, the “World Wide Web”
has the f...
NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 10241-1
Première édition
2011-04-15
Articles terminologiques dans les
normes —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales et exemples de
présentation
Terminological entries in standards —
Part 1: General requirements and examples of presentation
Numéro de référence
ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
ISO 2011
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .....................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................v
1 Domaine d'application ..........................................................................................................................1
2 Références normatives.........................................................................................................................1
3 Termes et définitions ............................................................................................................................2
3.1 Normalisation des termes et définitions.............................................................................................2
3.2 Concepts et leur présentation..............................................................................................................3
3.3 Domaine et sujet....................................................................................................................................4
3.4 Représentation des concepts ..............................................................................................................4
4 Élaboration des articles terminologiques...........................................................................................8
4.1 Principes généraux ...............................................................................................................................8
4.2 Domaine d'application des normes contenant des articles terminologiques...............................10
4.3 Organisation du travail préparatoire .................................................................................................10
4.4 Phase de mise en œuvre ....................................................................................................................13
4.5 Choix des concepts.............................................................................................................................17
5 Organisation et structure des articles terminologiques et leurs catégories de données
dans les normes ..................................................................................................................................18
5.1 Organisation des articles terminologiques ......................................................................................18
5.2 Informations relatives à la présentation des données terminologiques dans une norme ..........18
5.3 Vue d'ensemble des catégories de données constitutives d'un article terminologique
normalisé conformément à la présente partie de l'ISO 10241 ........................................................19
6 Exigences relatives au contenu et à la rédaction des articles terminologiques ..........................21
6.1 Numéro d'article ..................................................................................................................................21
6.2 Termes..................................................................................................................................................21
6.3 Symboles..............................................................................................................................................26
6.4 Définitions ............................................................................................................................................27
6.5 Représentations non verbales ...........................................................................................................29
6.6 Exemples..............................................................................................................................................29
6.7 Notes aux articles................................................................................................................................29
6.8 Indication de la source d'une entrée terminologique......................................................................30
6.9 Réutilisation des articles terminologiques.......................................................................................30
7 Articles terminologiques dans des normes internationales multilingues ....................................31
8 Index .....................................................................................................................................................32
8.1 Objet des index....................................................................................................................................32
8.2 Index pour les normes de terminologie multilingues......................................................................32
8.3 Index pour les normes de terminologie avec ordre spécifique d'une langue...............................32
8.4 Indication du statut normatif..............................................................................................................33
8.5 Index de tous les mots clés contenus dans les termes et autres désignations verbales
des articles terminologiques..............................................................................................................33
Annex A (informative) Exemples de présentation et de mise en page des articlesterminologiques et exemples d'articles terminologiques structurés et élaborés selon la
présente partie de l'ISO 10241 ...........................................................................................................34
Bibliographie.....................................................................................................................................................58
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée
aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du
comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les Normes internationales sont rédigées conformément aux règles données dans les Directives ISO/CEI,
Partie 2.La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes
internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour vote. Leur
publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités membres
votants.L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire l'objet de
droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. L'ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne
pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et averti de leur existence.L'ISO 10241-1 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 37, Terminologie et autres ressources
langagières et ressources de contenu, sous-comité SC 2, Méthodes de travail terminographiques et
lexicographiques.Cette première édition de l'ISO 10241-1 annule et remplace l'ISO 10241:1992. Les principales modifications
de la version révisée ont porté sur les points suivants:⎯ le domaine d'application a été élargi pour inclure les articles terminologiques dans tous les types de
norme;⎯ la prise en compte du fait que le travail terminologique est de plus en plus réalisé en utilisant des outils
informatiques;⎯ la prise en compte des données contenues dans les articles terminologiques multilingues dans les
normes (y compris celles contenues dans les bases de données distribuées);⎯ une structure plus exhaustive et explicite des articles terminologiques individuels;
⎯ le contenu technique normatif a été restreint dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241 à la préparation,
l'élaboration et la structure des articles terminologiques, sans inclure leur mise en page et leur
présentation (un exemple type de mise en page et de présentation est fourni à titre indicatif dans
l'Annexe A).L'ISO 10241 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Articles terminologiques dans
les normes:⎯ Partie 1: Exigences générales et exemples de présentation
⎯ Partie 2: Adoption d'articles terminologiques normalisés
Des lignes directrices relatives à des projets terminologiques de grande envergure, qui aboutissent à des
normes de terminologie ou à un groupe de normes de terminologie, sont données dans l'ISO 15188. Ces
lignes directrices complètent les règles contenues dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241.
iv © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
Introduction
Afin de garantir l'efficacité de la communication dans un domaine particulier et de réduire au maximum les
difficultés de compréhension, il est essentiel que les divers acteurs du domaine utilisent les mêmes concepts
et les mêmes représentations des concepts. La normalisation des termes et définitions est donc fondamentale
pour toutes les activités de normalisation.Pour faciliter la communication dans les sciences et techniques, la communication interculturelle, l'échange
des biens et services, ainsi que la formulation des politiques et stratégies aux niveaux national, régional et
international, le travail terminologique doit être appréhendé comme multilingue, même quand les résultats
immédiats sont concrétisés par des articles terminologiques monolingues. Les organismes de normalisation
élaborent parfois, même dans les pays à langue officielle unique, des articles terminologiques multilingues
pour les besoins susmentionnés.Les organismes de normalisation choisissent souvent de normaliser des termes et des définitions et de les
publier sous forme d'articles terminologiques dans des normes. La présente partie de l'ISO 10241 a été
élaborée en vue de fournir les règles de rédaction et de structure des articles terminologiques dans les
normes et elle se fonde sur les principes et méthodes donnés dans l'ISO 704.La normalisation à l'ISO des principes et méthodes applicables aux données terminologiques faisant
principalement référence aux concepts et termes relève de la responsabilité de l'ISO/TC 37.
L'ISO/TC 12 et la CEI/CE 25 sont responsables des symboles de grandeurs et d'unités. Ces symboles
dérivent souvent de termes et s'apparentent à une forme abrégée du terme, bien qu'ils présentent une
fonction de communication supplémentaire. Ils sont traités dans l'ISO 80000, la CEI 80000 et la CEI 60027.
L'ISO/TC 145 est chargé de la coordination globale de la normalisation dans le domaine des symboles
graphiques, à l'exception de la documentation de produits techniques. Les tâches qui lui incombent
comprennent les éléments suivants:⎯ la normalisation dans le domaine des symboles graphiques ainsi que des couleurs et des formes, lorsque
ces éléments font partie du message qu'un symbole est prévu de transmettre (par exemple un panneau
de sécurité);⎯ l'établissement des principes de préparation, coordination et application des symboles graphiques.
Le travail de l'ISO/TC 145 exclut la normalisation des lettres, chiffres, signes de ponctuation, signes et
symboles mathématiques ainsi que des symboles de grandeurs et unités. Ces éléments peuvent toutefois
être utilisés comme composants d'un symbole graphique.© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés v
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NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
Articles terminologiques dans les normes —
Partie 1:
Exigences générales et exemples de présentation
1 Domaine d'application
La présente partie de l'ISO 10241 spécifie les exigences relatives à la rédaction et à la structure des articles
terminologiques dans les normes, et les illustre par des articles terminologiques contenus dans des
documents de l'ISO et de la CEI. Les termes et autres désignations présents dans les articles terminologiques
peuvent être constitués de lettres, chiffres, symboles mathématiques et signes typographiques et syntaxiques
(par exemple signes de ponctuation, traits d'union, parenthèses, crochets et autres connecteurs ou
séparateurs) avec les styles de caractère correspondants (c'est-à-dire les caractéristiques de police de
caractère telles que gras, italique, gras italique ou autres conventions stylistiques) régis par des conventions
spécifiques à la langue, au domaine ou au sujet. Les termes peuvent également comprendre d'autres
désignations, telles que les symboles normalisés (qui peuvent être indépendants de la langue ou harmonisés
au niveau international), les symboles de grandeurs et d'unités ainsi que les symboles graphiques qui sont de
la responsabilité de différents comités de l'ISO et de la CEI.La présente partie de l'ISO 10241 se fonde sur les principes et méthodes donnés dans l'ISO 704 et fournit les
règles applicables aux articles terminologiques dans les normes monolingues et multilingues et leurs index.
[1]NOTE 1 L'Annexe I du Complément CEI aux Directives ISO/CEI pour le travail sur le Vocabulaire Électrotechnique
International (VEI) est fondée sur les normes élaborées par l'ISO/TC 37. En raison d'exigences spécifiques, les règles
fournies dans ce Complément sont parfois différentes de celles données dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241.
La présente partie de l'ISO 10241 est applicable à toutes les normes qui contiennent des articles
terminologiques. Elle ne traite pas des modalités administratives ou des spécifications techniques imposées
par les organismes de normalisation pour l'élaboration d'une norme donnée de terminologie.
NOTE 2 Les modalités administratives relatives à l'élaboration des normes de terminologie sont propres à chaque
organisme de normalisation. Par exemple, pour l'ISO et la CEI, ces règles sont fournies par les Directives ISO/CEI,
[2]Partie 1 .
Étant donné que les règles de présentation et de mise en page sont en grande partie liées au système
d'écriture et aux règles de publication des organismes de normalisation, elles sont abordées uniquement d'un
point de vue abstrait dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241. Des exemples et des règles de présentation et
de mise en page dans les documents sont fournis à titre indicatif dans l'Annexe A.
2 Références normativesLes documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document. Pour les
références datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).ISO 639 (toutes les parties), Codes pour la représentation des noms de langue
ISO 704, Travail terminologique — Principes et méthodes
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 1
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
ISO 860, Travaux terminologiques — Harmonisation des concepts et des termes
ISO 3166 (toutes les parties), Codes pour la représentation des noms de pays et de leurs subdivisions
ISO 12199, Mise en ordre alphabétique des données lexicographiques et terminologiques multilingues
représentées dans l'alphabet latinISO 15924, Information et documentation — Codes pour la représentation des noms d'écritures
3 Termes et définitionsPour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent.
Pour la sélection et la formulation des articles terminologiques contenus dans le présent article, la préférence
a été donnée à une intelligibilité générale. Par conséquent, les termes communément utilisés (qui sont
parfaitement compréhensibles sans nécessiter une analyse discursive scientifique complexe des concepts
qu'ils représentent) ne sont pas inclus dans le présent article. Les articles terminologiques ont été, lorsque
nécessaire, modifiés pour répondre aux besoins du groupe cible de la présente partie de l'ISO 10241. Ces
modifications sont repérées par la chaîne «modifié —» suivant la source.Dans la mesure où la plupart des articles terminologiques énumérés dans le présent document ont été
sélectionnés à partir d'autres normes, les systèmes de concepts complets ne sont pas représentés. Les
articles terminologiques sont de ce fait présentés dans un ordre mixte.Les articles terminologiques suivants sont formatés selon les règles courantes de l'ISO pour la présentation
des normes de terminologie (comme indiqué à l'Annexe A), avec les conventions de domaine
correspondantes. De ce fait, les termes à référence croisée sont mis en évidence en italique et suivis de leur
numéro d'article dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241 ou d'une référence à une source (pour les termes
définis dans une autre norme).3.1 Normalisation des termes et définitions
3.1.1
norme de terminologie
norme qui fixe des termes (3.4.1.1.2) accompagnés de leur définition (3.4.2.1), et parfois de notes explicatives,
d'illustrations, d'exemples, etc.[SOURCE: Guide ISO/CEI 2:2004, 5.2, modifié — En retirant «généralement» avant «accompagnés de leur
définition», cet article terminologique est mis en conformité avec les autres termes et définitions de la
présente partie de l'ISO 10241.]3.1.2
article terminologique
partie d'une collecte de données terminologiques (ISO 1087-2:2000, 2.21) qui contient les données
terminologiques (3.1.3) relatives à un concept (3.2.1)Note 1 à l'article: Un article terminologique élaboré conformément aux principes et méthodes donnés dans l'ISO 704
suit les mêmes principes de structuration, qu'il soit monolingue ou multilingue.[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.2, modifié — La Note 1 à l'article a été ajoutée.]
3.1.3
donnée terminologique
donnée relative à un concept (3.2.1) ou à sa désignation (3.4.1.1.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.8.1, modifié — La note d'accompagnement à l'article terminologique pour les
données terminologiques a été retirée.]2 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
3.1.4
catégorie de données
résultat de la spécification d'un type particulier de données terminologiques (3.1.3)
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-2:2000, 6.14, modifié — Dans la définition, «domaine de données» a été remplacé par
«type particulier de données terminologiques» pour des raisons de cohérence dans la présente partie de
l'ISO 10241. Le terme toléré «type d'élément de données» n'a pas été inclus.]3.2 Concepts et leur présentation
3.2.1
concept
notion
unité de connaissance créée par une combinaison unique de caractères (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.4)
Note 1 à l'article: Les concepts ne sont pas nécessairement liés à des langues particulières. Ils sont cependant soumis
à l'influence du contexte socioculturel qui conduit souvent à des catégorisations différentes.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.1.]3.2.2
champ conceptuel
champ notionnel
groupe non structuré de concepts (3.2.1) qui ont entre eux des liens thématiques
Note 1 à l'article: Les champs conceptuels peuvent servir de point de départ à l'établissement d'un système de
concepts.[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.10.]
3.2.3
système de concepts
système de notions
ensemble de concepts (3.2.1) structuré selon les relations qui les unissent
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11.]
3.2.4
ordre systématique
classement systématique
ordre des articles terminologiques (3.1.2) qui reflète le système de concepts (3.2.3) sous-jacent
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.9, modifié — La phrase «macrostructure dans laquelle les articles
terminologiques apparaissent dans un ordre qui reflète…» a été simplifiée pour donner «ordre des articles
terminologiques qui reflète …». Dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241, «ordre systématique» est spécifié
comme le terme privilégié et «classement systématique» comme le terme toléré.]3.2.5
ordre mixte
classement mixte
ordre des articles terminologiques (3.1.2), établi selon les préférences convenues de l'organisme de
normalisation, regroupés sous les titres reflétant le système de concepts (3.2.3) sous-jacent
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.7.12, modifié — La définition «macrostructure dans laquelle les articles
terminologiques apparaissent dans l'ordre alphabétique à l'intérieur d'un classement systématique ou
thématique» a été reformulée du fait que les articles terminologiques sont structurés sur la base d'une
approche orientée concept plutôt que selon un ordre de tri spécifique de la langue. Dans la présente partie de
l'ISO 10241, «ordre mixte» est spécifié comme le terme privilégié et «classement mixte» comme le terme
toléré.]© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 3
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
3.2.6
ordre de tri spécifique de la langue
ordre des articles terminologiques (3.1.2), selon les conventions de classement spécifiques à une langue ou
un système d'écriture (3.4.2.4) donné3.3 Domaine et sujet
3.3.1
domaine
branche spécialisée de la connaissance
Note 1 à l'article: Les limites d'un domaine sont définies selon un point de vue particulier lié à l'objectif visé.
Note 2 à l'article: La délimitation d'un domaine dans les articles terminologiques dans les normes est généralement
fondée sur la Classification Internationale pour les Normes (ICS). Pour l'ISO, si la classification ICS ne convient pas dans
un cas donné, il convient de sélectionner le domaine ou le sujet (voir 3.3.2) pour refléter un objet, une application ou des
exigences spécifiques.Note 3 à l'article: Si un domaine est subdivisé, le résultat est de nouveau un domaine bien que d'un niveau supérieur de
détail.Note 4 à l'article: Pour la CEI (qui élabore des normes dans le domaine électrotechnique), l'attribut d'usage relatif à
l'«utilisation spécifique» d'un terme peut être un complément du terme, mais n'est pas nécessairement un domaine ou un
sujet tels que décrits dans la présente partie de l'ISO 10241. Pour de plus amples informations, voir le Complément de la
CEI aux Directives ISO/CEI, Annexe I, Mise en œuvre des Directives ISO/CEI pour le travail sur le Vocabulaire
[1]Electrotechnique International (VEI) .
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.1.2, modifié — Les Notes 2 à 4 à l'article ont été ajoutées. Les autres
modifications ne s'appliquent qu'à la version anglaise.]3.3.2
sujet
thème qui est traité ou abordé dans une discussion, une étude, une rédaction, une peinture, etc.
Note 1 à l'article: Un sujet peut concerner deux domaines ou plus.Note 2 à l'article: Si un sujet est subdivisé, le résultat est de nouveau un sujet bien que d'un niveau supérieur de détail.
[SOURCE: Cette source n'existe que dans la langue anglaise.]3.4 Représentation des concepts
3.4.1 Désignations
3.4.1.1 Termes, symboles et appellations
3.4.1.1.1
désignation
représentation d'un concept (3.2.1) par un signe qui le dénomme
Note 1 à l'article: Dans le travail terminologique, on distingue trois types de désignation: les termes, les symboles et les
appellations.Note 2 à l'article: Les désignations peuvent être verbales ou non verbales ou une combinaison de ces représentations.
[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.1, modifié — La Note 2 à l'article a été ajoutée. Les autres modifications ne
s'appliquent qu'à la langue anglaise.]4 © ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
3.4.1.1.2
terme
désignation (3.4.1.1.1) verbale d'un concept général (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.3) dans un domaine (3.3.1) ou
sujet (3.3.2) spécifiqueNote 1 à l'article: Les termes peuvent être constitués de lettres et de symboles littéraux, de chiffres, de symboles
mathématiques, de signes typographiques et syntaxiques (par exemple signes de ponctuation, traits d'union, parenthèses,
crochets et autres connecteurs ou séparateurs) parfois dans des styles de caractère (c'est-à-dire les caractéristiques de
police de caractère telles que gras, italique, gras italique ou autres conventions stylistiques) régis par des conventions
spécifiques au domaine, au sujet ou à la langue.Note 2 à l'article: Un terme peut avoir des variantes, par exemple des orthographes différentes.
Note 3 à l'article: Les termes peuvent être très complexes et comporter deux ou plus de deux radicaux ou mots.
Note 4 à l'article: Plusieurs termes dans une langue donnée représentant le même concept sont des termes synonymes
(des synonymes). Les termes dans différentes langues représentant le même concept sont des termes équivalents (des
équivalents).[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.3, modifié — Pour des raisons de cohérence dans la présente partie de
l'ISO 10241, «domaine» a été remplacé dans la définition par «domaine ou sujet», et la note
d'accompagnement (tout en conservant son contenu) a été divisée en trois notes fournissant des informations
supplémentaires. La Note 4 à l'article a été ajoutée.]3.4.1.1.3
symbole
désignation (3.4.1.1.1) comprenant des symboles littéraux, des symboles graphiques ou autres types de
symboleNote 1 à l'article: Les symboles peuvent avoir des variantes (voir l'exemple en 3.4.1.1.5).
Note 2 à l'article: Les symboles peuvent avoir un statut normatif tel que privilégié, toléré ou déconseillé.
Note 3 à l'article: Si deux symboles ou plus représentent le même concept, l'ajout d'attributs d'usage à ces symboles
peut se révéler utile.3.4.1.1.4
symbole littéral
symbole (3.4.1.1.3) constitué d'un ou plusieurs caractères, utilisé pour réaliser des fonctions de
communication spéciales dans une communauté d'expertise du domaine[15]
EXEMPLE Les symboles internationaux de grandeurs et d'unités sont spécifiés dans l'ISO 80000 , la
[16] [14]CEI 80000 et la CEI 60027 .
Note 1 à l'article: Il existe des symboles littéraux, tels que certains symboles internationaux de grandeurs et d'unités,
qui s'apparentent à une forme abrégée du nom correspondant de la grandeur ou de l'unité, mais qui ont des fonctions de
communication supplémentaires. Il existe des symboles littéraux complexes comprenant également des chiffres, des
symboles mathématiques, des signes typographiques et syntaxiques (par exemple signes de ponctuation, traits d'union,
parenthèses, crochets et autres connecteurs ou séparateurs), dont les styles de caractère (c'est-à-dire les caractéristiques
de police de caractère telles que gras, italique, gras italique ou autres conventions stylistiques) sont régis par des
conventions spécifiques au domaine, au sujet ou à la langue.Note 2 à l'article: Les symboles littéraux peuvent être classés dans des index selon des règles linguistiques (élargies si
nécessaire) au contraire des symboles graphiques qui ne peuvent pas l'être.3.4.1.1.5
symbole graphique
figure perceptible visuellement avec une signification particulière, utilisée pour transmettre des informations
indépendamment de la langueEXEMPLE Symbole graphique «recyclable» avec deux variantes: .
© ISO 2011 – Tous droits réservés 5
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ISO 10241-1:2011(F)
Note 1 à l'article: Les symboles graphiques s'inscrivent dans une gamme allant des signes figuratifs conventionnels
(sans aucune relation avec le concept auquel ils sont attribués), en passant par des illustrations plus ou moins abstraites
des objets auxquels elles font référence (par exemple symboles publics ou de sécurité, icônes telles que celles utilisées
dans les technologies de l'information) jusqu'aux représentations très concrètes de l'objet auquel elles font référence.
Note 2 à l'article: Les symboles graphiques peuvent comprendre des données linguistiques comprises ou non
comprises dans l'élément graphique (tels que dans certains panneaux de signalisation routière).
[SOURCE: ISO 7001:2007, 3.1, modifié — Les Notes à l'article terminologique ont été ajoutées.]
3.4.1.1.6appellation
nom
désignation (3.4.1.1.1) verbale d'un concept unique (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.2)
EXEMPLE 1 Le symbole littéral «pi» (π) correspondant au rapport entre la circonférence d'un cercle et son diamètre.
EXEMPLE 2 «sievert», l'unité dérivée SI, est un synonyme de «équivalent de dose» (ISO 80000-10:2009, 10-86.a).
Note 1 à l'article: Les appellations peuvent également faire partie d'un terme, comme c'est le cas dans «nombre de
Reynolds critique».[SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.4.
...
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