ISO 1213-2:2024
(Main)Coal and coke — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
Coal and coke — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
This document defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of coal (3.39) and coke (3.42). Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated).
Charbon et coke — Vocabulaire — Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 1213-2
Third edition
Coal and coke — Vocabulary —
2024-08
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing
and analysis
Charbon et coke — Vocabulaire —
Partie 2: Termes relatifs à l'échantillonnage, l'essai et l'analyse
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
Bibliography .27
Index .28
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Coal and coke, Subcommittee SC 1, Coal
preparation: Terminology and performance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1213-2:2016), of which it constitutes a minor
revision. The changes are as follows:
— the title has been updated to specify coal and coke;
— solid mineral fuels have been replaced by either coal and coke or, in some cases, just coal or just coke.
A list of all parts in the ISO 1213 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 1213-2:2024(en)
Coal and coke — Vocabulary —
Part 2:
Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis
1 Scope
This document defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of coal (3.39) and
coke (3.42).
Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, the use of the alternative name is deprecated
(as indicated).
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abrasion
loss of material from particle surfaces of a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) sample, or from other surfaces in contact
with the particles, caused by friction between contacting surfaces
3.2
abrasion index
total mass lost by the abrasion (3.1) of four carbon steel blades when rotated in a specified mass of coal
(3.39) under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Expressed in milligrams of metal lost per kilogram of a coal and coke sample.
3.3
abrasion value
resistance to abrasion (3.1) of the coke (3.42) after reaction with carbon dioxide in the CRI (3.43) test,
measured as the mass fraction expressed as a percentage of a sample passing through a 0,5 mm sieve after
tumbling under conditions specified
3.4
adiabatic calorimeter
calorimeter that adjusts its jacket temperature constantly to be identical to bomb temperature, thereby
preventing heat losses
Note 1 to entry: The inner calorimeter chamber and the jacket exchange no energy because the water temperature in
both is identical during the test. The water in the external jacket is heated or cooled to match the temperature change
in the calorimeter proper.
3.5
accuracy
closeness of agreement between an observation and the "true" value
Note 1 to entry: The accuracy of a result should not be confused with its precision. A result may be precise but it is only
accurate when it is free of bias (3.18).
3.6
adventitious ash
DEPRECATED: extraneous ash
ash arising from mineral matter (3.136) associated with, but not inherent in a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) sample
3.7
air-dried basis
means of expressing an analytical result based on the condition in which a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) sample
is in equilibrium with atmospheric humidity
3.8
air-drying
process of bringing the mass fraction of the sample near to equilibrium with the atmosphere, in the area in
which further reduction of the sample are to take place
Note 1 to entry: The coal or coke sample in this state is composed of absorbed moisture, mineral matter and organic matter.
3.9
anthracite
coal (3.39) of high rank (3.174), with a low volatile matter (3.239) content and a semi-metallic lustre, and
which does not soften or swell when heated
3.10
apparent relative density
ratio of the mass of a coal (3.39) (lump sample) to the mass of an equal volume of water (at the same
temperature), inclusive of any voids within the fuel subjected to the test
Note 1 to entry: The apparent relative density should not be confused with the bulk density (3.25).
3.11
ash
residue obtained by incineration of a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) sample under specified conditions
3.12
ash analysis
analysis of ash (3.11) for its elemental composition
Note 1 to entry: The elements usually determined are silicon, aluminium, iron, magnesium, manganese, titanium,
calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur, and these are usually expressed as oxides.
3.13
ash fusibility
characteristic physical state of the ash (3.11) obtained by heating under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing atmosphere (3.61) or reducing atmosphere (3.176)
conditions.
Note 2 to entry: See also deformation temperature (3.58), sphere temperature (3.215), hemisphere temperature (3.98)
and flow temperature (3.75).
3.14
ash viscosity
measure of the resistance to flow of ash (3.11) in the fused state
3.15
as received basis
as sampled basis
means of expressing an analytical result based on the condition where total moisture (3.232) is included
3.16
base/acid ratio
ratio of the mass of basic oxides (iron(III) oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, disodium oxide and
dipotassium oxide) to the mass of acidic oxides (silica, aluminium oxide and titanium (IV) oxide) in ash (3.11)
Note 1 to entry: This ratio can be used in the determination of the fouling factor (3.81) and the slagging factor.
3.17
batch
quantity of coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) produced at one time under relatively uniform conditions
3.18
bias
systematic error (3.68) which leads to the average value of a series of results being persistently higher or
persistently lower than those obtained using a reference sampling method
Note 1 to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error. There may be one or more systematic
error components contributing to the bias. A larger systematic difference from the accepted reference value is
reflected by a larger bias value.
3.19
bias of scale
bias (3.18) that is constant and independent of the range of values measured
3.20
bituminous coal
general descriptive term for coal (3.39) of rank (3.174) between anthracite (3.9) and brown coal and lignite (3.24)
Note 1 to entry: The vitrinites in all coals in the bituminous range melt and form a coke when the coal is heated above
400 °C in the absence of air.
Note 2 to entry: In some countries, coals of rank immediately below that of bituminous coal are referred to as sub-
bituminous coals.
3.21
blast furnace coke
strong, large coke (3.116) for use in blast furnaces
Note 1 to entry: Blast furnace coke is generally produced from blends of bituminous coals (3.20), which may incorporate
additives.
Note 2 to entry: Blast furnace coke usually has a low reactivity to carbon dioxide.
3.22
breakage
particle size reduction (3.155) resulting from impact and/or compression
3.23
breeze
undersize after separating the smallest size of graded coke (3.91)
Note 1 to entry: Breeze is usually less than 10 mm in size.
3.24
brown coal and lignite
coals (3.39) of low rank (3.174) characterized by high inherent moisture, high volatile matter (3.239) and low
calorific value
Note 1 to entry: In some countries, the terms are used to describe all low-rank coals up to bituminous coals (3.20). In
other countries, the coals at the higher end of the range are referred to as sub-bituminous coals.
3.25
bulk density
mass of a portion of a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42) sample divided by the volume of the container which is filled
by that portion under specified conditions
Note 1 to entry: Bulk density values can have range and may depend on previous handling, time and weather. The
values on stockpiles can also vary from loose free fall situations to compacted filled by that portion under specified
conditions.
3.26
bulk sample
sample of large mass, taken in a particular operation for a specific reason such as for float sink analysis (3.78)
3.27
caking of coal
property of coal (3.39) when heating without access of air to a plastic condition with formation of the
connected non-volatile residue
3.28
caking index
measure of the caking power of a coal in terms of the mechanical strength (3.132) of the coke (3.42) obtained
by carbonization, under specified conditions, of an intimate mixture of the coal (3.39) and standard
anthracite (3.9)
3.29
calorific value gross at constant volume
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in joules, for unit mass of a coal (3.39) or coke (3.42)
sample burned in oxygen in a calorimetric bomb under the conditions specified
Note 1 to entry: The products of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and
sulfur dioxide, of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under the conditions of
the bomb reaction, and of solid ash, all at the reference temperature.
Note 2 to entry: Equipment such as Adiabatic and or Isothermal bomb calorimeters are used to determine this result.
3.30
calorific value net at constant volume
absolute value of the specific energy of combustion, in joules, for unit mass of the coal (3.39) or coke (3.42)
sample burned in oxygen under conditions of constant volume and such that all the water of the reaction
remains as water vapour (in a hypothetical state at 0,1 Mpa), the other products being as for the gross
calorific value all at the reference temperature
Note 1 to entry: The net calorific value at constant volume is the negative value of the net specific energy of combustion.
3.31
calorific value net at constant pressure
absolute value of the specific heat (enthalpy) of combustion in joules, for unit mass of the coal (3.39) or coke
(3.42) sample burned in oxygen at constant pressure under such conditions that all the water of the reaction
products remains as water vap
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.