ISO/TR 27929:2024

Transportation of CO2 by ship

This document provides insights into the essential aspects of CO2 shipping and provides basic descriptions of how the CO2 carrier and technology therein is technically integrated with the CCS value chain. It also includes a description of specific challenges of transporting CO2 as cargo, how this differs from other gases transported by ships today, and how this influences the ship design and operation. Finally, this document introduces how CO2 ships are regulated within the existing international maritime regulatory framework. This document's main focus is on the technical aspects of CO2 shipping. Commercial, liability and financial aspects are intentionally kept out of this document. However, general reference to commercial impact is made where relevant. This document focuses on the ship transportation of CO2 between loading and offloading facilities where the system boundaries are at the ship manifold equipment that connects the ship to the other components in the value chain. In the document, the basis for the description of ship operation is transportation between two shore-based terminals. A high-level description of other relevant interfaces is given on a conceptual level as this has impact on the ship design. However, any further description of potential solutions upstream and downstream from the CO2 carrier is outside the scope. This document also gives a high-level description of the physical properties of CO2 streams at the conditions relevant for shipping and how relevant impurities can impact the ship and ship operation.

Transport de CO2 par bateau

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Oct-2024
• ICS: 03.220.40 - Transport by water
• ICS: 13.020.99 - Other standards related to environmental protection
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 265 - Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 265 - Carbon dioxide capture, transportation, and geological storage
• Current Stage: 9092 - International Standard to be revised
• Due Date: 31-Mar-2025
• Completion Date: 31-Mar-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical
Report
ISO/TR 27929
First edition
Transportation of CO by ship
2024-10
Transport de CO par bateau
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviations . 3
5 Re gulatory regime for maritime and inland waterways for CO transportation . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Maritime governance .4
5.3 Technical safety regime for maritime transportation of liquid CO .5
5.4 Greenhouse gas emissions .6
5.5 Trading and cross-border transportation .6
6 Ship transport of CO . . 7
6.1 General .7
6.2 CO cargo transport conditions .7
6.2.1 General .7
6.2.2 Low pressure .8
6.2.3 Medium pressure .8
6.2.4 Elevated pressure .8
6.2.5 Density effects .9
6.2.6 Solid state CO (dry ice) .9
6.3 Cargo tank design .9
6.3.1 Cargo tank design considerations.9
6.3.2 Tank material .10
6.3.3 Novel materials .10
6.3.4 Design pressure .11
6.3.5 Insulation .11
6.4 CCS ship transport concepts.11
6.4.1 General .11
6.4.2 Ship terminal to terminal . 12
6.4.3 Barge terminal to terminal (inland waterways) . 12
6.4.4 Offshore floating storage and injection unit (FSIU) . 12
6.4.5 Offshore injection unit . 12
6.4.6 Offshore direct injection . 13
6.5 Multi Gas and dedicated carriers . 13
6.5.1 General . 13
6.5.2 Existing ship conversion . 13
6.6 Ship design . 13
7 Properties of CO , CO streams and mixing of CO streams influencing the ship
2 2 2
transportation .13
7.1 Thermodynamic properties of CO and CO composition . 13
2 2
7.2 CO impurities and trace components . 15
7.2.1 Common impurities . 15
7.3 Flexibility and mixing of CO streams from different sources .16
8 Ship operation . 17
8.1 Ship and terminal modes of operation .17
8.2 Compatibility and interface .17
8.3 Cargo operations . .18
8.3.1 Responsibilities .18
8.3.2 Manifold operations .18
8.3.3 Loading operations .18
8.3.4 Offloading operations .19

iii
8.4 Cargo management .19
8.4.1 General .19
8.4.2 Cargo tank preparation .19
8.4.3 Cargo voyage management .19
8.4.4 Cargo losses . 20
9 Technical gaps and development.20
9.1 Applicability and precision of existing requirements . 20
9.2 Identification of additional relevant requirements such as practices onshore . 20
9.3 Qualification and process for new technology .21
9.4 Gaps and need for development .21
10 Safety and risks .21
10.1 Health, safety and environment (HSE) .21
10.1.1 Toxicity and asphyxiation .21
10.1.2 Hazards of liquid CO . 22
10.2 Measures to mitigate risks . 22
10.2.1 Gas detection . 22
10.2.2 Emergency shut down . 22
10.2.3 Emergency release system . 22
10.3 Special risks with liquid CO as ship cargo . 22
10.3.1 Solid formation .
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