ISO/TS 15007-2:2014
(Main)Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information and control systems — Part 2: Equipment and procedures
Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information and control systems — Part 2: Equipment and procedures
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014 gives guidelines on equipment and procedures for analysing driver visual behaviour, intended to enable assessors of transport information and control systems (TICS) to plan evaluation trials; specify (and install) data capture equipment, and; validate, analyse, interpret and report visual-behaviour metrics (standards of measurement). It is applicable to both road trials and simulated driving environments.
Véhicules routiers — Mesurage du comportement visuel du conducteur en relation avec les systèmes de contrôle et d'information sur le transport — Partie 2: Équipement et procédures
Cestna vozila - Merjenje voznikovega vizualnega obnašanja glede na prometne informacije in nadzorne sisteme - 2. del: Oprema in postopki
Ta tehnična specifikacija podaja smernice o opremi in postopkih za analiziranje voznikovega vizualnega obnašanja, namenjenih, da ocenjevalcem prometnih informacij in nadzornih sistemov (TICS) omogočajo:
– načrtovanje preskusov vrednotenja;
– določanje (in namestitev) opreme za zajem podatkov; ter
– validacijo, analizo, interpretacijo in poročanje o meritvah vizualnega obnašanja (standardi meritev).
Uporablja se tako za preskuse na cesti kot simulirana okolja vožnje.
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TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15007-2
Second edition
2014-09-01
Road vehicles — Measurement of
driver visual behaviour with respect
to transport information and control
systems —
Part 2:
Equipment and procedures
Véhicules routiers — Mesurage du comportement visuel du
conducteur en relation avec les systèmes de contrôle et d’information
sur le transport —
Partie 2: Équipement et procédures
Reference number
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Evaluation and trial planning . 1
4.1 Subject selection . 1
4.2 Trial procedures . 1
5 Recording equipment . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Eye-Tracking equipment . 4
5.3 Additional recording equipment . 5
5.4 Installation . 6
6 Data reduction . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Sample interval . 6
6.3 Summary data . 7
7 Data analysis and presentation . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Interpretation of findings from analyses of glance metrics . 9
7.3 Interpretation of multiple glance metrics .10
Annex A (informative) Supporting information for performing and analysing experiments to
determine driver visual behaviour .11
Bibliography .14
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13,
Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles.
This second edition of ISO/TS 15007-2 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 15007-2:2001),
which has been technically revised.
ISO/TS 15007 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Measurement of
driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information and control systems:
— Part 1: Definitions and parameters
— Part 2: Equipment and procedures [Technical Specification]
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Introduction
This Technical Specification supports ISO 15007-1, which defines key terms and parameters for the
assessment of the visual impact on driver visual behaviour of TICS (Traffic Information Control Systems),
and other vehicle tasks or on-board systems.
ISO/TS 15007-2 supports ISO 15007-1 by giving guidance on equipment and procedures that can be used
in a practical TICS evaluation, with recommendations on how to interpret selected metrics (standards
of measurement) of visual behaviour.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour
with respect to transport information and control
systems —
Part 2:
Equipment and procedures
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives guidelines on equipment and procedures for analysing driver visual
behaviour, intended to enable assessors of transport information and control systems (TICS) to
— plan evaluation trials;
— specify (and install) data capture equipment, and;
— validate, analyse, interpret and report visual-behaviour metrics (standards of measurement).
It is applicable to both road trials and simulated driving environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15007-1, Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information
and control systems — Part 1: Definitions and parameters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15007-1 apply.
4 Evaluation and trial planning
4.1 Subject selection
Evaluation trials of TICS applications should use a representative sample from the target population
for the specific TICS. This driver sample should be categorized by age, gender, visual ability (including
colour vision deficiencies, as well as whether and what type of corrective lenses are required to drive)
and driving experience.
4.2 Trial procedures
4.2.1 General
Assessment of driver visual demand can be carried out in relation to many forms of TICS applications
and road environments. Therefore, consideration should be given to the following factors influencing
driver visual behaviour.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
4.2.2 Roadway/traffic specification
An appropriate operational environment for the specific TICS application under evaluation should be
chosen. The type of roadway and likely traffic conditions to be encountered should be defined within
the trial (or study). This may entail defining and documenting the roadway geometry, signals, and
surroundings – as well as describing the driving scenarios that participant will experience (including
speeds of travel, manoeuvres, traffic densities, movement of traffic, and so forth).
4.2.3 Vehicle specification
Experimental apparatus used to represent the driving task should be described as fully as practicable.
EXAMPLE Document the make and model of the road vehicle employed or the driving simulator characteristics
employed (including key parameters of the vehicle dynamics model, whether the simulator has a fixed- or moving-
base, the breadth of its field of view, etc.).
4.2.4 TICS specification
The characteristics of the TICS should be reported.
EXAMPLE Type, position and image quality of a visual display (resolution, contrast, colour-rendition,
reflectivity/glare).
4.2.5 Subject training
Trial objectives will determine the need for subject training in the use of the TICS. Assuming that some
form of training is required, subjects should receive clear and consistent guidance. The tasks and subtasks
associated with the TICS should be fully explained to the subject and the limitations of responsibility
and pacing of these between the driver and experimenter should be specified. Each subject’s familiarity
with the TICS prior to the trial should be reported. When determining the usability of the TICS device,
consideration should be given to the level and assessment of training required.
4.2.6 Data exclusion
Control procedures for individual evaluation trials within an experimental programme should include
guidelines for the conditions under which the trial is to be terminated.
EXAMPLE Trial aborted for failure to complete a task or subtask: document how this is to be recorded or how
the trial is to be re-scheduled.
4.2.7 Experimental conditions, tasks, subtasks, sub-subtasks, and relationship
4.2.7.1 Experimental condition
This is considered to encompass all visual behaviour of the driver during an experimental session.
EXAMPLE The distributions of visual scanning to all specified areas of interest of the visual scene (including
the TICS), from the specified start of a test route to its specified end.
Researchers will need the flexibility to define experimental conditions that are relevant for their research
goals. However, when studies involve examining glance patterns for secondary tasks while driving, the
following experimental conditions may be useful for planning and for performing the research. The
following terms are introduced because they define intervals of time and behaviour that may be of
particular interest when evaluating a TICS – and, hence, in analysing the glance data associated with a
TICS.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
4.2.7.2 Task
refers to a sequence of interactions undertaken to achieve a goal glance behaviour may be measured
over the duration of a task.
EXAMPLE All visual behaviour occurring during the task of entering a destination into a route guidance
system.
4.2.7.3 Subtask
A sequence of interactions undertaken to achieve a sub goal of the task (often one specific interaction).
Glance behaviour may be measured over this (shorter) duration of the subtask.
EXAMPLE When entering a destination into the route guidance system, all visual behaviour associated with
entering the “city name” portion of the destination.
4.2.7.4 Sub-Subtask
Operations or interactions with lower-level subtask elements (e.g. individual controls or screens).
EXAMPLE On the route guidance system, glance behaviour associated with the sub-subtask of “verify the
city name appeared” on destination entry screen.
4.2.7.5 Relationship
The relationship between an experimental condition, a task, a subtask and a lower level subtask element
is graphically represented in Figure 1.
Annotation: Users of this standard may wish to consult references on hierarchical task analysis for
guidance on how to decompose a task (e.g. see Reference [4]).
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Key
1 experimental condition
2 task
3 subtask
4 sub-subtask
Figure 1 — Experimental condition, task and subtask — Relationship
5 Recording equipment
5.1 General
The following gives practical advice on the use of data recording equipment to monitor driver visual
demand.
5.2 Eye-Tracking equipment
In general, there are two different methodologies for recording eye-tracking data:
— Head-mounted eye-tracking systems.
— Remote eye-tracking systems.
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
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ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
5.2.1 Head-mounted eye-tracking systems
With head-mounted eye-tracking systems, the subject wears components of the eye-tracking system
directly on the head. The components necessary for the eye-tracking are mounted on a helmet, a cap
or on a device similar to glasses. Head-mounted eye-trackers may consist of the following components:
— Scene camera: this camera records what the subject can see.
— Eye camera: this camera records at least one eye.
NOTE 1 The eye can be recorded directly or via an infrared (IR) reflective mirror.
NOTE 2 Calibration of eye camera to scene camera is necessary to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the
eye camera coordinate system to the scene camera coordinate system. Thereby the head-mounted eye-tracking
system is able to indicate in the scene camera view where the subject is looking.
— Infrared LED: the infrared LED typically makes the eye visible in the infrared spectrum. Thereby
the system becomes more independent and robust from the surrounding lighting conditions.
5.2.2 Remote eye-tracking systems
With remote eye-tracking systems the glance behaviour is recorded by at least one camera mounted in
some location that can record the driver’s eyes, such as the dashboard.
Remote eye-trackers (and/or image recording systems) may consist of the following components:
— Eye camera: at least one camera is directed to the drivers face to capture where the subject is looking
— Scene camera: the scene camera records the road scene ahead.
NOTE 1 Calibration of eye-camera to scene-camera is necessary to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the
eye-camera coordinate system to the scene-camera coordinate system. Thereby the remote eye-tracking system
is able to indicate in the scene-camera view where the subject is looking.
— Infrared LED: the infrared LED typically makes the eye visible in the infrared spectrum. As a result,
the system becomes more independent and robust from the surrounding lighting conditions.
NOTE 2 Remote systems include conventional methods of capturing glance behaviour on video.
5.2.3 Additional components
The following additional components are typically required:
— Computer unit for storage and control
— Eye-tracking software: the eye-tracking software records, processes and stores the data
5.3 Additional recording equipment
5.3.1 Cameras
Additional cameras should be used for capturing the road scene ahead and in-vehicle activities. These
cameras should be as small and unobtrusive as is practicable. All recorded videos and the recorded eye-
tracking data should be synchronized using a single time code (as well as documentation of degree of
accuracy obtained), preferably the same time code from the eye-tracking equipment. If an experiment
includes acquisition of other types of data such as driving performance data consideration should be
given to applying the same time code or synchronization of eye-tracking, videos and any remaining data.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
5.3.2 Video monitor
A video monitor is needed for examining the quality of the recorded videos. Ideally, such a monitor
should be positioned such that the experimenter is able to observe the recorded data periodically during
an experimental condition.
5.3.3 Microphones
Microphones can be readily interfaced into the video data-capture system and audio recordings can be
made. This option should be considered for capturing any verbal protocols from the experimenter or
subject. Auditory event markers may also be recorded to facilitate cueing during data reduction.
5.3.4 Event markers
After defining experimental conditions, tasks, subtasks and sub-subtasks event markers should be used
to mark these task intervals during the experiment in the recorded data. Clearly marked task intervals
will facilitate data reduction after the experiment.
5.3.5 Head tracker
When using head-mounted eye-tracking systems, they can be supplemented by adding technology for
head-tracking to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the scene camera coordinate system to a car
coordinate system.
5.4 Installation
Although the specific conditions of an experiment will vary, the following general principles should be
applied.
The installed data collection system and employed procedures should not obscure the driver’s view of
the roadway or any in-vehicle equipment, and should not cause the driver any unnecessary distraction.
These criteria also apply to any experimenters who may be present within the test vehicle.
6 Data reduction
6.1 General
Reducing experimental records of visual behaviour into metrics of visual demand requires that several
assumptions be made. Guidance on the suggested steps to be performed in data analysis following a
practical TICS evaluation are given in the following (Quality and artefact issues are given in Annex A).
Data reduction can be done manually or can be partially or fully automated.
6.2 Sample interval
Two regimes may be adopted in the reduction of visual behaviour records:
— reduction of the entire experimental session, for all identified areas of interest of the visual scene;
— reduction of the forward vie
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
01-junij-2018
Cestna vozila - Merjenje voznikovega vizualnega obnašanja glede na prometne
informacije in nadzorne sisteme - 2. del: Oprema in postopki
Road vehicles -- Measurement of driver visual behaviour with respect to transport
information and control systems -- Part 2: Equipment and procedures
Véhicules routiers -- Mesurage du comportement visuel du conducteur en relation avec
les systèmes de contrôle et d'information sur le transport -- Partie 2: Équipement et
procédures
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO/TS 15007-2:2014
ICS:
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
43.040.15 $YWRPRELOVNDLQIRUPDWLND Car informatics. On board
9JUDMHQLUDþXQDOQLãNLVLVWHPL computer systems
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15007-2
Second edition
2014-09-01
Road vehicles — Measurement of
driver visual behaviour with respect
to transport information and control
systems —
Part 2:
Equipment and procedures
Véhicules routiers — Mesurage du comportement visuel du
conducteur en relation avec les systèmes de contrôle et d’information
sur le transport —
Partie 2: Équipement et procédures
Reference number
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Evaluation and trial planning . 1
4.1 Subject selection . 1
4.2 Trial procedures . 1
5 Recording equipment . 4
5.1 General . 4
5.2 Eye-Tracking equipment . 4
5.3 Additional recording equipment . 5
5.4 Installation . 6
6 Data reduction . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Sample interval . 6
6.3 Summary data . 7
7 Data analysis and presentation . 8
7.1 General . 8
7.2 Interpretation of findings from analyses of glance metrics . 9
7.3 Interpretation of multiple glance metrics .10
Annex A (informative) Supporting information for performing and analysing experiments to
determine driver visual behaviour .11
Bibliography .14
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved iii
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 13,
Ergonomics applicable to road vehicles.
This second edition of ISO/TS 15007-2 cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 15007-2:2001),
which has been technically revised.
ISO/TS 15007 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Measurement of
driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information and control systems:
— Part 1: Definitions and parameters
— Part 2: Equipment and procedures [Technical Specification]
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Introduction
This Technical Specification supports ISO 15007-1, which defines key terms and parameters for the
assessment of the visual impact on driver visual behaviour of TICS (Traffic Information Control Systems),
and other vehicle tasks or on-board systems.
ISO/TS 15007-2 supports ISO 15007-1 by giving guidance on equipment and procedures that can be used
in a practical TICS evaluation, with recommendations on how to interpret selected metrics (standards
of measurement) of visual behaviour.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour
with respect to transport information and control
systems —
Part 2:
Equipment and procedures
1 Scope
This Technical Specification gives guidelines on equipment and procedures for analysing driver visual
behaviour, intended to enable assessors of transport information and control systems (TICS) to
— plan evaluation trials;
— specify (and install) data capture equipment, and;
— validate, analyse, interpret and report visual-behaviour metrics (standards of measurement).
It is applicable to both road trials and simulated driving environments.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15007-1, Road vehicles — Measurement of driver visual behaviour with respect to transport information
and control systems — Part 1: Definitions and parameters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15007-1 apply.
4 Evaluation and trial planning
4.1 Subject selection
Evaluation trials of TICS applications should use a representative sample from the target population
for the specific TICS. This driver sample should be categorized by age, gender, visual ability (including
colour vision deficiencies, as well as whether and what type of corrective lenses are required to drive)
and driving experience.
4.2 Trial procedures
4.2.1 General
Assessment of driver visual demand can be carried out in relation to many forms of TICS applications
and road environments. Therefore, consideration should be given to the following factors influencing
driver visual behaviour.
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
4.2.2 Roadway/traffic specification
An appropriate operational environment for the specific TICS application under evaluation should be
chosen. The type of roadway and likely traffic conditions to be encountered should be defined within
the trial (or study). This may entail defining and documenting the roadway geometry, signals, and
surroundings – as well as describing the driving scenarios that participant will experience (including
speeds of travel, manoeuvres, traffic densities, movement of traffic, and so forth).
4.2.3 Vehicle specification
Experimental apparatus used to represent the driving task should be described as fully as practicable.
EXAMPLE Document the make and model of the road vehicle employed or the driving simulator characteristics
employed (including key parameters of the vehicle dynamics model, whether the simulator has a fixed- or moving-
base, the breadth of its field of view, etc.).
4.2.4 TICS specification
The characteristics of the TICS should be reported.
EXAMPLE Type, position and image quality of a visual display (resolution, contrast, colour-rendition,
reflectivity/glare).
4.2.5 Subject training
Trial objectives will determine the need for subject training in the use of the TICS. Assuming that some
form of training is required, subjects should receive clear and consistent guidance. The tasks and subtasks
associated with the TICS should be fully explained to the subject and the limitations of responsibility
and pacing of these between the driver and experimenter should be specified. Each subject’s familiarity
with the TICS prior to the trial should be reported. When determining the usability of the TICS device,
consideration should be given to the level and assessment of training required.
4.2.6 Data exclusion
Control procedures for individual evaluation trials within an experimental programme should include
guidelines for the conditions under which the trial is to be terminated.
EXAMPLE Trial aborted for failure to complete a task or subtask: document how this is to be recorded or how
the trial is to be re-scheduled.
4.2.7 Experimental conditions, tasks, subtasks, sub-subtasks, and relationship
4.2.7.1 Experimental condition
This is considered to encompass all visual behaviour of the driver during an experimental session.
EXAMPLE The distributions of visual scanning to all specified areas of interest of the visual scene (including
the TICS), from the specified start of a test route to its specified end.
Researchers will need the flexibility to define experimental conditions that are relevant for their research
goals. However, when studies involve examining glance patterns for secondary tasks while driving, the
following experimental conditions may be useful for planning and for performing the research. The
following terms are introduced because they define intervals of time and behaviour that may be of
particular interest when evaluating a TICS – and, hence, in analysing the glance data associated with a
TICS.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
4.2.7.2 Task
refers to a sequence of interactions undertaken to achieve a goal glance behaviour may be measured
over the duration of a task.
EXAMPLE All visual behaviour occurring during the task of entering a destination into a route guidance
system.
4.2.7.3 Subtask
A sequence of interactions undertaken to achieve a sub goal of the task (often one specific interaction).
Glance behaviour may be measured over this (shorter) duration of the subtask.
EXAMPLE When entering a destination into the route guidance system, all visual behaviour associated with
entering the “city name” portion of the destination.
4.2.7.4 Sub-Subtask
Operations or interactions with lower-level subtask elements (e.g. individual controls or screens).
EXAMPLE On the route guidance system, glance behaviour associated with the sub-subtask of “verify the
city name appeared” on destination entry screen.
4.2.7.5 Relationship
The relationship between an experimental condition, a task, a subtask and a lower level subtask element
is graphically represented in Figure 1.
Annotation: Users of this standard may wish to consult references on hierarchical task analysis for
guidance on how to decompose a task (e.g. see Reference [4]).
© ISO 2014 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
Key
1 experimental condition
2 task
3 subtask
4 sub-subtask
Figure 1 — Experimental condition, task and subtask — Relationship
5 Recording equipment
5.1 General
The following gives practical advice on the use of data recording equipment to monitor driver visual
demand.
5.2 Eye-Tracking equipment
In general, there are two different methodologies for recording eye-tracking data:
— Head-mounted eye-tracking systems.
— Remote eye-tracking systems.
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST-TS ISO/TS 15007-2:2018
ISO/TS 15007-2:2014(E)
5.2.1 Head-mounted eye-tracking systems
With head-mounted eye-tracking systems, the subject wears components of the eye-tracking system
directly on the head. The components necessary for the eye-tracking are mounted on a helmet, a cap
or on a device similar to glasses. Head-mounted eye-trackers may consist of the following components:
— Scene camera: this camera records what the subject can see.
— Eye camera: this camera records at least one eye.
NOTE 1 The eye can be recorded directly or via an infrared (IR) reflective mirror.
NOTE 2 Calibration of eye camera to scene camera is necessary to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the
eye camera coordinate system to the scene camera coordinate system. Thereby the head-mounted eye-tracking
system is able to indicate in the scene camera view where the subject is looking.
— Infrared LED: the infrared LED typically makes the eye visible in the infrared spectrum. Thereby
the system becomes more independent and robust from the surrounding lighting conditions.
5.2.2 Remote eye-tracking systems
With remote eye-tracking systems the glance behaviour is recorded by at least one camera mounted in
some location that can record the driver’s eyes, such as the dashboard.
Remote eye-trackers (and/or image recording systems) may consist of the following components:
— Eye camera: at least one camera is directed to the drivers face to capture where the subject is looking
— Scene camera: the scene camera records the road scene ahead.
NOTE 1 Calibration of eye-camera to scene-camera is necessary to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the
eye-camera coordinate system to the scene-camera coordinate system. Thereby the remote eye-tracking system
is able to indicate in the scene-camera view where the subject is looking.
— Infrared LED: the infrared LED typically makes the eye visible in the infrared spectrum. As a result,
the system becomes more independent and robust from the surrounding lighting conditions.
NOTE 2 Remote systems include conventional methods of capturing glance behaviour on video.
5.2.3 Additional components
The following additional components are typically required:
— Computer unit for storage and control
— Eye-tracking software: the eye-tracking software records, processes and stores the data
5.3 Additional recording equipment
5.3.1 Cameras
Additional cameras should be used for capturing the road scene ahead and in-vehicle activities. These
cameras should be as small and unobtrusive as is practicable. All recorded videos and the recorded eye-
tracking data should be synchronized using a single time code (as well as documentation of degree of
accuracy obtained), preferably the same time code from the eye-tracking equipment. If an experiment
includes acquisition of other types of data such as driving performance data consideration should be
given to applying the same time code or synchronization of eye-tracking, videos and any remaining data.
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5.3.2 Video monitor
A video monitor is needed for examining the quality of the recorded videos. Ideally, such a monitor
should be positioned such that the experimenter is able to observe the recorded data periodically during
an experimental condition.
5.3.3 Microphones
Microphones can be readily interfaced into the video data-capture system and audio recordings can be
made. This option should be considered for capturing any verbal protocols from the experimenter or
subject. Auditory event markers may also be recorded to facilitate cueing during data reduction.
5.3.4 Event markers
After defining experimental conditions, tasks, subtasks and sub-subtasks event markers should be used
to mark these task intervals during the experiment in the recorded data. Clearly marked task intervals
will facilitate data reduction after the experiment.
5.3.5 Head tracker
When using head-mounted eye-tracking systems, they can be supplemented by adding technology for
head-tracking to transform the x- and y-coordinates from the scene camera coordinate system to a car
coordinate system.
5.4 Installation
Although the specific conditions of an experiment will vary, the following general principles should be
applied.
The installed data collection system and employed procedures should not obscure the driver’s view of
the roadway or any in-vehicle equipment, and should not cause the driver any unnecessary distraction.
These criteria also apply to any experimenters wh
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