ISO/TS 22269:2005
(Main)Reaction to fire tests — Fire growth — Full-scale test for stairs and stair coverings
Reaction to fire tests — Fire growth — Full-scale test for stairs and stair coverings
ISO/TS 22269:2005 describes a full-scale reference scenario procedure for assessing the burning behaviour of stairs or stair coverings, when exposed to a defined ignition source. The risks addressed in this scenario are essentially those of a deliberate rather than an accidental fire. The ignition sources specified include a wood crib to represent a local attack with burning crumpled newspaper and a gas burner to represent a more severe attack when the whole width of the bottom step is attacked. The observations of burning behaviour provide a basis for assessing the fire exposure behaviour of stair coverings installed over different stair substrates. ISO/TS 22269:2005 is applicable to all types of stair coverings that can be installed on stairs or to the stairs themselves. The results obtained from this method reflect the performance of the total stair covering system together with the stair substrate as tested and are not intended to be the sole criterion for assessing the potential fire hazard of the product in use. Modifications to the stair covering, underlay, fixing system, stair substrate or other changes to the system can affect test results. Tests are performed with an enclosed or open-sided staircase. In this test method, there is no closure at the top of the stairs to represent a ceiling on a stairs landing. The top of the stairs assembly is open so that the tests are conducted under well-ventilated conditions.
Essais de réaction au feu — Évolution du feu — Essai en vraie grandeur pour les escaliers et les revêtements d'escaliers
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 22269
First edition
2005-11-01
Reaction to fire tests — Fire growth —
Full-scale test for stairs and stair
coverings
Essais de réaction au feu — Évolution du feu — Essai en vraie
grandeur pour les escaliers et les revêtements d'escaliers
Reference number
ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
©
ISO 2005
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Preparation of test specimen . 3
7 Conditioning of test specimen and stair substrate. 3
8 Ignition source . 4
9 Initial conditions . 4
10 Test procedure . 4
11 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Ignition sources . 12
Bibliography . 15
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of normative document:
— an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical experts in
an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 % of the members
of the parent committee casting a vote;
— an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a technical
committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the committee casting
a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for a
further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is
confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be transformed into an
International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 22269 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire
initiation and growth.
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
Introduction
This document is being issued in the Technical Specification series of publications (according to the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, 3.1.1) as a “prospective standard for provisional application” because the current
experience of full-scale fire testing of stairs is limited to laboratories in four countries. Further development of
the procedures used is possible and some additional inter-laboratory studies will be encouraged so that the
precision of this potential International Standard may be determined.
This document is not to be regarded as an “International Standard”. It is proposed for provisional application
so that information and experience of its use in practice may be gathered. Comments on the content of this
document should be sent to the ISO/TC 92/SC 1 Secretary.
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
Reaction to fire tests — Fire growth — Full-scale test for stairs
and stair coverings
WARNING — So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all
concerned in fire tests is drawn to the possibility that toxic or harmful gases can be evolved during
combustion of test specimens.
The test procedures involve high temperatures and combustion processes from ignition to a fully
developed room fire. Therefore, hazards can exist for burns, ignition of extraneous objects or clothing.
The operators should use protective clothing, helmet, face-shield and equipment for avoiding
exposure to toxic gases.
Means for extinguishing a fully developed fire should be available.
1 Scope
This test method describes a full-scale reference scenario procedure for assessing the burning behaviour of
stairs or stair coverings, when exposed to a defined ignition source. The risks addressed in this scenario are
essentially those of a deliberate rather than an accidental fire. The ignition sources specified include a wood
crib to represent a local attack with burning crumpled newspaper and a gas burner to represent a more severe
attack when the whole width of the bottom step is attacked.
The observations of burning behaviour provide a basis for assessing the fire exposure behaviour of stair
coverings installed over different stair substrates.
This method is applicable to all types of stair coverings that can be installed on stairs or to the stairs
themselves. The results obtained from this method reflect the performance of the total stair covering system
together with the stair substrate, as tested, and are not intended to be the sole criterion for assessing the
potential fire hazard of the product in use. Modifications to the stair covering, underlay, fixing system, stair
substrate or other changes to the system can affect test results.
Tests are performed with an enclosed or open-sided staircase. In this test method, there is no closure at the
top of the stairs to represent a ceiling on a stairs landing. The top of the stairs assembly is open so that the
tests are conducted under well-ventilated conditions.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing — Specifications
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
ISO/TR 14697, Fire tests — Guidance on the choice of substrates for building products
ISO 13785-1, Reaction-to-fire tests for facades — Part 1: Intermediate-scale test
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 apply, together with the
following:
3.1
landing
level part of a staircase between flights of steps or at the top
3.2
nosing
projecting rounded edge of the step of a stair
3.3
riser
upright part of a step
3.4
stair
series of steps
NOTE The term is usually applied in plural to signify a flight from landing to landing.
3.5
staircase
structure enclosing a stair
3.6
stairfoot
level place at the foot of stairs
3.7
stairhead
level place at the top of stairs
3.8
step
one tread of a stair
3.9
stringboard
board covering the ends of the steps
3.10
tread
horizontal part of a step which is trodden on
4 Principle
4.1 A stair covering system is installed onto full-scale stairs constructed from products representative of end
use and is exposed to a defined ignition source, such as a wood crib or propane burner (see Annex A).
4.2 Following ignition, any flame front that develops on the stairs is noted and a record made of the
progression of the flame front horizontally or vertically across the risers and treads. The results are expressed
in terms of time of the flame front to reach various positions on the stairs.
4.3 When the stairs are installed underneath an appropriate calorimeter hood/duct system, measurements
on fire effluents, such as heat, smoke and combustion gases, can also be made.
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ISO/TS 22269:2005(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Details of the apparatus are shown in Figures 1 to 6. Lengths of steel angle are fixed to square section
steel uprights so as to support the treads and risers. The dimensions of the supporting framework are shown
in Figures 4 and 5.
5.2 A suggested method of fixing the treads, risers and stringboards to the apparatus is shown in Figure 6.
The actual fixings used will be dependent on the substrate, but where possible, the treads and risers shall be
attached to the steel framework with screws from the underside. If the treads are suitable, the stringboards
can be held in place with screws passing through the stringboard into the ends of the treads.
5.3 Two rectangular frames, constructed from (40 ± 1) mm × (40 ± 1) mm × (5 ± 0,1) mm steel angle, are
used to support the material simulating the sidewalls. These are positioned on plates protruding from the
angle at the base of the apparatus, such that the flat face of the angle frame is against the side of the stair.
The panels simulating the staircase walls shall be fixed within the frames, and the frames shall be attached
against the sides of the assembled stair. This can be done by either directly fixing to the ends of the lower and
upper treads, to the stringers, or by a clamp to the steel upright at the rear of the apparatus.
5.4 The panels forming the sidewalls shall be plasterboard according to ISO/TR 14697. The test is not
intended to determine the effect of combustible wall finishes on the flame propagation over the stairs. If, in the
intended end use, the material used in the walls or wall coverings is expected to contribute to the flame
spread up the stairs, a similar material can be used to form the sidewalls of the apparatus.
5.5 An appropriate anemometer shall be used to check the airflow up the stairs. It shall be positioned
50 mm above riser 0 (see Figure 1).
6 Preparation of test specimen
6.1 The specimen shall be representative of the stair or stair covering system and shall simulate actual
installation practice, especially fixing methods and end-use stair substrate.
6.2 The stair covering shall be cut to the width of the stair, measured between the stringboards or to the
sidewalls if stringboards are not used. The stair covering shall also be of a length sufficient to fully cover the
13 steps of the full-scale stairs.
...
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