SIST EN IEC 62232:2025

Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure

IEC 62232:2025 provides methods for the determination of RF field strength, power density and specific absorption rate (SAR) in the vicinity of base stations (BS) for the purpose of evaluating human exposure.
This document:
a) considers intentionally radiating BS which transmit on one or more antennas using one or more frequencies in the range 110 MHz to 300 GHz;
b) considers the impact of ambient sources on RF exposure at least in the 100 kHz to 300 GHz frequency range;
c) specifies the methods to be used for RF exposure evaluation for compliance assessment applications, namely:
1) product compliance – determination of compliance boundary information for a BS product before it is placed on the market;
2) product installation compliance – determination of the total RF exposure levels in accessible areas from a BS product and other relevant sources before the product is put into operation;
3) in-situ RF exposure assessment – measurement of in-situ RF exposure levels in the vicinity of a BS installation after the product has been taken into operation;
d) specifies how to perform RF exposure assessment based on the actual maximum approach;
e) describes several RF field strength, power density, and SAR measurement and computation methodologies with guidance on their applicability to address both the in-situ evaluation of installed BS and laboratory-based evaluations;
f) describes how surveyors establish their specific evaluation procedures appropriate for their evaluation purpose;
g) provides guidance on how to report, interpret and compare results from different evaluation methodologies and, where the evaluation purpose requires it, determine a justified decision against a limit value;
h) provides methods for the RF exposure assessment of BS using time-varying beam-steering technologies such as new radio (NR) BS using massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO).
NOTE 1 Practical implementation case studies are provided as examples in the companion Technical Report IEC TR 62669 [5].
NOTE 2 Although the current BS product types have been specified to operate up to 200 GHz (see, for example, [6] and [7]), the upper frequency of 300 GHz is consistent with applicable exposure limits.
NOTE 3 The lower frequency considered for ambient sources, 100 kHz, is derived from ICNIRP-1998 [2] and ICNIRP-2020 [1]. However, some applicable exposure guidelines require ambient fields to be evaluated as low as 3 kHz, e.g. Safety Code 6 [4] and IEEE Std C95.1-2019 [3].
NOTE 4 Specification of appropriate RF exposure mitigation measures such as signage, access control, and training are beyond the scope of this document. It is possible to refer to the applicable regulations or recommended practices on these topics.
NOTE 5 While this document is based on the current international consensus about the best engineering practice for assessing the compliance of RF exposure with the applicable exposure limits, it is possible that national regulatory agencies specify different requirements. The entity conducting an RF exposure assessment needs to be aware of the applicable regulations.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2022. It includes corrections of obvious errors and text improvements on the third edition in order to bring more clarity in the description of the assessment methods and avoid misinterpretations. This edition has the same technical content as the third edition.

Bestimmung der HF-Feldstärke, der Leistungsdichte und der spezifischen Absorptionsrate (SAR) in der Nachbarschaft von Funkkommunikations-Basisstationen zur Ermittlung der menschlichen Exposition

Détermination de l'intensité du champ de radiofréquences, de la densité de puissance et du das à proximité des stations de base dans le but d'évaluer l'exposition humaine

IEC 62232:2025 donne des méthodes de détermination de l'intensité de champ RF, de la densité de puissance et du débit d'absorption spécifique (DAS) à proximité des stations de base (BS) dans le but d'évaluer l'exposition humaine.
Le présent document:
a) examine des BS rayonnant intentionnellement qui émettent sur une ou plusieurs antennes dans la plage de fréquences de 110 MHz à 300 GHz;
b) étudie l'impact des sources ambiantes d'exposition RF au moins dans la plage de fréquences de 100 kHz à 300 GHz;
c) spécifie les méthodes d'évaluation de l'exposition RF à utiliser pour les applications d'appréciation de la conformité, à savoir:
1) conformité du produit: détermination des informations sur la frontière de conformité d'un produit BS avant sa commercialisation;
2) conformité de l'installation du produit: détermination des niveaux d'exposition RF totaux dans les zones accessibles depuis un produit BS et les autres sources pertinentes avant la mise en service du produit;
3) appréciation de l'exposition RF sur site: mesurage des niveaux d'exposition RF sur site à proximité d'une installation BS après la mise en service du produit;
d) spécifie la manière de procéder à l'appréciation de l'exposition RF en s'appuyant sur l'approche fondée sur la réelle maximale;
e) décrit plusieurs méthodologies de mesure et de calcul de l'intensité de champ RF, de la densité de puissance et du DAS avec des recommandations relatives à leur applicabilité pour couvrir tant l'évaluation sur site des BS installées que les évaluations en laboratoire;
f) décrit la manière dont les vérificateurs établissent leurs propres procédures d'évaluation, en fonction de leurs objectifs d'évaluation;
g) fournit des recommandations quant à la manière de rendre compte, d'interpréter et de comparer les résultats obtenus à partir de différentes méthodologies d'évaluation et, lorsque l'objectif de l'évaluation l'exige, prendre une décision justifiée en vertu d'une valeur limite donnée;
h) fournit les méthodes d'appréciation de l'exposition RF de la BS à l'aide de technologies à orientation de faisceau variable dans le temps telles que les BS New Radio (NR) qui utilisent la technologie de système massif à entrée multiple et sortie multiple (MIMO, Multiple Input Multiple Output).
NOTE 1 Des exemples d'études de cas de mise en œuvre pratique sont donnés dans le Rapport technique d'accompagnement IEC TR 62669 [5].
NOTE 2 Bien que les produits BS actuels soient conçus pour fonctionner jusqu'à 200 GHz (voir par exemple [6] et [7]), la fréquence supérieure de 300 GHz est cohérente avec les limites d'exposition applicables.
NOTE 3 La fréquence inférieure prise en considération pour les sources ambiantes, 100 kHz, provient de l'ICNIRP 1998 [2] et de l'ICNIRP-2020 [1]. Toutefois, certaines lignes directrices applicables en matière d'exposition exigent d'évaluer les champs ambiants à des valeurs aussi basses que 3 kHz (Code de sécurité 6 [4] et IEEE Std C95.1-2019 [3], par exemple).
NOTE 4 La spécification de mesures appropriées d'atténuation de l'exposition RF, telles que la signalisation, le contrôle d'accès et la formation, ne relève pas du domaine d'application du présent document. Il est possible de consulter les règlements applicables ou les pratiques recommandées sur ces sujets.
NOTE 5 Bien que le présent document repose sur le c

Določitev RF poljske jakosti, gostote moči in SAR v okolici baznih postaj za namene ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti ljudi

General Information

• Status: Published
• Public Enquiry End Date: 13-Mar-2024
• Publication Date: 25-Jun-2025
• ICS: 13.280 - Radiation protection
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• Technical Committee: INIR - Electromagnetic fields in human enviornment
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 18-Jun-2025
• Due Date: 23-Aug-2025
• Completion Date: 26-Jun-2025
• Ref Project: EN IEC 62232:2025 - Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN IEC 62232:2023 - Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2025

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN IEC 62232:2023
Določitev RF poljske jakosti, gostote moči in SAR v okolici baznih postaj za
namene ocenjevanja izpostavljenosti ljudi
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of base stations
for the purpose of evaluating human exposure
Bestimmung der HF-Feldstärke, der Leistungsdichte und der spezifischen
Absorptionsrate (SAR) in der Nachbarschaft von Funkkommunikations-Basisstationen
zur Ermittlung der menschlichen Exposition
Détermination de l'intensité du champ de radiofréquences, de la densité de puissance et
du das à proximité des stations de base dans le but d'évaluer l'exposition humaine
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62232:2025
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62232

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2025
ICS 13.280; 17.240 Supersedes EN IEC 62232:2022
English Version
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the
vicinity of base stations for the purpose of evaluating human
exposure
(IEC 62232:2025)
Détermination de l'intensité du champ de radiofréquences, Bestimmung der HF-Feldstärke, der Leistungsdichte und
de la densité de puissance et du DAS à proximité des der spezifischen Absorptionsrate (SAR) in der
stations de base dans le but d'évaluer l'exposition humaine Nachbarschaft von Funkkommunikations-Basisstationen zur
(IEC 62232:2025) Ermittlung der menschlichen Exposition
(IEC 62232:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2025-06-03. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62232:2025 E
European foreword
The text of document 106/626/CDV, future edition 4 of IEC 62232, prepared by TC 106 "Methods for
the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure" was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 62232:2025.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2026-06-30
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2028-06-30
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN IEC 62232:2022 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62232:2025 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
ISO/IEC 17025 NOTE Approved as EN ISO/IEC 17025
CISPR 16-4-2:2011 NOTE Approved as EN 55016-4-2:2011 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC/IEEE 62209- - Measurement procedure for the EN IEC/IEEE 62209- -
1528 assessment of specific absorption rate of 1528
human exposure to radio frequency fields
from hand-held and body-worn wireless
communication devices - Part 1528:
Human models, instrumentation and
procedures (Frequency range of 4 MHz
to 10 GHz)
IEC 62209-3 - Measurement procedure for the EN IEC 62209-3 -
assessment of specific absorption rate of
human exposure to radio frequency fields
from hand-held and body-mounted
wireless communication devices - Part 3:
Vector measurement-based systems
(Frequency range of 600 MHz to 6 GHz)
IEC 62311 - Assessment of electronic and electrical EN IEC 62311 -
equipment related to human exposure
restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0
Hz to 300 GHz)
IEC 62479 - Assessment of the compliance of low- EN 62479 -
power electronic and electrical equipment
with the basic restrictions related to
human exposure to electromagnetic
fields (10 MHz to 300 GHz)
IEC/IEEE 62704-1 - Determining the peak spatial-average - -
specific absorption rate (SAR) in the
human body from wireless
communications devices, 30 MHz to 6
GHz - Part 1: General requirements for
using the finite difference time-domain
(FDTD) method for SAR calculations
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC/IEEE 62704-2 - Determining the peak spatial-average - -
specific absorption rate (SAR) in the
human body from wireless
communications devices, 30 MHz to 6
GHz - Part 2: Specific requirements for
finite difference time domain (FDTD)
modelling of exposure from vehicle
mounted antennas
IEC/IEEE 62704-3 - Determining the peak spatial-average - -
specific absorption rate (SAR) in the
human body from wireless
communications devices, 30 MHz to 6
GHz - Part 3: Specific requirements for
using the finite difference time domain
(FDTD) method for SAR calculations of
mobile phones
IEC/IEEE 62704-4 - Determining the peak spatial-average - -
specific absorption rate (SAR) in the
human body from wireless
communication devices, 30 MHz to 6
GHz - Part 4: General requirements for
using the finite element method for SAR
calculations
IEC/IEEE 63195-1 - Assessment of power density of human EN IEC/IEEE 63195-1 -
exposure to radio frequency fields from
wireless devices in close proximity to the
head and body (frequency range of 6
GHz to 300 GHz) - Part 2: Computational
procedure
IEC/IEEE 63195-2 - Évaluation de la densité de puissance de EN IEC/IEEE 63195-2 -
l'exposition humaine aux champs
radiofréquences provenant de dispositifs
sans fil à proximité immédiate de la tête
et du corps (plage de fréquences de 6
GHz à 300 GHz) - Partie 2: Procédure de
calcul
IEC 62232 ®
Edition 4.0 2025-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Determination of RF field strength, power density and SAR in the vicinity of

base stations for the purpose of evaluating human exposure

Détermination de l'intensité du champ de radiofréquences, de la densité de

puissance et du DAS à proximité des stations de base dans le but d'évaluer

l'exposition humaine
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.280, 17.240 ISBN 978-2-8327-0316-8

– 2 – IEC 62232:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 16
INTRODUCTION . 18
1 Scope . 19
2 Normative references . 20
3 Terms and definitions . 21
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 37
4.1 Physical quantities . 37
4.2 Constants . 37
4.3 Abbreviated terms. 38
5 How to use this document . 41
5.1 Quick start guide . 41
5.2 RF evaluation purpose categories . 43
5.3 Implementation case studies . 43
6 Evaluation processes for product compliance, product installation compliance and
in-situ RF exposure assessments . 43
6.1 Evaluation process for product compliance . 43
6.1.1 General. 43
6.1.2 Establishing compliance boundaries . 44
6.1.3 Iso-surface compliance boundary definition . 44
6.1.4 Simple compliance boundaries . 44
6.1.5 Methods for establishing the compliance boundary . 46
6.1.6 Uncertainty . 50
6.1.7 Reporting for product compliance . 51
6.2 Evaluation process used for product installation compliance . 52
6.2.1 General. 52
6.2.2 General evaluation procedure for product installations . 52
6.2.3 Product installation compliance based on the actual maximum
transmitted power or EIRP . 53
6.2.4 Product installation data collection . 57
6.2.5 Simplified product installation evaluation process . 57
6.2.6 Assessment area selection . 61
6.2.7 Measurements . 62
6.2.8 Computations . 64
6.2.9 Uncertainty . 65
6.2.10 Reporting for product installation compliance . 65
6.3 In-situ RF exposure evaluation or assessment process . 66
6.3.1 General. 66
6.3.2 In-situ measurement process . 66
6.3.3 Site analysis . 67
6.3.4 Case A evaluation . 68
6.3.5 Case B evaluation . 68
6.3.6 Uncertainty . 69
6.3.7 Reporting . 69
6.4 Averaging procedures . 70
6.4.1 Spatial averaging . 70
6.4.2 Time averaging . 70
7 Determining the evaluation method .
...