Aerospace series - Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Part 003: Geo-awareness requirements

Luft- und Raumfahrt - Unbemannte Luftfahrzeugsysteme - Teil 003: Anforderungen an das Geo-Sensibilisierungssystem

Série aérospatiale - Aéronefs télépilotés - Partie 003 : Exigences de géovigilance

Aeronavtika - Letalski sistemi brez posadke - 003. del: Zahteve glede geozavedanja

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Status
Not Published
Public Enquiry End Date
24-Feb-2021
Technical Committee
Current Stage
4020 - Public enquire (PE) (Adopted Project)
Start Date
10-Dec-2020
Due Date
29-Apr-2021
Completion Date
01-Mar-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 4709-003:2021
01-februar-2021
Aeronavtika - Letalski sistemi brez posadke - 003. del: Zahteve glede geozavedanja
Aerospace series - Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Part 003: Geo-awareness
requirements
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Unbemannte Luftfahrzeugsysteme - Teil 003: Anforderungen an
das Geo-Sensibilisierungssystem
Série aérospatiale - Aéronefs télépilotés - Partie 003 : Exigences de géovigilance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 4709-003
ICS:
49.020 Letala in vesoljska vozila na Aircraft and space vehicles in
splošno general
oSIST prEN 4709-003:2021 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 4709-003:2021

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oSIST prEN 4709-003:2021


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 4709-003
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

December 2020
ICS
English Version

Aerospace series - Unmanned Aircraft Systems - Part 003:
Geo-awareness requirements
Série aérospatiale - Aéronefs télépilotés - Partie 003 : Luft- und Raumfahrt - Unbemannte
Exigences de géovigilance Luftfahrzeugsysteme - Teil 003: Anforderungen an das
Geo-Sensibilisierungssystem
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee ASD-
STAN.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 4709-003:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page

European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
1.1 Applicability . 5
1.2 General description of the Geo-awareness function . 5
1.3 Assumptions . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, and abbreviated terms . 6
4 General Design Requirements . 8
4.1 Intended function . 8
4.2 Effects of tests . 9
4.3 Functional interfaces . 9
4.4 Reliability, availability, and integrity . 9
4.5 Maintainability . 9
4.6 Software and hardware management design . 9
5 Requirements for the Geo-awareness function . 9
5.1 Alerting on imminent Breach of Restriction . 9
5.2 Time/Threshold to Alert . 10
5.3 Loading . 10
5.4 Update . 11
5.5 Operating status . 11
5.6 Activation status . 11
5.7 Vertical limits . 11
6 Geofencing option . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Geofencing manoeuvre . 12
6.3 Time/Threshold to react . 12
6.4 Operating Status . 12
6.5 Activation status . 12
7 Verification requirements . 13
7.1 General Tests conditions . 13
7.2 Alerting and limiting on imminent Breach of Restriction . 13
7.3 Verification of the Loading . 19
7.4 Verification of update . 22
7.5 Verification of the alert on Geo-awareness Operating status . 22
7.6 Geofencing option . 23
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for setting margins and thresholds . 24
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this document and the Regulation (EU)
th
2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on unmanned aircraft systems and on third-country
operators of unmanned aircraft systems . 28
Bibliography . 29

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European foreword
This document (prEN 4709-003:2020) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries
Association of Europe — Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this document has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
ASD-STAN, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the ASD-STAN National Domain Ballot in parallel to the CEN
Enquiry.
This document was originally reviewed by the Domain Technical Coordinator of ASD-STAN's
Autonomous flying Domain.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
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Introduction
The Commission Delegated Regulation (EU)2019/945 was published in March 2019. It applies on
unmanned aircraft intended for use in the ‘open’ category, and on third-country operators of unmanned
aircraft systems.
This document gives all Economic Operators (such as manufacturers, importers and distributors and
their trade associations as well as bodies involved in the conformity assessment procedures) a viable way
to prove compliance with the requirements laid out in the Delegated Act on unmanned aircraft.
Many organizations are involved in developing a range of general technical standards for electrical safety,
EMC, environmental and a range of other standards to be applied to specific applications. For UAS the
picture is complex but an acceptable means of compliance can be completed with existing technical
standards and the use of electrical components that are intended to be incorporated into equipment and
for which a risk assessment can be undertaken.
Based on its risk assessment, it is the manufacturer’s responsibility to determine if the risk is acceptable.
The acceptable level of a product’s risk is determined in compliance with the safety objectives defined in
the Delegated Act on unmanned aircraft.
The end user of this document assumes all responsibility for the safe application of the test methods.
All relevant safety/quality procedures should be considered. Special consideration should be made when
operating the UAS for evaluations. All local, state, federal, and country laws should be considered when
operating UAS.
No patent applies to the requirement defined in this document.
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1 Scope
1.1 Applicability
This document provides means of compliance of the function “Geo-awareness” specified in Parts 2 to 4 of
the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/945 of 12 March 2019 on unmanned aircraft intended
for use in the “open” category, and on third-country operators of unmanned aircraft systems and its
annex.
The Geo-awareness is specified in Part 2 – articles (13) and (14) for Class 1 UASs, in Part 3 – articles (15)
and (16) for Class 2 UASs and in Part 4 – articles (10) and (11) for Class 3 UASs.
This document specifies the minimum performance expected from this Geo-awareness function, without
prescribing its design and implementation as far as possible.
Compliance with this document is recommended as one means of assuring that the Function will perform
its intended sub-functions satisfactorily under all conditions normally encountered in routine
aeronautical operation.
NOTE In the rest of the document, we will use “Function” to mean the object of this specification, and
equipment to identify the entity implementing this Function in whatever form.
1.2 General description of the Geo-awareness function
Geo-awareness means a function that, based on the UAS Geographical data provided by Member States
(as specified in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947-article 15), detects a potential
breach of airspace limitations and alerts the remote pilots so that they can take effective immediate and
action to prevent that breach.
The Geo-awareness function manages only the following conditions:
— Horizontal and vertical boundaries of UGZ;
— Time applicability of the UGZ;
— Optional: notification or authorization required by UGZ.
Other conditions defined in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947-article 15-1 are
not expressed yet by Member States and will not be treated in this version of the document.
Optionally a function of automatic alteration of the trajectory can complete the function Geo-awareness
by preventing the UA to penetrate a restricted zone (UAS geographical zone) by engaging an adequate
manoeuvre without any pilot action. The overall function is called “Geofencing”.
The function can be realized as a set of hardware and/or software components inside the UAS, in the
remote pilot station and/or on board the UA itself, which are fed by data about the applicable UAS
geographical zones for the requested zone of operation, provided by a ground service called in our
document “UAS geographical zone data service”.
The document is structured as follows:
— Clauses 1 to 3 of this document provide information required to understand the need for the Function
characteristics and tests defined in the remaining clauses. It describes typical Function applications
and operational objectives and is the basis for the performance criteria stated in Clause 4 to Clause 5
Definitions essential to proper understanding of this document are provided in Clause 3.
— Clause 4 contains general design requirements.
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— Clause 5 contains the requirements for the Geo-awareness function, defining performance under
standard operating conditions.
— Clause 6 contains the requirements for the Automatic Geofencing function, defining performance
under standard operating conditions.
— Clause 7 describes recommended test procedures for demonstrating compliance with Clause 5 and
Clause 6.
Operational performance standards for functions or components that refer to equipment capabilities that
exceed the stated minimum requirements are identified as optional features. Performance requirements
and associated test procedures should be developed for these optional features.
1.3 Assumptions
It is assumed that the UAS is operated in compliance with the requirements defined in the Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947– Annex Part A, especially UAS.OPEN.050 (5) and
UAS.OPEN.060 (1)(b) concerning the use of up-to-date UGZ data before flight.
It is assumed that the UA is operated in compliance with the conditions defined in the Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947– article 4 (condition for Open category of UAS operations).
It is assumed that the update of UAS geographical zones is not required during the flight.
It is assumed that the quality of the UGZ data provided and received by the UAS are verified for validity
against the required data model.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 4709-001:2019, Aerospace series — Unmanned Aircraft systems — Part 1: Product requirements
1)
and verification
3 Terms, definitions, symbols, and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
Acceptable Means of Compliance
AMC
non-binding standards adopted by EASA to illustrate means to establish compliance with the Basic
Regulation and its Implementing Rules

1)
Published as ASD-STAN Standard at the date of publication of this document by AeroSpace and Defence industries Association
of Europe — Standardization (ASD-STAN), http://www.asd-stan.org/.
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3.2
advisory alert
alert for conditions that require awareness and may require subsequent response by the UAS remote
pilot
3.3
automatic flight
flight following pre-programmed instructions, loaded in the unmanned aircraft (UA) flight control system
that the UA executes
3.4
caution alert
alert for conditions that require immediate awareness and subsequent response by the UAS remote pilot
3.5
command unit
see Remote Pilot Station
3.6
Direct Remote Identification
DRI
system that ensures the local broadcast of information about an unmanned aircraft in operation,
including the marking of the unmanned aircraft, so that this information can be obtained without physical
access to the unmanned aircraft
3.7
equipment to control unmanned aircraft remotely
instrument, equipment, mechanism, apparatus, appurtenance, software or accessory that is necessary for
the safe operation of a UA, other than a part, and which is not carried on board that UA
3.8
geographical information distributor
entity responsible for providing data to the end-user (may not be the originator of the data) (consistent
with U-Space Service Provider USSP)
3.9
Global Navigation Satellite System
GNSS
positioning system based on one or several satellite constellations
3.10
Remote Pilot
RP
natural person responsible for safely conducting the flight of a UA by operating its flight controls, either
manually or semi- manually or, when the UA flies automatically, by monitoring its course and remaining
able to intervene and change its course at any time
3.11
Remote Pilot Station
RPS
component of the UAS containing the equipment used to control the UA
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3.12
return home
fail safe system that upon loss of data link will direct the UA back to predefined home position
3.13
Unmanned aircraft
UA
aircraft operating or designed to operate autonomously or to be piloted remotely without a pilot on board
3.14
Unmanned Aircraft System
UAS
UA and its associated elements which are operated with no pilot on board
3.15
UAS Geographical Zone
UGZ
Geographical zone defined in 3D, including attributes defining the applicability and conditions of
restriction of flight
3.16
UAS Operator
legal or natural person who operates or intends to operate one or more UAS
3.17
UGZ Data Service
Data distribution Service to which an UAS operator can connect to access to geographical zones applying
to the geo-awareness function
3.18
UGZ Data Service
Data distribution Service to which an UAS operator can connect to access to geographical zones applying
to the geo-awareness function
3.19
Visual Line Of Sight
VLOS
type of UAS operation in which, the remote pilot is able to maintain continuous unaided visual contact
with the unmanned aircraft, allowing the remote pilot to control the flight path of the unmanned aircraft
in relation to other aircraft, people and obstacles for the purpose of avoiding collisions
3.20
Warning Alert
alert for conditions that require immediate awareness and immediate response by the UAS remote pilot
4 General Design Requirements
4.1 Intended function
The equipment implementing the Geo-awareness Function shall perform its intended sub-function(s), as
defined by the manufacturer.
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4.2 Effects of tests
Unless otherwise stated, the design of the equipment shall be such that, during and after the application
of the specified tests, no condition exists which would be detrimental to the subsequent performance of
the equipment.
4.3 Functional interfaces
The protocol to get the UAS geographical zone data as input to the Geo-awareness function, the associated
data format, the expected characteristics and properties of these data shall be compliant to the data model
2)
and specification of services described in the Acceptable Means of Compliance .
4.4 Reliability, availability, and integrity
No reliability or availability requirements are set on the Geo-awareness function.
4.5 Maintainability
No requirement is set on the maintainability of the Geo-awareness function.
4.6 Software and hardware management design
No requirement is set on the software and /or hardware design assurance.
5 Requirements for the Geo-awareness function
5.1 Alerting on imminent Breach of Restriction
5.1.1 General
The Geo-awareness function shall provide the remote pilot with a warning alert when a potential or
actual breach of UAS geographical zones is detected, either in horizontal plane or vertical axis.
The alert should be provided by one or several of the following means, e.g.:
• Aural signal;
• Visual light on the Command Station;
• Visual message on the Command Station;
• Depiction of the potential point of conflict with the UGZ;
• Vibration to the pilot on the command unit.
The Geo-awareness function should provide the remote pilot with a geographical depiction of the current
horizontal and vertical UA position and the UAS geographical zones, to enable the pilot to understand the
situation and anticipate manoeuvres.
The Geo-awareness function shall be able to manage any UAS geographical zone as described in the data
2 2
format (see 5.3), with the following limits in size [200 m , 1 000 000 km ] and horizontal shape [concave
parts or capes with sharp angles not less than 10°, convex parts or bays with sharp angles not less
than 10°].

2)
Related to Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947.
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If more than one restriction or condition is set at the same position, the Geo-awareness function shall
consider the most restrictive one, in term of penetration and data capture prohibition.
Information messages associated to multiple zones shall be displayed simultaneously, in a clear manner
regarding the priority of messages.
As the geographical zone data (typically restrictions) are time-related, a caution alert shall be provided
to the remote pilot when the current location is to become forbidden soon and will have to be exited.
• This caution alert should be provided soon enough to enable exit or allow safe landing before active
restriction of the UGZ;
• It is also recommended to have an advisory alert before this last one (either 10 minutes or five times
the caution anticipation time).
5.1.2 Management of Notification and Authorization
NOTE At the present time, no automatic notification or authorization management is in place or standardized.
In case of trend to enter into a UGZ subject to notification (to a given authority as defined in the UGZ data),
such information shall be provided to the pilot If not already done, it’s the pilots’ responsibility to send a
notification. In case of impossibility to send the notification, the entry shall be considered as prohibited.
In case of trend entering a UGZ subject to Authorization (by a given authority as defined in the UGZ data),
such information shall be provided to the pilot. It is the responsibility of the pilot to know if the
authorization is already obtained. Till the authorization is not granted, the entry should be considered by
the pilot as prohibited.
As the process of notification or authorization may not be automatic (not in place at this time) the UAS
manufacturer shall allow the RP withdrawing/inhibiting the alarm by declaring that the operator has the
permit to fly in this UGZ. This declaration will disable the Geo-awareness function for the given UGZ for
the current flight. All such inhibitions shall be reset at the end of the flight.
The action of declaring the “permit to enter” (Notification/authorization) shall be recorded in the flight
log (time of the confirmation, identification of the UGZ)
5.2 Time/Threshold to Alert
The time or threshold to alert shall be defined by the manufacturer in order to assist the RP in its task to
prevent the UA from penetrating into the UGZ.
Margin on limits for the time or threshold to alert (meaning additional distance to the UGZ border) shall
be included, either by setting default margins or according to data available from the UAS.
Guidelines are provided in Annex A for the design of the alert and its margins.
5.3 Loading
The Geo-awareness function shall load the data defining the UAS geographical zones provided by
authoritative sources using methods and/or services which meet the applicable regulations, using the
data model and interface specification defined in the AMC&GM to Commission Implementing Regulation
(EU) 2019-947.
Data with degraded integrity (data loaded not consistent with data emitted by the UGZ data distributor)
shall not be used and considered not loaded.
The data model defines which data are mandatory or optional, and what format/values of attributes shall
be expected.
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In case of failure to load some data, the Geo-awareness function shall report sufficient information for the
RP to be aware of the possible operational consequences.
If the UGZ data are NOT loaded for the current location of flight, the Geo-awareness function shall provide
an advisory message to the RP alerting for “No UGZ data available”.
5.4 Update
The Geo-awareness function shall provide the remote pilot with a clear indication of the time at which
the last update occurred.
NOTE 1 It is the responsibility of the pilot to ensure that the update is made appropriately before the flight,
depending on the operation type and local regulation (Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019-947 –
UAS.OPEN.060-1b).
The Geo-awareness function shall record on the UAS logs of uploads, updates, subscriptions and change
publications received, with their date/time and their scope (area or regions of interest and time window
of interest).
The minimum period for storage of logs shall be 3 months.
It shall be reasonably impossible to erase or modify these minimum logs by the remote pilot or operator.
For record media that could be erased or discarded, the manufacturer should include a procedure in the
user manual to explain what data shall be stored by the user and how to do this.
NOTE 2 It is a design precaution to enable further investigations:
Three months for storage limits the volume of data to be stored while it is deemed sufficient for differed
investigation.
The recording of transactions may be performed also by the server based on the protocol of transmission.
5.5 Operating status
The Geo-awareness function shall provide the remote pilot with a warning alert when the operating
status of the Geo-awareness function is degraded or inoperative.
The information provided during the operation should focus on the impact on the operation, not on the
cause of the degradation.
The cause of degradation and inoperative status shall be explained in the User Manual.
5.6 Activation status
Refer to 6.5.
5.7 Vertical limits
The Geo-awareness function shall provide an alert to protect the UAS flights versus the upper and lower
altitude/height restrictions set forth for the zone of location in the restriction database.
Consistently with the definition of the data model of the UAS geographical zones, the vertical part of geo-
awareness shall use the AMSL altitude or the AGL height.
The choice between these 2 references will be specified individually for each UGZ.
NOTE The remote pilot remains responsible for applying the local regulations with respect to height above the
surface (refer to prEN 4709-001:2019 for Hmax height management), in addition to the vertical limits set forth in
the restriction database per zone.
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