SIST EN 15150:2011
(Main)Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density
Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density
This Standard describes the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made.
NOTE Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Particle density can therefore vary during time, thus the measured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikeldichte
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Partikeldichte von verdichteten Brennstoffen, wie Pellets oder Briketts, fest. Die Partikeldichte ist kein absoluter Wert, die Bedingungen für deren Bestimmung müssen genormt werden, um Vergleichsbestimmungen vornehmen zu können.
Combustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique des particules
La présente Norme européenne décrit la méthode de détermination de la masse volumique des particules de
combustibles densifiés comme les granulés ou les briquettes. La masse volumique des particules n'est pas
une valeur absolue et les conditions de sa détermination doivent être normalisées pour que des
déterminations comparatives puissent être effectuées.
Trdna biogoriva - Določevanje prostorninske mase
Ta standard opisuje metodo določevanja prostorninske mase stisnjenih goriv, kot so peleti ali briketi. Prostorninska masa ni absolutna vrednost in pogoji za njeno določevanje morajo biti standardizirani, s čimer se omogočijo primerjalne ugotovitve.
OPOMBA: Prostorninska masa odstopa zaradi dovzetnosti organskega materiala za okoljske ali tehnične vplive, kot so vlažnost zraka, vibracije, površinska obraba ali biorazgradnja. Prostorninska masa se torej lahko spreminja, zato je izmerjene vrednosti treba jemati kot trenutno lastnost goriva.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der PartikeldichteCombustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique des particulesSolid biofuels - Determination of particle density75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15150:2011SIST EN 15150:2011en,fr,de01-december-2011SIST EN 15150:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15150:20051DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15150:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15150
November 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15150:2005English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique des particules
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikeldichte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2011.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15150:2011: ESIST EN 15150:2011
EN 15150:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31Scope .42Normative references .43Terms and definitions .44Principle .45Reagents .46Apparatus .56.1General apparatus requirements .56.2Apparatus for pellet testing .56.3Apparatus for briquette testing .67Sample preparation .78Procedure .98.1Procedure for pellets (up to a diameter of 25 mm according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). .98.2Procedure for briquettes (with a diameter equal or higher than 25 mm, according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). .99Calculation . 1010Precision . 1111Test report . 11Annex A (informative)
Stereometric volume estimation . 12Bibliography . 14 SIST EN 15150:2011
EN 15150:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15150:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC
"Solid biofuels", the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15150:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
SIST EN 15150:2011
EN 15150:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588, Solid biofuels – Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-3, Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use EN 14778, Solid biofuels – Sampling EN 14780, Solid biofuels – Sample preparation EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 1: Total moisture – Reference method
EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 2: Total moisture – Simplified method 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588 apply. 4 Principle Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy of a body is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in weight between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid.
NOTE The particle density of briquettes could also be estimated by stereometric means (see informative Annex A). This estimation could also be made if pellets are cut to determine their volume by stereometric means. Be aware of a higher variability between the replications when applying the stereometric measuring principle. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water with low content of ions (e.g. drinking water quality) in a temperature range of 10 °C to 30 °C. 5.2 A detergent named O-[4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-deca(oxyethylen), Octylphenoldecaethylen-glycolether, Polyethylenglycol-mono-[p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-ether. SIST EN 15150:2011
EN 15150:2011 (E) 5 NOTE The exclusive use of this specific detergent with given characteristics allows to apply a fixed value for the density of the liquid (mixture with water) and ensures constant properties as wetting agent. The detergent is, for example, traded under the name Triton® X-100. The density at 20 °C is 1,07 g/l.
5.3 Paraffin with a melting point of 52 °C to 54 °C. 6 Apparatus 6.1 General apparatus requirements 6.1.1 Thermometer for liquids having a measuring accuracy of 1 °C 6.1.2 Facilities for moisture content determination according to EN 14774-1 or EN 14774-2 6.2 Apparatus for pellet testing 6.2.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance, the test rig shall be placed into a wind protection cabinet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values. 6.2.2 A transparent beaker glass of about 200 ml filling volume. 6.2.3 A density determination rig which can be placed on the balance. The rig consists of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order to prevent the balance from being loaded. The bridge is capable of carrying the beaker glass (6.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods a weighing dish ("submergence dish") is hung into the beaker glass (Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accommodate at least four pellets at once. Both, the supporting frame and the submergence dish are directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) can be removed for being loaded with pellets. Through the dish suspension, the submergence depth is always kept constant. The bottom of the submergence dish is perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath when it is submerged. If sample material of low density shall be applied (below 1,0 g/cm3) a modified suspension having an inverted submergence dish is required; this is to force the pellets underneath the liquid surface and prevent them from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air it is useful to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed to the suspension (Figure 1).
SIST EN 15150:2011
EN 15150:2011 (E) 6
Key 1 weighing dish (weighing in air) 2 pellets
3 bridge 4 perforated submergence dish (weighing in water) 5 weighing plate (balance) 6 beaker glass 7 dish suspension 8 supporting frame Figure 1 — Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets) 6.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 6.3.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each are tested the accuracy of the balance can be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance must have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell.
6.3.2 A transparent container for liquids having a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the submerged briquette.
NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the container's cross section is about 8 times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible. Such error would be due to a larger part of the holding steel string (see 6
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der PartikeldichteCombustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique des particulesSolid biofuels - Determination of particle density75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:FprEN 15150kSIST prEN 15150:2011en,de01-junij-2011kSIST prEN 15150:2011SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
kSIST prEN 15150:2011
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
FINAL DRAFT
FprEN 15150
March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Will supersede CEN/TS 15150:2005English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of particle density
Combustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique des particules
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Partikeldichte This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 335.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. FprEN 15150:2011: EkSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .31Scope .42Normative references .43Terms and definitions .44Principle .45Reagents .46Apparatus .56.1General apparatus requirements .56.2Apparatus for pellet testing .56.3Apparatus for briquette testing .67Sample preparation .88Procedure .98.1Procedure for pellets (up to a diameter of 25 mm according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). .98.2Procedure for briquettes (with a diameter equal or higher than 25 mm, according to EN 14961-1 and EN 14961-3). .99Calculation . 1010Precision . 1111Test report . 11Annex A (informative)
Stereometric volume estimation . 12Bibliography . 14 kSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (FprEN 15150:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This European Standard will supersede CEN/TS 15150:2005.
kSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard describes the method for determining the particle density of compressed fuels such as pellets or briquettes. Particle density is not an absolute value and conditions for its determination have to be standardised to enable comparative determinations to be made. NOTE Particle density is subject to variation due to the susceptibility of organic material to environmental or technical impacts such as air humidity, vibration, abrasion or biodegradation. Particle density can therefore vary during time, thus the measured values should be regarded as a momentary fuel property.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels – Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1, Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-3, Solid biofuels – Fuel specifications and classes – Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use FprEN 14778, Solid biofuels – Sampling FprEN 14780, Solid biofuels – Sample preparation EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 1: Total moisture – Reference method
EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels – Determination of moisture content – Oven dry method – Part 2: Total moisture – Simplified procedure 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588 shall apply. 4 Principle Both mass and volume of an individual particle or a group of particles are determined. The volume is measured by determining the buoyancy in a liquid. This procedure follows the physical principle that the buoyancy of a body is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of a liquid. The apparent loss in weight between a measurement in air and a subsequent measurement in liquid marks its buoyancy. The volume of the sample body is calculated via the density of the applied liquid.
NOTE The particle density of briquettes could also be estimated by stereometric means (see informative Annex A). This estimation could also be made if pellets are cut to determine their volume by stereometric means. Be aware of a higher variability between the replications when applying the stereometric measuring principle. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water with low content of ions (e.g. drinking water quality) in a temperature range of 10 °C to 30 °C. kSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 5 5.2 A detergent named O-[4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-deca(oxyethylen), Octylphenoldecaethylen-glycolether, Polyethylenglycol-mono-[p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-ether. NOTE The exclusive use of this specific detergent with given characteristics allows to apply a fixed value for the density of the liquid (mixture with water) and ensures constant properties as wetting agent. The detergent is for example traded under the name Triton® X-100. The density at 20 °C is 1,07 g/l.
5.3 Paraffin with a melting point of 52 °C to 54 °C. 6 Apparatus 6.1 General apparatus requirements 6.1.1 Thermometer for liquids having a measuring accuracy of 1 °C 6.1.2 Facilities for moisture content determination according to EN 14774-1 or EN 14774-2 6.2 Apparatus for pellet testing 6.2.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,001 g. Due to the high sensitivity of the balance the test rig shall be placed into a wind protection cabinet to allow undisturbed and immediate reading of the displayed values. 6.2.2 A transparent beaker glass of about 200 ml filling volume. 6.2.3 A density determination rig which can be placed on the balance. The rig consists of a bridge which overstretches the weighing plate of the balance in order to prevent the balance from being loaded. The bridge is capable of carrying the beaker glass (5.2.2). Through a supporting frame with suspension rods a weighing dish ("submergence dish") is hung into the beaker glass (Figure 1) which is filled with liquid. The dish shall be able to accommodate at least four pellets at once. Both, the supporting frame and the submergence dish are directly loaded on the balance plate. The submergence apparatus (the dish and the suspension) can be removed for being loaded with pellets. Through the dish suspension the submergence depth is always kept constant. The bottom of the submergence dish is perforated by openings which are smaller in diameter than the diameter of the pellets. This perforation allows the liquid to fill the dish from underneath when it is submerged. If sample material of low density shall be applied (below 1,0 g/cm3) a modified suspension having an inverted submergence dish is required; this is to force the pellets underneath the liquid surface and prevent them from floating atop of the liquid. For the determination of the mass in air it is useful to use a combined test rig where an additional upper weighing dish is fixed to the suspension (Figure 1).
kSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 6
Key 1 weighing dish (weighing in air)
2 pellets
3 bridge 4 perforated submergence dish (weighing in water) 5 weighing plate (balance) 6 beaker glass 7 dish suspension 8 supporting frame
Figure 1 — Buoyancy determination rig on a balance (method for pellets) 6.3 Apparatus for briquette testing 6.3.1 A balance, having sufficient accuracy to determine the weight to the nearest 0,01 g. If briquettes of more than 500 g each are tested the accuracy of the balance can be reduced to 0,1 g. The balance must have a connecting point for hanging a weight to its load cell.
6.3.2 A transparent container for liquids having a sufficient filling volume to accommodate the liquid and the submerged briquette.
NOTE A sufficient filling volume is usually achieved when the container's cross section is about 8 times larger than the cross section of the briquette. In this case any effects by level changes of the liquid caused by submersion of the briquette are negligible. Such error would be due to a larger part of the holding steel string (see 6.3.3) being submerged.
kSIST prEN 15150:2011
FprEN 15150:2011 (E) 7 6.3.3 A non absorbent thin steel string whic
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