SIST EN 81-77:2014
(Main)Safety rules for the construction and installations of lifts - Particular applications for passenger and good passengers lifts - Part 77: Lifts subject to seismic conditions
Safety rules for the construction and installations of lifts - Particular applications for passenger and good passengers lifts - Part 77: Lifts subject to seismic conditions
This European Standard specifies the special provisions and safety rules for passenger and goods passenger lifts where these lifts are permanently installed in buildings that are in compliance with EN 1998-1(Eurocode 8). This standard defines additional requirements to EN 81-1 and EN 81-2. It applies to new passenger lifts and goods passenger lifts. However, it may be used as a basis to improve the safety of existing passenger and goods passenger lifts. It does not apply to seismic lift category 0 as defined in Table A.1. This European Standard does not address other risks due to seismic events (for example fire, flood, explosion).
Sicherheitsregeln für Konstruktion und Einbau von Aufzügen - Besondere Anwendungen für Personen- und Lastenaufzüge - Teil 77: Aufzüge unter Erdbebenbedingungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die besonderen Vorkehrungen und Sicherheitsregeln für Personen- und Lastenaufzüge fest, wenn diese Aufzüge dauerhaft in Gebäuden eingebaut sind, die EN 1998 (Eurocode 8) entsprechen.
Diese Norm legt zusätzliche Anforderungen zu EN 81 1:1998A3:2009 und EN 81 2:1998A3:2009 fest.
Sie gilt für neue Personenaufzüge und Lastenaufzüge. Sie darf jedoch auch als Grundlage zur Verbesserung der Sicherheit bereits vorhandener Personen- und Lastenaufzüge angewendet werden.
Sie gilt nicht für die Kategorie 0 für Aufzüge unter Erdbebenbedingungen nach Tabelle 1.
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Applications particulières pour les ascenseurs et les ascenseurs de charge - Partie 77 : Ascenseurs soumis aux conditions sismiques
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les dispositions spéciales et les règles de sécurité relatives aux ascenseurs et ascenseurs de charge installés de manière permanente dans des bâtiments qui sont conformes à l’EN 1998-1 (Eurocode 8).
La présente norme définit des prescriptions supplémentaires par rapport à l’EN 81-1 et à l’EN 81-2.
Elle s’applique aux nouveaux ascenseurs et ascenseurs de charge. Cependant, elle peut être utilisée comme base pour améliorer la sécurité des ascenseurs et ascenseurs de charge existants.
Elle ne s’applique pas aux ascenseurs sismiques de catégorie 0 tels que définis dans le Tableau A.1.
La présente Norme européenne ne traite pas des autres risques associés aux événements sismiques (par exemple incendie, inondation, explosion).
Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebne izvedbe osebnih in tovorno-osebnih dvigal - 77. del: Dvigala (lifti) za potresne razmere
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 81-77:2014
01-marec-2014
Varnostna pravila za konstruiranje in vgradnjo dvigal (liftov) - Posebne izvedbe
osebnih in tovorno-osebnih dvigal - 77. del: Dvigala (lifti) za potresne razmere
Safety rules for the construction and installations of lifts - Particular applications for
passenger and good passengers lifts - Part 77: Lifts subject to seismic conditions
Sicherheitsregeln für Konstruktion und Einbau von Aufzügen - Besondere Anwendungen
für Personen- und Lastenaufzüge - Teil 77: Aufzüge unter Erdbebenbedingungen
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des élévateurs - Applications
particulières pour les ascenseurs et les ascenseurs de charge - Partie 77 : Ascenseurs
soumis aux conditions sismiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 81-77:2013
ICS:
91.120.25 =DãþLWDSUHGSRWUHVLLQ Seismic and vibration
YLEUDFLMDPL protection
91.140.90 'YLJDOD7HNRþHVWRSQLFH Lifts. Escalators
SIST EN 81-77:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 81-77
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2013
ICS 91.120.25; 91.140.90
English Version
Safety rules for the construction and installations of lifts -
Particular applications for passenger and goods passenger lifts -
Part 77: Lifts subject to seismic conditions
Règles de sécurité pour la construction et l'installation des Sicherheitsregeln für Konstruktion und Einbau von
élévateurs - Applications particulières pour les ascenseurs Aufzügen - Besondere Anwendungen für Personen- und
et les ascenseurs de charge - Partie 77: Ascenseurs Lastenaufzüge - Teil 77: Aufzüge unter
soumis à des conditions sismiques Erdbebenbedingungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 September 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 81-77:2013 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
EN 81-77:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .4
Introduction .5
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 List of significant hazards .7
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures .8
5.1 General .8
5.2 Lift well .8
5.3 Machinery and pulley spaces .9
5.4 Car .9
5.4.1 Mass of the car for lift design calculations .9
5.4.2 Car retaining devices . 10
5.4.3 Car door locking devices . 12
5.5 Counterweight or balancing weight . 12
5.6 Suspension and compensation . 12
5.6.1 Protection for traction sheaves, pulleys and sprockets . 12
5.6.2 Compensation chains . 12
5.7 Precaution against environmental damage . 12
5.8 Guide rail system . 13
5.8.1 General . 13
5.8.2 Permissible stresses and deflections during seismic event . 13
5.9 Machinery and other lift equipment . 14
5.10 Electric installations and appliances . 14
5.10.1 Electric installations in the lift well . 14
5.10.2 Behaviour of the lift in case of failure of the mains power supply . 15
5.10.3 Seismic detection system . 15
5.10.4 Behaviour of the lift in seismic mode . 16
6 Verification of safety requirements and / or protective measures . 17
7 Information for use . 18
Annex A (normative) Seismic lift categories . 19
Annex B (informative) General information and determination of the design acceleration . 20
B.1 General . 20
B.2 Example of calculation of design acceleration . 21
Annex C (informative) Primary wave detection system . 22
Annex D (informative) Proof of guide rails . 23
D.1 General . 23
D.2 Mass of the rated load . 23
D.3 Seismic forces . 23
D.4 Load cases . 24
D.5 Impact factors . 24
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D.6 Acceleration direction . 24
D.7 Vertical distribution of masses . 25
D.8 Car guide rail bending force . 26
D.9 Counterweight or balancing weight guide rail bending force . 27
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 95/16/EC Lift Directive . 28
Bibliography . 29
3
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
EN 81-77:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 81-77:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts, escalators
and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2014.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
This document is part of the EN 81 series of standards: “Safety rules for the construction and installation of
lifts”. This is the first edition of this European Standard.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
EN 81-77:2013 (E)
Introduction
The lifts concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered, are
indicated in the scope of this document.
This document is a Type C Standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
When the provisions of this C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this document take precedence over the other standards, for lifts that have been designed and
built according to the provisions of this document.
The objective of this standard is to define additional safety rules related to passenger and goods/passenger-
lifts with a view to safeguarding persons and objects against the risks described below associated with the
use, maintenance, inspection and emergency operation of lifts subject to seismic conditions.
The aim of this European Standard is to:
— avoid loss of life and reduce the extent of injuries;
— avoid people trapped in the lift;
— avoid damage;
— avoid environmental problems related to oil leakage;
— reduce the number of lifts out of service.
It is assumed that negotiations have been made for each contract between the customer and the
supplier/installer about the design acceleration (a ) to be considered and the most effective position of the
d
seismic detection system, if any, and of the primary wave detection system, if any. The building designer or
the lift owner should provide the design acceleration (a ) which will be documented in the information for the
d
owner provided by the installer.
This European Standard covers only the effects of earthquakes and not the nature of them.
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SIST EN 81-77:2014
EN 81-77:2013 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the special provisions and safety rules for passenger and goods passenger
lifts where these lifts are permanently installed in buildings that are in compliance with EN 1998-1
(Eurocode 8).
This standard defines additional requirements to EN 81-1 and EN 81-2.
It applies to new passenger lifts and goods passenger lifts. However, it may be used as a basis to improve the
safety of existing passenger and goods passenger lifts.
It does not apply to seismic lift category 0 as defined in Table A.1.
This European Standard does not address other risks due to seismic events (for example fire, flood,
explosion).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts
EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 2: Hydraulic lifts
EN 81-72:2003, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Particular applications for
passenger and goods passenger lifts — Part 72: Firefighters lifts
EN 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance — Part 1: General rules, seismic
actions and rules for buildings
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 7465:2007, Passenger lifts and service lifts — Guide rails for lift cars and counterweights — T-type
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and
EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009 and the following apply.
3.1
snag point
point of interference between flexible elements (for example ropes, chains, travelling cable, etc.) and fixed
elements (for example by guide rail brackets, guide rail clip bolts, fishplates, vanes, and similar devices)
3.2
design acceleration (a )
d
horizontal acceleration to be used for calculation of forces – moments acting on lift systems and arising from
seismic events (see Annex B)
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3.3
seismic lift categories
lifts have been divided into categories, taking into account the design acceleration (a )
d
Note 1 to entry: Table A.1 shows the seismic lift categories.
3.4
primary wave
compressional waves that are longitudinal in nature
Note 1 to entry: Earthquake advance warning is possible by detecting the non-destructive primary waves that travel
more quickly through the Earth's crust than do the destructive secondary waves. The amount of advance warning depends
on the delay between the arrival of the primary wave and other destructive waves, generally in the order of seconds for
distant, large quakes.
3.5
secondary wave
shear waves that are transverse in nature, its motion being perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation
Note 1 to entry: Secondary waves move through solids, unlike surface waves. They are destructive and arrive later
than primary waves.
3.6
seismic trigger level
seismic acceleration which used to activate a seismic detection system
3.7
seismic mode
special mode in which the lift operates after detection of seismic trigger level
3.8
seismic stand-by mode
special mode in which the lift operates after detection of primary wave without the activation of the seismic
detection system
3.9
normal operation
operation mode in which the lift performs when not in seismic mode or in seismic stand-by mode
3.10
retaining device
physical mechanical device securely fixed to a structural member of the lift car, counterweight or balancing
weight frame, designed to retain the lift car and counterweight (balancing weight) within its guide rails during
seismic activity
3.11
expansion joint
assembly designed to safely absorb the heat-induced expansion and contraction of various construction
materials, to absorb vibration, or to allow movement due to ground settlement or earthquakes
4 List of significant hazards
This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with
in this document, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of lift and which require action to
eliminate or reduce the risk (see Table 1).
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EN 81-77:2013 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards
Hazards
No Relevant clauses
as listed in Annex B of EN ISO 12100:2010
Acceleration, deceleration 5.4.1, 5.5, 5.8.2
Angular parts 5.2
Approach of a moving element to a fixed part 5.4.2, 5.5
1
Machinery mobility 5.3, 5.9
Moving elements 5.4.1, 5.4.3
Rotating element 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 5.9
2 Failure of the power supply 5.10.2, 5.10.3.5
8 Human behaviour Clause 6, Clause 7
Pollution 5.7, 5.9
9
Failure of the control circuit 5.10.3.4, 5.10.3.5
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Lifts within the scope of this standard shall comply with the relevant safety requirements and/or protective
measures of this clause when the lifts are subject to seismic conditions. In addition, the lift shall be designed
according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with in
this standard.
If not differently specified the following requirements apply to seismic lift category 1, 2 and 3.
5.2 Lift well
In order to prevent that suspension ropes, governor ropes, travelling cables, compensation ropes and chains,
swaying in the well, get entangled with fixed equipment, snag points created by brackets, sills, devices and
other equipment mounted in the well shall be protected according to Table 2.
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EN 81-77:2013 (E)
Table 2 — Protection of snag points
Horizontal
Height of Protected
distance of snag Measures Construction scope
the well equipment
points
Not necessary due to very
≤ 20 m small shake (displacement) of
buildings
Install protection measure for
example a protection wire in Required if any portion of
< 900 mm Travelling cables the corner of the rail bracket the loop is smaller than
or other snag points near the 900 mm from a snag point
travelling cables
Compensating
Full travel in case of
Chain(s),
Install protection measure for installing either of the
Compensating example a protection wire in compensating chain or
< 750 mm
rope(s), the corner of the rail bracket compensating rope or
> 20 m
or other snag points counterweight governor
Counterweight
≤ 60 m
rope
governor rope
Install a rope guide and
< 500 mm Car governor rope protector. Otherwise use Full travel
protection wire
Install a tape guide and
< 300 mm Suspension ropes protector. Otherwise use Full travel
protection wire
Travelling cables
Compensating
Chain(s),
Protect all snag
Compensating
points
rope(s),
> 60 m Apply protection measures Full travel
independently from
Counterweight
horizontal distance
governor rope
Car governor rope
Suspension ropes
5.3 Machinery and pulley spaces
Where buildings are designed with expansion joints subdividing the structure into dynamically independent
units, all the lift machinery including the landing entrances and the well of the lift shall be located on the same
side of an expansion joint (see EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009, 0.2.5 and EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009, 0.2.5).
5.4 Car
5.4.1 Mass of the car for lift design calculations
For lift design calculations, the forces generated by the design acceleration (a ) shall be calculated taking into
d
account:
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— for passenger lifts the mass of the car plus 40 % of the rated load evenly distributed;
— for goods passenger lifts the mass of the car plus 80 % of the rated load evenly distributed.
5.4.2 Car retaining devices
For categories 2 and 3 lift the car frame shall be provided at least with upper and lower retaining devices able
to hold the car frame on its guide rails.
The retaining devices shall be placed in such a way to distribute loads in a similar way as the guide shoes.
The retaining devices shall either be integrated or mounted close to the fixing of the guide shoes.
When the car is centre located between the guide rails the clearances d , d and d (Figure 1 a)) between the
1 2 3
retaining device and the guide rail shall not exceed 5 mm and the dimensions chosen shall not cause
accidental tripping of the safety gear during an earthquake.
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Figure 1 a) — Nominal position and clearance of Figure 1 b) — Minimum required overlapping
retaining device length of retaining device during
earthquake
Key
d clearances between the retaining device and the guide rail
1
d clearances between the retaining device and the guide rail
2
d clearances between the retaining device and the guide rail
3
x guide rail x-axis
y guide rail y-axis
z depth of the retaining device
1
z blade height
2
z overlapping length of retaining device during earthquake (≥ 5 mm)
3
Figure 1 — Retaining device
The depth of the retaining device (z ) shall be limited to avoid collision with guide rail attachments or other
1
fixed devices, but long enough to guarantee a minimum required overlapping length between retaining
devices and the guide rail blade during an earthquake. The required depth of the retaining devices is also
correlated with the type of guide rail through the allowable deflection of the guide rail (see 5.8.2).
During an earthquake, the minimum required overlapping length between retaining devices and the guide rail
blade shall be at least 5 mm (Figure 1 b)).
The car structure and retaining devices shall be sufficient to withstand the loads and forces imposed on them
including forces generated by the design acceleration (a ), without permanent deformation.
d
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5.4.3 Car door locking devices
To prevent the opening of car doors, for lift category 2 and 3 the car doors shall be provided with a car door
locking device which shall be designed and operate in analogy to the landing door locking device as described
in 7.7.3.1 and 7.7.3.3 of EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009 and EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009.
5.5 Counterweight or balancing weight
The counterweight or balancing weight shall be provided with upper and lower retaining devices able to hold
the frame in between its guide rails.
The retaining devices shall be placed in such a way to distribute loads in a similar way as the guide shoes.
The retaining devices shall either be integrated or mounted close to the fixing of the guide shoes.
, d and d (Figure 1 a)) between the retaining devices and the guide rails shall not exceed
The clearances d
1 2 3
, d and d shall not cause
5 mm. When a safety gear is present, the dimensions chosen for the clearances d
1 2 3
accidental tripping of the safety gear.
During an earthquake, the minimum required overlapping length between retaining devices and the guide rail
blade side shall be not less than 5 mm (Figure 1 b)).
The counterweight or balancing weight structure and retaining devices shall be sufficient to withstand the
), without
loads and forces imposed on them including forces generated by the design acceleration (a
d
permanent deformation.
The strength of the retaining devices and the counterweight frame or balancing weight frame shall be
calculated taking into account the vertical mass distribution of its weight blocks.
If the counterweight or the balancing weight incorporates filler weights, necessary measures shall be taken to
prevent their movement outside the frame considering the design acceleration value.
5.6 Suspension and compensation
5.6.1 Protection for traction sheaves, pulleys and sprockets
The devices for preventing the ropes from leaving the grooves of traction sheaves and pulleys shall include
one retainer no more than 15° from the points where the ropes enter and leave the grooves and at least one
intermediate retainer every 90° of the angle of wrap. The strength and stiffness of the retainers and their
distance to the traction sheaves and pulleys compared to the diameter of the ropes shall be such that they are
effective.
The devices for preventing the chains from leaving the sprockets shall include one retainer at the points where
the chains enter and leave the sprockets.
5.6.2 Compensation chains
Compensation chains or similar means shall be guided in the pit in order to limit them from swaying and
reaching snag points.
5.7 Precaution against environmental damage
Hydraulic lifts shall be provided with a rupture valve. The rupture valve shall comply with the requirements of
EN 81-2:1998+A3:2009, 12.5.5.
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EN 81-77:2013 (E)
The space in which the hydraulic power unit is situated and the pit shall be designed in such a way that it is
impervious, so that all the fluid contained in the machinery placed in these areas will be retained if it leaks out
or escapes.
5.8 Guide rail system
5.8.1 General
The guide rails, their joints and attachments shall comply with the requirements of EN 81-1 and EN 81-2 and
).
they shall also withstand the loads and forces generated by the design acceleration (a
d
Where retaining devices are provided, car and counterweight or balancing weight retaining devices shall be
used as frame supporting points in the guide rail verification.
NOTE Annex D describes an example method for selecting guide rails.
5.8.2 Permissible stresses and deflections during seismic event
5.8.2.1 Where retaining devices are not provided, the maximum permissible deflections of the car guide
rail system shall comply with the requirements of EN 81-1 and EN 81-2, taking into account the load and the
forces generated by the lift system including the forces generated by the design acceleration (a ).
d
5.8.2.2 Where retaining devices are provided, the requirements stated below shall be fulfilled.
The safety factors for guide rails shall satisfy Table 3.
Table 3 — Safety factors for guide rails
Elongation (A ) Safety factor
5
A ≥ 12 % 1,8
5
8 % ≤ A < 12 % 3,0
5
For guide rails in accordance with ISO 7465, the values of Table 4 shall be used.
Table 4 — Permissible stresses σ
perm
R (Tensile strength of guide rail)
m
370 440 520
2
(N/mm )
σ (Permissible stresses)
perm
205 244 290
2
(N/mm )
The maximum permissible deflection of car or counterweight (balancing weight) guide rail in y direction (see
Figure 2) shall be such that the overlapping length between the blade of the guide rail and the retaining
devices is not less than 5 mm (see Figure 1 b)).
The maximum permissible deflection of the car guide rail, counterweight or balancing weight guide rail in
x direction (see Figure 2) shall also be applied in y direction.
The maximum permissible deflection includes guide rail, it's fixing bracket and separation beam, if used.
For T-profile guide rails the maximum permissible deflections in millimetres (see Figure 1) is:
δ = z − 2d − 5
perm 1 3
but never more than 40 mm.
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Key
F forc
...
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