SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
(Main)Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of the declared thermal performance
Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of the declared thermal performance
This European Standard describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and calculation methods to determine the declared thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This European Standard supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This European Standard applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of the facing.
Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende Wärmedämm-Produkte - Bestimmung der Nennwerte der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften
Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt eine Reihe von Verfahren zur Anwendung bereits bestehender genormter CEN oder ISO Prüf und Berechnungsverfahren, mit deren Hilfe die Nennwerte der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften von reflektierenden Wärmedämm-Produkten bestimmt werden können. Diese Norm unterstützt bestehende CEN bzw. ISO Prüfverfahren und ist nicht dafür vorgesehen, diese zu ersetzen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für alle Wärmedämmprodukte, bei denen die beanspruchten wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften zu einem beträchtlichen Teil durch das Vorliegen einer oder mehrerer reflektierenden/r oder niedrigemittierenden/r Oberfläche(n) und dem/r zugehörigen Luftraum/räume erreicht werden. Sie stellt keinen Ersatz für die bestehenden Verfahren zur Bestimmung der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften von Produkten dar, die bereits durch eine bestehende harmonisierte Produktnorm abgedeckt sind, und bei denen die Nennwerte dieser Produkte keine spezifischen Ansprüche abdecken, die sich aus dem Emissionsgrad der Deckschicht ergeben.
Isolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits d’isolation réfléchissants - Détermination de la performance thermique déclarée
La présente Norme européenne décrit un ensemble de modes opératoires pour l'utilisation de méthodes existantes d'essai et de calcul normalisées par le CEN et l'ISO pour déterminer la performance thermique déclarée des produits d'isolation réfléchissants. La présente Norme européenne vient à l'appui des méthodes d'essai CEN et ISO existantes, mais elle n'est pas destinée à les remplacer.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à tout produit d'isolation thermique dont une partie des propriétés thermiques déclarées est liée à la présence d'une ou plusieurs surfaces réfléchissantes ou à faible émissivité ainsi qu'à toute lame d'air associée. Elle ne remplace pas les modes opératoires existants pour la détermination de la performance thermique des produits déjà couverts par une norme de produit harmonisée existante lorsque la valeur déclarée de ces produits n'inclut pas spécifiquement des propriétés déclarées attribuables à l'émissivité des parements.
Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za stavbe - Odsevni izolacijski proizvodi - Ugotavljanje nazivnih toplotnih lastnosti
V tem evropskem standardu je opisan sklop postopkov za uporabo obstoječih standardiziranih preskusov CEN ali ISO in metod za izračun za ugotavljanje nazivnih toplotnih lastnosti odsevnih izolacijskih proizvodov. Ta evropski standard podpira obstoječe metode preskušanja CEN ali ISO in jih ne nadomešča.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za katere koli toplotnoizolacijske proizvode, pri katerih del zahtevanih toplotnih lastnosti izhaja iz prisotnosti enega ali več odsevnih površin ali površin nizke emisivnosti skupaj s povezanimi zračnimi prostori. Ne nadomešča obstoječih postopkov za določanje toplotnih lastnosti proizvodov, ki so že zajeti v obstoječem harmoniziranem standardu za proizvod, pri čemer deklarirana vrednost teh proizvodov ne vključuje posebej nobenih določil, ki jih je mogoče pripisati emisivnosti premaza.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za stavbe - Odsevni izolacijski proizvodi - Ugotavljanje nazivnih toplotnih lastnostiWärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende Wärmedämm-Produkte - Bestimmung der Nennwerte der wärmetechnischen EigenschaftenIsolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits d’isolation réfléchissants - Détermination de la performance thermique déclaréeThermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of the declared thermal performance91.100.60Thermal and sound insulating materialsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16012:2012+A1:2015SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015en,fr,de01-april-2015SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 16012:20121DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16012:2012+A1
February 2015 ICS 91.100.60 Supersedes EN 16012:2012English Version
Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products -Determination of the declared thermal performance
Isolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits d'isolation réfléchissants - Détermination de la performance thermique déclarée
Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende Wärmedämm-Produkte - Bestimmung der Nennwerte der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 December 2011 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 29 November 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 ESIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions . 7 3.2 Symbols and units . 7 4 Description of product types . 8 4.1 Product classification . 8 4.2 Product Type 1 . 8 4.3 Product Type 2 . 9 4.4 Product Type 3 . 9 4.5 Product Type 4 . 10 5 Methods of assessment . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Thickness measurement . 11 5.3 !Test specimens" . 11 5.4 Determination of thermal resistance – outline . 11 5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 1 . 12 5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2 . 13 5.7 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 3 (METHOD C) . 13 5.8 Determination of the thermal performance of Product Type 4 . 18 5.9 Emissivity . 19 6 Uncertainty . 20 6.1 General . 20 6.2 Thickness measurements . 20 6.3 Use of surface thermocouples on thin samples in a guarded hot plate or in heat flow meter measurement . 20 6.4 Use of dummy insulation specimens . 20 6.5 Derivation of the core resistance of a Type 3 Product from hot box measurements. 20 7 Expression of results . 21 7.1 Results derived from hot plate and emissivity measurements (Products Type 1 & 2) . 21 7.2 Results derived from hot box and emissivity measurements (Product Types 1, 2 & 3) . 21 7.3 Results derived from emissivity measurements only (product Type 4) . 21 8 Report . 22 Annex A (normative) . 23 Annex B (normative) . 24 Annex C (normative) . 25 Annex D (normative)
Measurement of emissivity using a Thermal Infra-Red apparatus . 26 D.1 Principle of the hemispherical blackbody radiator . 26 D.2 Description of suitable hemispherical blackbody radiator and specimen holder . 26 SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 3 D.3 Calibration standards .27 D.4 Calculation of the emissivity .28 D.5 Sampling and preparation of the test specimens .28 D.5.1 Sampling .28 D.5.2 Dimensions and numbers of specimens .28 D.5.3 Conditioning of specimens for ageing .28 D.6 Procedure for measurement of specimens .28 D.7 Expression of results .29 Annex E (normative)
“Dummy specimen” technique for the heat flow meter apparatus .30 E.1 Principle .30 E.2 Procedure .30 E.3 Specimens of low thermal resistance .31 E.4 Calibration .31 Bibliography .32
SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 16012:2012+A1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document includes Amendment 1, approved by CEN on 2014-11-29. This document supersedes EN 16012:2012. The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags ! ". This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 5 Introduction Reflective (low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength) surfaces are utilized in a number of ways to enhance the thermal performance of insulating products. Their role is to reduce the heat transfer by thermal radiation in some parts of the system. This is achieved because low emissivity surfaces reduce the radiant heat transferred through a product that is wholly or partially transparent to infra-red radiation (e.g. very low density fibrous insulation). They will also reduce the radiant heat transfer across any air gap or gaps that are present in the system. In some cases, air gaps can be an intrinsic part of the structure and in other cases the insulation can be installed in such a way as to deliberately create an air gap between the reflective surfaces and the structure. Unless otherwise stipulated by the manufacturer, the declared thermal performance should include an adjacent vertical air space on either side of the product, and the declared thermal performance should also include a statement of the thickness of these airspaces included as part of the declared value. The declared value can, alternatively, be given as the combination of the thermal resistance of the “core” of the product together with the measured value of the emissivity of the surfaces. Since all conventional thermal insulation products declare their thermal performance on the basis of the value to be expected over a reasonable working life, this is also addressed in a limited manner in this standard in the assessment of emissivity of the surface(s) of reflective insulation. In the absence of any quantified and certified data on the aged performance of a facing over a normal lifetime for a building material, the ageing of the low emissivity surface is assessed by use of an accelerated ageing procedure. How the thermal properties of insulation materials that utilize reflective surfaces are determined will depend on the form in which they are sold and how they are intended to be used. This standard describes a number of different approaches which can be utilized and specifies which approach to use for the different types of product. Where a product is already subject to a product specification that describes procedures for the measurement of the aged 90/90 fractile thermal conductivity or thermal resistance of the core insulation material, the following guidance should only be used to determine the component of its thermal performance that depends on the emissivity of its external faces. However, it should be remembered that the declared value is only the first step, giving comparative performance values under specified conditions, and the design value can give more information for use by the designer in specific applications, especially under different climatic conditions. SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and calculation methods to determine the declared thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This European Standard supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods. This European Standard applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of the facing. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 823:1994, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness EN 1946-1, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 1: Common crieteria EN 1946-2, Thermal performance of building products and components - Specific criteria for the assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties - Part 2: Measurements by guarded hot plate method EN 1946-3, Thermal performance of building products and components - Specific criteria for the assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties - Part 3: Measurements by heat flow meter method EN 1946-4, Thermal performance of building products and components - Specific criteria for the assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties - Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Dry and moist products of medium and low thermal resistance EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium thermal resistance EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance — Calculation method (ISO 6946) EN ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345) EN ISO 8990, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties — Calibrated and guarded hot box (ISO 8990) EN ISO 9229, Thermal Insulation — Vocabulary (ISO 9229) EN ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Physical quantities and definitions
(ISO 9288) EN ISO 10456, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values (ISO 10456) SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 7 ISO 8301:1991, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties — Heat flow meter apparatus ISO 8302:1991, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties — Guarded hot plate apparatus ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995) 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345, EN ISO 9288, EN ISO 9229 and the following apply. 3.1.1 declared thermal performance value of thermal performance, declared by a manufacturer, which is derived from measured values under the specified conditions and rules given in this standard 3.1.2 indentation concave depression in the surface of the facing (foil) such that shallow air pockets are created when the surface is in contact with a smooth flat plate 3.1.3 core thermal resistance thermal resistance of the product from face to face at the tested thickness, excluding the contribution of any low emissivity outer surface or any air space(s) adjacent to the product 3.1.4 emissivity ratio of the energy radiated by a surface relative to the energy radiated by a blackbody at the same temperature 3.1.5 reflective surface low emissivity surface surface which has a low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength within the temperature range found in building elements 3.1.6 reflective insulation insulation product which has one or both external face(s) comprising a reflective surface Note 1 to entry
It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate heat. 3.2 Symbols and units For the purposes of this standard, the following symbols and units apply. SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 8
Symbol Quantity Unit P !R perimeter thermal resistance M m²·K/W" U sensor signal V 0 emissivity -
thermal conductivity W/(m·K) - heat flow rate W
linear thermal transmittance W/(m·K) û temperature difference K
Subscripts L low H high e edge sur surround D !90/90 declared 90 % fractile with a confidence level of 90 %" 4 Description of product types 4.1 Product classification This clause describes the various generic product types to which this standard refers. Product type is defined solely for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate test method (product type number does not refer to a generic species of product). Together with 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the flow charts in Annexes A, B and C shall be followed in assigning a given product to a product type. In 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the product type is determined by reference to its compressibility or otherwise to achieve flat parallel surfaces. This implies the removal of measurable air-gaps between the specimen and the hot and cold plates of the test apparatus whilst not unduly reducing the overall thickness of the specimen to be tested. When using the weighted plate method from EN 823:1994 there shall be no residual air spaces between the weighted plate and the specimen surface. The weight of plate used for the thickness measurement shall be the lowest of either plate sufficient to eliminate air gaps. The thickness measured under the chosen plate shall be the thickness subsequently used for the measurement of the core thermal resistance and given in the test report. 4.2 Product Type 1 A product shall be classified as Type 1 when it has a regular geometry with parallel faces or is compressible so that the product can be contained between the hot and cold plates of the apparatus without significantly changing its core thermal properties. This is achieved when its surfaces are smooth and flat with no discernible depth of pattern or indentation. SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 9 EXAMPLES Including (but not limited to) foam insulation with aluminium foil facing on each side (see Figure 1), mineral wool faced with aluminium foil, multi-foil insulation product which is stitched or seamed only at the edges and substantially flat with parallel faces (see also the limitation in Clause 1).
Key 1 insulation core 2 low emissivity surface or surfaces NOTE The emissivity of each of the outer surfaces can be different or the product can be faced on only one side. Figure 1 — Example of insulation material with reflective facing on each side 4.3 Product Type 2 A product shall be classified as Type 2 when it has a regular geometry with parallel faces or is compressible so that the product can be contained between the test apparatus hot and cold plates without changing its core thermal properties. The surface or surfaces shall not be flat and smooth and can have indentations of less than 5 mm depth when measured using the pin and plate described in EN 823:1994, subclause B.1, or an alternative method with at least the same level of accuracy. The pin shall be placed in the lowest point of any indentation but shall not pierce the surface. NOTE If the indentations are 5 mm or greater, it is product Type 3. EXAMPLES Including, but not limited to, some types of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces (see Figure 2).
Key 1 air filled plastic bubbles 2 reflective surface(s) Figure 2 — Example of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces 4.4 Product Type 3 A product shall be classified as Type 3 when it has irregular thickness geometry, does not have flat parallel faces, or cannot be compressed to produce flat and parallel faces without changing its core thermal properties. Product Type 3 shall not be measured in a guarded hot plate or heat flow meter apparatus. SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 10 NOTE 1 Its surfaces might or might not have indentations, the depth of which is not limited to any specific value. NOTE 2 It could include stitching or seams. A typical example would be the stitched multi-foil reflective insulation products, or sealed “pockets” or “pillows” made from reflective foil sheets, as shown in Figure 3.
Key 1 insulation layer(s) between foil – such as foam or wadding 2 welded or stitched fabrication feature 3 low emissivity external surface or surfaces 4 intermediate layers of foil Figure 3 – Example of stitched multi-foil insulation 4.5 Product Type 4 Product Type 4 is a thin film or sheet, less than 2 mm thickness, used singly or in multiple layers, which makes use of a low emissivity surface to increase the thermal resistance of adjacent or enclosed air space(s), but which has no significant thermal resistance of its own. See Figure 4.
Key Left picture: 2-layer foil system (1 and 2) with one air layer in-between Right picture: 3-layer foil system (foil layers 1, 2 and 3) with two air layers in between Figure 4 – Example of multiple layers of product Type 4 under flooring SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 11 5 Methods of assessment 5.1 General In addition to the general requirements for testing thermal performance in accordance with EN 12664, EN 12667 and EN ISO 8990, the specific requirements for mounting of specimens given in 5.4−5.8 shall also be followed. The measurement of thermal performance of reflective insulation products Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3 shall require the measurement of the thickness of the specimens. 5.2 Thickness measurement With the exception of thin single layer films or sheets, the thickness of all types of product which are in excess of 2 mm nominal declared thickness shall be determined using the procedures in !EN 823", using the lowest weight of plate permitted by the test method that substantially eliminates any air gaps !, except that the minimum weight of plate may be reduced from 50 Pa to 25 Pa". The thickness of thin films and sheets with a nominal, declared thickness of < 2 mm does not need to be measured. 5.3 !Test specimens" ! 5.3.1 Size and number of specimens The specimen size shall be appropriate to the apparatus being used. In the absence of harmonised product specifications for any product type and to permit statistical calculation of the thermal performance, a minimum of 3 samples shall be tested, taken from at least 3 different production batches wherever possible. Where a harmonised product specification exists, the rules from that standard should be followed." ! 5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation" Except for the measurement of emissivity, where special conditioning requirements exist, all test specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C. In cases of dispute, they shall be stored at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity for the time specified in any relevant harmonized product standard, or for a minimum of 6 hours. NOTE 5.7.2 specifies the procedure to be followed to determine the conditioning of specimens to be used in Hot Box measurements where the emissivity of the facing could be subject to ageing. 5.9 and Annex D specify the conditioning (ageing) requirements for specimens for emissivity measurement. In the case of products supplied in compressed form, the material shall be allowed to recover fully before conditioning for test. This shall be for a minimum of 6 hours or longer if recommended by the manufacturer. In cases of dispute, the procedure specified in EN 823:1994, Annex A shall be followed. 5.4 Determination of thermal resistance – outline Four different methods are defined in this standard. Some methods are more appropriate than others for different forms of reflective insulation materials which have been described in Clause 4 of this standard. The actual measured performance using each method gives comparable performance values. Of the four methods, three provide a measurement of thermal resistance as follows: — METHOD A: Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus meeting the requirements of ISO 8302, EN 1946-2, EN 12664 and EN 12667; SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
EN 16012:2012+A1:2015 (E) 12 — METHOD B: Heat Flow Meter Apparatus meeting the requirements of ISO 8301, EN 1946-3, EN 12664 and EN 12667; — METHOD C: Hot Box Apparatus meeting the requirements of EN ISO 8990 and EN 1946-4 (see 5.7) and the fourth method is based upon the measurement of surface emissivity: — METHOD D: Measurement of emissivity and calculation. The choice of method relevant for each product type is elaborated in 5.5–5.8, together with the flow charts in Annexes A, B and C. The surface of the material shall be assessed as given in Clause 4 to determine the appropriate product type and test method, which shall be specified in the test report. !The declared thermal resistance, RD shall be given as limit values representing at least 90 % of the production, determined with a confidence level of 90 % according to the calculation rules given in EN ISO 10456." 5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 1 5.5.1 Product thickness greater than 20 mm 5.5.1.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m²·K/W Use either: — METHOD A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus, or — METHOD B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus. 5.5.1.2 Thermal resistance expected to be 0,5 m²·K/W or less Use either: — METHOD A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus, or — METHOD B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus. In each case thermocouples shall be attached to the specimen surface (using the procedures specified in EN 12664). 5.5.2 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm 5.5.2.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m²·K/W Use either: — METHO
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