SIST EN 13445-2:2009
(Main)Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials
This Part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for materials (including clad materials) for unfired pressure vessels and supports which are covered by EN 13445-1:2009 and manufactured from metallic materials; it is currently limited to steels with sufficient ductility but it is, for components operating in the creep range, also limited to sufficiently creep ductile materials . It specifies the requirements for the selection, inspection, testing and marking of metallic materials for the fabrication of unfired pressure vessels.
Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 2: Werkstoffe
Dieser Teil dieser Europäischen Norm legt die Anforderungen an Werkstoffe (einschließlich Plattierungswerkstoffe) für unbefeuerte Druckbehälter nach EN 13445-1 aus metallischen Werkstoffen fest; die Norm ist zur Zeit auf Stähle mit ausreichender Duktilität begrenzt. Dieser Teil dieser Europäischen Norm gilt nicht im Zeitstandbereich.
ANMERKUNG Weitere Werkstoffe werden in späteren Ergänzungen aufgenommen.
Dieser Teil dieser Europäischen Norm legt die Anforderungen für die Auswahl, Inspektion, Prüfung und Kennzeichnung von metallischen Werkstoffen für die Herstellung von unbefeuerten Druckbehältern fest.
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 2 : matériaux
La présente partie 2 de la Norme EN 13445 spécifie les prescriptions relatives aux matériaux (y compris les matériaux plaqués) destinés aux récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme et aux supports, couverts par l'EN 13445-1, fabriqués à partir de matériaux métalliques ; elle est limitée actuellement aux aciers ayant une ductilité suffisante. La présente partie 2 ne s'applique pas dans le domaine du fluage.
NOTE D'autres matériaux seront ajoutés ultérieurement par amendement.
Elle spécifie les prescriptions relatives à la sélection, l'inspection, les essais et le marquage des matériaux métalliques pour la fabrication des récipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme.
La présente partie ne donne pas de dispositions relatives aux prescriptions de fabrication des récipients conçus en utilisant la conception par l'analyse - Route directe de l'annexe B de l'EN 13445-3:2002.
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 2. del: Materiali
Ta del tega evropskega standarda določa zahteve za materiale (vključno z materiali za prevleke) za neogrevane tlačne posode in nosilce, ki jih zajema standard EN 13445-1:2009 in so proizvedeni iz kovinskih materialov; trenutno je omejen na jeklo ustrezne duktilnosti, za sestavne dele v razponu tečenja pa je omejen tudi na duktilne materialne z ustreznim tečenjem. Določa zahteve za izbiranje, pregled, preskušanje in označevanje kovinskih materialov za
izdelavo neogrevane tlačne posode.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 2: WerkstoffeRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 2 : matériauxUnfired pressure vessels - Part 2: Materials23.020.30MHNOHQNHPressure vessels, gas cylindersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13445-2:2009SIST EN 13445-2:2009en,fr,de01-november-2009SIST EN 13445-2:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13445-2:2002/A5:2009SIST EN 13445-2:2002/oprA4:2006SIST EN 13445-2:2002/A3:2009SIST EN 13445-2:2002/A1:2009SIST EN 13445-2:2002/A2:20071DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13445-2July 2009ICS 23.020.30Supersedes EN 13445-2:2002
English VersionUnfired pressure vessels - Part 2: MaterialsRécipients sous pression non soumis à la flamme - Partie 2: matériauxUnbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 2: WerkstoffeThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 30 June 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels© 2009 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13445-2:2009: ESIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope.4 2 Normative references.4 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units.6 3.1 Terms and definitions.6 3.2 Symbols and units.7 4 Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts.9 4.1 General.9 4.2 Special provisions.11 4.2.1 Special properties.11 4.2.2 Design temperature above 20 °C.11 4.2.3 Prevention of brittle fracture.12 4.2.4 Design properties in the creep range.12 4.2.5 Specific requirements for steels for fasteners.12 4.3 Technical delivery conditions.13 4.3.1 European Standards.13 4.3.2 European Approval for Materials.13 4.3.3 Particular material appraisals.13 4.3.4 Clad products.13 4.3.5 Welding consumables.13 4.4 Marking.13 5 Requirements for materials to be used for non-pressure parts.14 Annex A (normative)
Grouping system for steels for pressure equipment.15 Annex B (normative)
Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture at low temperatures.17 Annex C (informative)
Procedure for determination of the weld creep strength reduction factor (WCSRF).50 Annex D (informative)
Technical delivery conditions for clad products for pressure purposes.51 Annex E (informative)
European steels for pressure purposes.55 Annex Y (informative)
Differences between EN 13445-2:2002 and EN 13445-2:2009.79 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of the EU Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.80 Bibliography.81
SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13445-2:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This European Standard consists of the following Parts: ⎯ Part 1: General. ⎯ Part 2: Materials. ⎯ Part 3: Design. ⎯ Part 4: Fabrication. ⎯ Part 5: Inspection and testing. ⎯ Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron. ⎯ CR 13445-7, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 7: Guidance on the use of conformity assessment procedures. ⎯ Part 8: Additional requirements for pressure vessels of aluminium and aluminium alloys. ⎯ CEN/TR 13445-9, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 9: Conformance of EN 13445 series to ISO 16528 This document supersedes EN 13445-2:2002. This new edition incorporates the Amendments which have been approved previously by CEN members, and the corrected pages up to Issue 36 without any further technical change. Annex Y to EN 13445-1:2009 and Annex Y to this Part provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition. Amendments to this new edition may be issued from time to time and then used immediately as alternatives to rules contained herein. It is intended to deliver a new Issue of EN 13445:2009 each year, consolidating these Amendments and including other identified corrections. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 4 1 Scope This Part of this European Standard specifies the requirements for materials (including clad materials) for unfired pressure vessels and supports which are covered by EN 13445-1:2009 and manufactured from metallic materials; it is currently limited to steels with sufficient ductility but it is, for components operating in the creep range, also limited to sufficiently creep ductile materials . It specifies the requirements for the selection, inspection, testing and marking of metallic materials for the fabrication of unfired pressure vessels.
2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 764-1:2004, Pressure equipment — Terminology — Part 1: Pressure, temperature, volume, nominal size. EN 764-2:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 2: Quantities, symbols and units. EN 764-3:2002, Pressure equipment — Part 3: Definition of parties involved. EN 1092-1:2007, Flanges and their joints — Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated — Part 1: Steel flanges EN 10002-1:2001, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature EN 10028-2:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties. EN 10028-3:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 3: Weldable fine grain steels, normalized. EN 10028-4:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 4: Nickel alloy steels with specified low temperature properties. EN 10028-5:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 5: Weldable fine grain steels, thermomechanically rolled. EN 10028-6:2003, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 6: Weldable fine grain steels, quenched and tempered. EN 10028-7:2007, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes — Part 7: Stainless steels. EN 10045-1:1990, Metallic materials — Charpy impact test — Part 1: Test method. EN 10164:2004, Steel products with improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface of the product — Technical delivery conditions. EN 10204:2004, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 5 EN 10216-3:2002, EN 10216-3:2002/A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes EN 10216-4:2002, EN 10216-4:2002/A1:2004, Seamless steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: Non-alloy and alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10217-3:2002, EN 10217-3:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 3: Alloy fine grain steel tubes. EN 10217-4:2002, EN 10217-4:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 4: Electric welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10217-6:2002, EN 10217-6:2002/A1:2005, Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes — Technical delivery conditions — Part 6: Submerged arc welded non-alloy steel tubes with specified low temperature properties. EN 10222-3:1998, Steel forgings for pressure purposes — Part 3: Nickel steels with specified low temperature properties. EN 10222-4:1998, EN 10222-4:1998/A1:2001, Steel forgings for pressures purposes — Part 4: Weldable fine grain steels with high proof strength. EN 10269:1999, EN 10269:1999/A1:2006, Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified elevated and/or low temperature properties. EN 10273:2007, Hot rolled weldable steel bars for pressure purposes with specified elevated temperature properties. EN 10291:2000, Metallic materials — Uniaxial creep testing in tension – Method of test. EN 12074:2000, Welding consumables — Quality requirements for manufacture, supply and distribution of consumables for welding and allied processes. EN 13445-1:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 1: General. EN 13445-3:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 3: Design. EN 13445-4:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 4: Fabrication. EN 13445-5:2009, Unfired pressure vessels — Part 5: Inspection and testing. EN 13479:2004, Welding consumables — General product standard for filler metals and fluxes for fusion welding of metallic materials. EN 20898-2:1993, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992) EN ISO 898-1:1999, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN ISO 2566-1:1999, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 1: Carbon and low alloy steels (ISO 2566-1:1984). EN ISO 2566-2:1999, Steel — Conversion of elongation values — Part 2: Austenitic steels (ISO 2566-2:1984). EN ISO 3506-1:1997, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 3506- 1:1997) SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 6 EN ISO 3506-2:1997, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners — Part 2: Nuts (ISO 3506-2:1997) CR ISO 15608:2000, Welding — Guidelines for a metallic material grouping system (ISO/TR 15608:2000).
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 13445-1:2009, EN 764-1:2004, EN 764-3:2002 and the following terms and definitions shall apply. 3.1.1 minimum metal temperature TM the lowest temperature determined for any of the following conditions (also see 3.1.2, 3.1.3): ⎯ normal operations; ⎯ start up and shut down procedures; ⎯ possible process upsets, such as flashings of fluid, which have an atmospheric boiling point below 0 °C; ⎯ during pressure or leak testing.
3.1.2 temperature adjustment term TS relevant to the calculation of the design reference temperature TR and is dependent on the calculated tensile membrane stress at the appropriate minimum metal temperature NOTE 1 Values for TS are given in Table B.2-12. NOTE 2 For tensile membrane stress reference is made to EN 13445-3:2009, Annex C. 3.1.3 design reference temperature TR the temperature used for determining the impact energy requirements and is determined by adding the temperature adjustment TS to the minimum metal temperature TM: TR = TM + TS 3.1.4 impact test temperature TKV the temperature at which the required impact energy has to be achieved (see clause B.2). 3.1.5 impact energy KV the energy absorbed by a sample of material when subjected to a Charpy-V-notch test in accordance with EN 10045-1:1990 3.1.6 reference thickness eB thickness of a component to be used to relate the design reference temperature TR of the component with its required impact test temperature TKV , (see Tables B.2-2 to B.2-7 and Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11). For unwelded parts the reference thickness eB is equal to the nominal wall thickness (including corrosion allowance). For welded parts the reference thickness is defined in Table B.4-1. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 7 3.1.7 weld creep strength reduction factor (WCSRF) factor to account for creep strength reduction at the weldment 3.2 Symbols and units For the purpose of this part, the symbols and units of EN 764-2:2002 apply together with those given in Table 3.2-1 and Table 3.2-2. Table 3.2-1 — Quantities for space and time Quantity Symbol Unit time t s, min, h, d, a frequency f Hz dimension any Latin letter a mm length l mm thickness e mm corrosion allowance c mm diameter d, D mm radius r, R mm area A, S mm2 volume, capacity V
mm3
b, c weight W N, kN density ρ
kg/mm3
d second moment of area Ι mm4 section modulus Z mm3 acceleration γ m/s2 plane angle any Greek letter a rad, ° a Symbols may use any lower-case letter, except for those defined elsewhere in this table. b Volume may also be given in m3 or L. c Litre "L" is a non-SI unit which may be used with SI units and their multiples. d Density may also be given in kg/m3.
SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 8 Table 3.2-2 — Mechanical quantities Quantity
a Symbol
b Unit
force F N moment M N.mm pressure p, P
bar c, MPa Temperature T °C linear expansion coefficient α μm/m°C normal stress σ MPa shear stress τ MPa nominal design stress f MPa tensile strength
Rm MPa ultimate tensile strength at temperature T Rm/T MPa yield strength Re MPa yield strength at temperature T Re/T MPa upper yield strength
ReH MPa 1 % proof strength Rp1,0 MPa 0,2 % proof strength
Rp0,2 MPa 0,2 % proof strength at temperature T Rp0,2/T MPa modulus of elasticity E MPa shear modulus G MPa Poisson's ratio υ – strain ε % elongation after fracture A % impact energy KV J hardness
HB, HV – Joint coefficient z – safety factor S – Mean 1 % creep strain limit at calculation temperature T and lifetime t p1,0/T/tR MPa Mean creep rupture strength at calculation temperature T and lifetime t m/T/tR MPa Weld creep strength reduction factor
cz - a Quantities without a temperature index normally refer to room temperature. b Some of these symbols, such as R,
f, are not part of ISO 31. c "bar" is a non-SI unit which may be used with SI units and their multiples. The unit bar shall be used on nameplates, certificates, drawings, pressure gauges and instrumentation and is always used as a gauge pressure. This is in line with the requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC.
SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 9 4 Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts 4.1 General 4.1.1 Materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts shall meet the general requirements of 4.1 and the special provisions of 4.2, if applicable. Materials for pressure bearing parts shall be ordered complying with the technical delivery conditions in 4.3. Marking of materials for pressure-bearing parts shall be performed in accordance with 4.4. Materials shall be selected to be compatible with anticipated fabrication steps and to be suitable for the internal fluid and external environment. Both normal operating conditions and transient conditions occurring during fabrication transport, testing and operation shall be taken into account when specifying the materials. NOTE 1 The requirements of 4.1 and 4.2 should also be fulfilled when technical delivery conditions are developed for European material standards, European approval of materials or particular material appraisals.
NOTE 2 When technical delivery conditions for pressure-bearing parts are developed, the structure and requirements of EN 764-4:2002 should be met. Exceptions should be technically justified. The materials shall be grouped in accordance with CR ISO 15608:2000 to relate manufacturing and inspection requirements to generic material types. NOTE 3 Materials have been allocated into these groups in accordance with their chemical composition and properties in view of manufacture and heat treatment after welding. 4.1.2 Materials for pressure-bearing parts compliant with the requirements of this European Standard shall be accompanied by inspection documents in accordance with EN 10204:2004. Certificate of specific control (3.1 or 3.2 certificate) shall be required for all steels if Design by Analysis – Direct Route according to Annex B of EN 13445-3:2009 is used. NOTE The type of inspection document should be in accordance with EN 764-5:2002 and include a declaration of compliance to the material specification. 4.1.3 The materials shall be free from surface and internal defects which can impair their intended usability. 4.1.4 Steels shall have a specified minimum elongation after fracture measured on a gauge length oSL65,5o= (4.1-1) where
So is the original cross sectional area within the gauge length. The minimum elongation after fracture in any direction shall be ≥ 14 %; However, lower elongation values may also be applied (e.g. for fasteners or castings), provided that appropriate measures are taken to compensate for these lower values and the specific requirements are verifiable. NOTE Examples for compensation: ⎯ application of higher safety factors in design; ⎯ performance of burst tests to demonstrate ductile material behaviour. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 10 4.1.5 When measured on a gauge length other than that stated in 4.1.4, the minimum elongation after fracture shall be determined by converting the elongation given in 4.1.4 in accordance with ⎯ EN ISO 2566-1:1999 for carbon and low alloy steels; ⎯ EN ISO 2566-2:1999 for austenitic steels. 4.1.6 Steels shall have a specified minimum impact energy measured on a Charpy-V-notch impact test specimen (EN 10045-1:1990) as follows: ⎯ ≥ 27 J for ferritic and 1,5 % to 5 % Ni alloy steels; ⎯ ≥ 40 J for steels of material group 8, 9.3 and 10
at a test temperature in accordance with Annex B, but not higher than 20 °C. The other requirements of Annex B shall also apply. 4.1.7 The chemical composition of steels intended for welding or forming shall not exceed the values in Table 4.1-1. Line 2 of the table refers to vessels or parts designed using Design by Analysis – Direct Route according to Annex B of EN 13445-3:2009. Exceptions shall be technically justified. Table 4.1-1 — Maximum carbon-, phosphorus- and sulphur contents for steels intended for welding or forming Maximum content of cast analysis Steel group (according to Table A-1) % C % P % S Steels (1 to 6 and 9) 0,23a 0,035 0,025 Steels (1 to 6 and 9)
when DBA – Direct Route is used c 0,20 0,025 0,015 Ferritic stainless steels (7.1) 0,08 0,040 0,015 Martensitic stainless steels (7.2) 0,06 0,040 0,015 Austenitic stainless steels (8.1) 0,08 0,045 0,015b Austenitic stainless steels (8.2) 0,10 0,035 0,015 Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels (10) 0,030 0,035 0,015 a Maximum content of product analysis 0,25 %. b For products to be machined a controlled sulphur content of 0,015 % to 0,030 % is permitted by agreement provided the resistance to corrosion is satisfied for the intended purpose. c In addition the ratio on thickness reduction (ratio of initial thickness of slab/ingot to the thickness of the final plate) shall be equal or greater than: ⎯ 4 for NL2 steels and steels of material group 9; ⎯ 3 for other materials.
SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 11 4.2 Special provisions 4.2.1 Special properties 4.2.1.1 General Where the behaviour of a material can be affected by manufacturing processes or operating conditions, to an extent that would adversely affect the safety or service life of the pressure vessel, this shall be taken into consideration when specifying material. Adverse effects may arise from: ⎯ manufacturing processes: e.g. degree of cold forming and heat treatment; ⎯ operating conditions: e.g. hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, scaling and ageing behaviour of the material after cold forming. 4.2.1.2 Lamellar tearing Where lamellar tearing due to the joint design and loading needs to be addressed, steels shall be used which have improved deformation properties perpendicular to the surface and verified in accordance with EN 10164:2004. NOTE For guidance see EN 1011-2. 4.2.2 Design temperature above 20 °C 4.2.2.1 A material shall only be used for pressure parts within the range of temperatures for which the material properties required by EN 13445-3:2009 are defined in the technical specification for the material. If the technical delivery condition does not contain the specific material values required for the allowable temperature TS the values required in EN 13445-3:2009 for the design shall be determined by linear interpolation between the two adjacent values. Values shall not be rounded up.
For other than austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steels, the specified value of ReH (Rp0,2) at room tempe-rature (RT) may be used for temperatures less than or equal to 50 °C. Interpolation between 50 °C and 100 °C shall be performed with the values of RT and 100 °C and using 20 °C as the starting point for interpolation. Above 100 °C linear interpolation shall be performed between the tabulated values given in the table. 4.2.2.2 As the impact properties may be affected by long or frequent holding of the material at elevated temperatures, it is presupposed that the temperatures and periods of exposure to elevated temperatures be recorded for review during in-service inspection. The influence of such exposure upon the lifetime expectancy shall be estimated and recorded. For operations such as drying and cleaning of pressure vessels, steels with specified low temperature properties but without elevated temperature 0,2 % proof strength values may however be used at elevated temperatures for drying and cleaning processes provided that the values of 0,2 % proof strength used in design calculations for elevated temperatures shall be obtained by multiplying the specified minimum yield strength values at 20 °C by the factor given in Table 4.2-1. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 12 Table 4.2-1 — Yield strength reduction factors for low temperature steels Temperature T Steel 100 °C 200 °C 250 °C 300 °C Quenched and tempered 0,75 0,68 0,64 0,60 Normalised or thermomechanically treated 0,70 0,58 0,53 0,48
Interpolation shall be carried out as in 4.2.2.1.
4.2.3 Prevention of brittle fracture The requirements in Annex B shall apply. 4.2.4 Design properties in the creep range 4.2.4.1 Creep properties of base material For interpolation and extrapolation of creep properties given in the materials standard, see EN 13445-3:2009, Clause 19. When creep properties are not available from a materials standard, they shall be determined using EN 10291:2000. 4.2.4.2 Creep properties of weldments Creep properties of weld joints subjected to stresses normal to the weld can differ significantly from those of the base material.
For the design of vessels in the creep range, this is taken into account in EN 13445-3:2009 by making use of a weld creep strength reduction factor cz obtained from tests on weldments. If no data are available, a default value of cz is used.
An acceptable method to determine cz by cross-weld tests is given in Annex C (see also [17]). 4.2.5 Specific requirements for steels for fasteners Fasteners include bolts, studs and nuts. Free cutting steel shall not be used. Bolting made of carbon steel or Ni alloy ferritic steel with > 3,5 % nickel shall not be used above 300 °C. The specified minimum tensile strength of bar material of ferritic and martensitic steel for bolts shall not exceed 1 000 MPa. The minimum elongation of bar material after fracture shall be at least A5 = 14 %. Impact requirements for ferritic and martensitic steels are specified in B.2.2.4.
Bolt material with a design temperature below − 160 °C shall be impact tested at − 196 °C. Hydrogen embrittlement, fatigue or relaxation properties shall be taken into account where appropriate. SIST EN 13445-2:2009
EN 13445-2:2009 (E) Issue 1 (2009-07) 13 NOTE 1 Detailed requirements on the surface condition and internal soundness of the bar can be necessary for some applications. NOTE 2 Materials for fasteners compliant with the requirements of this standard should be certified on the basis of EN 10204:2004. 4.3 Technical delivery conditions 4.3.1 European Standards The European Standards for plates, strips, bars, tubes, forgings and castings for pressure purposes shall be used. NOTE 1 Table E.2-1 provides an overview on materials for pressure purposes specified in harmonised standards. NOTE 2 Table E.1-1 contains an informative summary of European Materials Standards referred to and of European Standards covering components of pressure-bearing parts. Special provisions due to fabrication and operation shall be taken into account, if appropriate. 4.3.2 European Approval for Materials A material specified in an EMDS for pressure vessels shall only be used within its range of application and if 4.1 and 4.2 have be
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.