SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
(Main)Information and documentation - RFID in libraries - Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information and documentation - RFID in libraries - Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including academic, public, corporate,
special and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data
elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962, which uses an object identifier structure to
identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined in
ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on different
items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in
any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable
format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source of
additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
Information et documentation - RFID dans les bibliothèques - Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 2. del: Kodiranje podatkovnih elementov RFID na osnovi pravil iz ISO/IEC 15962
Ta del ISO 28560 določa podatkovni model in kodirna pravila za uporabo oznak radiofrekvenčnega razpoznavanja (RFID) za predmete, primerne za potrebe vseh vrst knjižnic (vključno z akademskimi, javnimi, v podjetjih, specialnimi in šolskimi knjižnicami). Kodirna pravila za podniz podatkovnih elementov, vzetih iz celotnega niza podatkovnih elementov, opredeljenih v ISO 28560-1, temeljijo na ISO/IEC 15962, ki uporablja strukturo identifikatorja objekta za prepoznavanje podatkovnih elementov.
Ta del ISO 28560 opredeljuje tehnične značilnosti, potrebne za kodiranje podatkovnih elementov, opredeljenih v ISO 28560-1 v skladu z ISO/IEC 15962. Ti podnizi podatkovnih elementov so lahko različni za različne predmete v isti knjižnici. Kodirna pravila tudi omogočajo, da so poljubni podatki organizirani na oznaki RFID v katerem koli zaporedju. Poleg tega kodirna pravila zagotavljajo fleksibilno kodiranje spremenljivih dolžin in formatov podatkov.
Ta del ISO 28560 navaja osnovne, na standardih zasnovane informacije o RFID v knjižnicah. Vir dodatnih informacij o izvedbenih zadevah je naveden v dodatku A.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-2
First edition
2011-04-01
Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based
on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles
de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Reference number
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems .3
5 Requirements.5
5.1 Data elements .5
5.2 RFID air interface.5
5.3 Data protocol .5
5.4 RFID readers .5
6 Data elements .6
6.1 General .6
6.2 Primary item identifier.7
6.3 Content parameter.8
6.4 Owner institution (ISIL).8
6.5 Set information .9
6.6 Type of usage .9
6.7 Shelf location .9
6.8 ONIX media format .9
6.9 MARC media format .9
6.10 Supplier identifier.9
6.11 Order number.9
6.12 ILL borrowing institution .9
6.13 ILL transaction number.10
6.14 GS1 product identifier.10
6.15 Alternative unique item identifier .10
6.16 Local data.10
6.17 Title .10
6.18 Product identifier (local) .11
6.19 Media format (other).11
6.20 Supply chain stage.11
6.21 Supplier invoice number.11
6.22 Alternative item identifier .11
6.23 Alternative owner institution.11
6.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution .11
6.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution .12
6.26 Other reserved data elements.12
7 Data encoding.12
7.1 Data protocol overview.12
7.2 Data constructs .12
7.3 ISO/IEC 15961-1 commands and responses.14
7.4 ISO/IEC 15962 encoding rules.14
8 RFID tag requirements.19
8.1 Air interface protocol .19
8.2 Air interface conformance.21
8.3 Performance.21
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
9 Data integrity, security, and privacy issues. 22
9.1 Data integrity. 22
9.2 Item security. 22
10 Implementation and migration . 23
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries . 24
Annex B (normative) Relevant ISO/IEC 15961-1 application commands . 25
Annex C (normative) Pre-encoding the ISIL. 28
Annex D (informative) Encoding examples . 33
Annex E (informative) Implementation and migration. 38
Bibliography. 41
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 28560-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID in
libraries:
⎯ Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
⎯ Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
⎯ Part 3: Fixed length encoding
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved v
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing RFID (radio frequency identification) as item identification to replace bar codes.
RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard data model
for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology within libraries
particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance support for resource
sharing between libraries.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed a data
model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published. Finland has
adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs from the Danish
and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations based on various proprietary
systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these constitute the installed base of RFID
systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from the
national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have already
invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of migration
options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with the encoding of data elements in a flexible manner using encoding rules
that are specified in ISO/IEC 15962. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and optional data elements.
ISO 28560-3 and this part of ISO 28560 are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied to a
loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this part of ISO 28560, or to the
rules of ISO 28560-3, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used, and other
features of tags that are claiming compliance with this part of ISO 28560, the reading system might achieve a
degree of interoperability.
ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. Ongoing advice needs to
be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the opportunities to migrate between
different types of legacy system and encoding rules of ISO 28560.
vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from
ISO/IEC 15962
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including academic, public, corporate,
special and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data
elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962, which uses an object identifier structure to
identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined in
ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on different
items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in
any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable
format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source of
additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management: Data
protocol — Part 1: Application interface
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general
guidelines for implementation
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access method
component of the DSFID (3.8) that is responsible for declaring the ISO/IEC 15962 compaction and encoding
rules on an RFID tag
3.2
air interface protocol
rules of communication between an RFID interrogator and the RFID tag of a particular type, covering:
frequency, modulation, bit encoding and command sets
3.3
application command
instruction issued from the application to the ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol processor in order to initiate an
action or operation with the RFID tag(s) via the interrogator
3.4
AFI
application family identifier
mechanism used in the data protocol and the air interface protocol (3.2) to select a class of RFID tags
relevant to an application, or aspect of an application, and to ignore further communications with other classes
of RFID tags with different identifiers
3.5
arc
specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object
NOTE The top three arcs of all object identifiers are compliant with ISO/IEC 9834-1, ensuring uniqueness.
3.6
data format
mechanism used in the data protocol to identify how object identifiers (3.11) are encoded on the RFID tag,
and (where possible) identify a particular data dictionary for the set of relevant object identifiers for that
application
NOTE The data format declares the Root-OID (3.13) in an efficient manner, so that a complete object identifier (3.11)
can be reconstructed for external communications.
3.7
data protocol process
implementation of the processes defined in ISO/IEC 15962, including data compaction, formatting, support of
the command/response unit, and an interface to the tag driver
3.8
DSFID
data storage format identifier
code that consists of, at least, the access method (3.1) and data format (3.6)
3.9
digital vandalism
unauthorized modification of data on an RFID tag that either renders it unusable or falsely represents another
identifier
3.10
metadata
type of data or information about data
2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
NOTE In the context of this part of ISO 28560, metadata (3.10) can be the Relative-OID (3.12) in relation to the data,
the precursor in relation to the compacted and encoded bytes, or the AFI (3.4) and DSFID (3.8) in relation to the data.
3.11
object identifier
value (distinguishable from all other such values), which is associated with an object
3.12
Relative-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the remaining arcs (3.5) after the Root-OID (3.13)
3.13
Root-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the first, second and subsequent common arcs (3.5) of a set
of object identifiers (hence the common root)
3.14
tag driver
implementation of the process to transfer data between the data protocol processor and the RFID tag
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems
4.1 Figure 1 gives an overview of the relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems. This part of
ISO 28560 defines a set of technical features while addressing a number of operational issues. This part of
ISO 28560 interfaces with four other activities, but with a clearly defined overlap. These other activities are
⎯ the circulation of library materials,
⎯ the data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers,
⎯ the inter-library loan processes, and
⎯ the details of borrowers, including membership cards.
4.2 Figure 1 also shows that there is a direct relationship with supply chain activities, and internally within
the library with RFID circulation devices and the library management system including interfaces such as SIP2
and NCIP.
As the use of RFID in libraries moves towards a more standardized approach as defined in this part of
ISO 28560, the characteristics and architecture systems will change compared to those already established.
To achieve interoperability with equipment and software, the required features include
⎯ the air interface protocol, which defines the way readers and tags communicate with one another,
⎯ the data protocol, which defines the encoding rules that convert application-based data to the encoded
bytes on the RFID tag; the data protocol also defines metadata features in the RFID tag to protect the
integrity of RFID for library systems in relation to other RFID applications,
⎯ the set of data elements that form the dictionary from which individual libraries may choose those that are
most appropriate for their operation.
4.3 By adopting this part of ISO 28560, libraries will have increased flexibility with a number of features as
follows.
⎯ Beyond the minimum of mandatory data elements defined in the standard, libraries will be able to choose
from the optional data elements those that are more appropriate to its application, even varying these for
different types of item.
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
⎯ Libraries should be able to rank the optional data elements into an appropriate order for encoding on the
RFID tag to support fast transactions across the air interface.
⎯ Libraries will have a greater choice of interoperable RFID equipment, and should be able to select RFID
tags with an appropriate size of memory.
⎯ Some degree of choice in the types of security system will become a library responsibility.
⎯ Libraries with an installed base of RFID data capture will be offered options on how to migrate to the more
open standard solution.
⎯ The library community, as a whole and through developments of this part of ISO 28560, will be provided
with future options to cope with changes within the RFID equipment as the technology develops. This
includes ensuring that new open systems applications do not corrupt the established base of RFID
systems in libraries.
Figure 1 — Relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems
4 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
5 Requirements
5.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be compliant with ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations to be
implemented whilst still complying with the basic set of data elements.
5.2 RFID air interface
5.2.1 General
The air interface for compliant tags is specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, specifically the specification for Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems may be supported
during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years as necessary.
5.2.2 Air interface conformance
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with the procedures of ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
5.2.3 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for test tag performance, these shall be done in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
5.3 Data protocol
ISO/IEC 15961-1 specifies the application commands that are used to define the communication requirements
between the application and the RFID tag. The relevant commands are described in Annex B.
The process rules of ISO/IEC 15962 shall be used to encode and decode data from the RFID tag. In particular,
the following constraints shall apply.
⎯ The only encoding rules shall be based on the No-directory access method. No alternative access
method shall be supported until this part of ISO 28560 is revised.
⎯ Both the hard coded and software encoded DSFID shall be supported, depending on the capabilities of
the RFID tag.
5.4 RFID readers
In order to achieve interoperability, RFID readers shall be based on open architecture RFID standards defined
by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee JTC 1/SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
Particular standards are specified in this part of ISO 28560. This means that any one manufacturer's
reading/writing equipment shall be able to read or write to any other manufacturer's RFID tags, and that any
manufacturer's RFID tags shall be able to be read and/or programmed by any other manufacturer's
reader/writer.
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
6 Data elements
6.1 General
The set of data elements that comprises the data dictionary for this part of ISO 28560 is fully described in
ISO 28560-1 and repeated in outline in Table 1. Only one data element is mandatory, the primary item
identifier. All others are optional, but may be selected to meet the requirements of individual libraries, and/or
for particular items.
Table 1 shows the Relative-OID value, the format for input data and advice about locking the data element as
an encoded data set on the RFID tag. A maximum length of 255 characters should apply to all data elements
that have a variable length display format.
Table 1 — List of data elements
Name of the
a
N Status Display format Lock
data element
1 Primary item identifier Mandatory Variable length alphanumeric Should be
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 International Reference locked
Version (IRV)
2 Content parameter Optional Bit mapped code (see 6.3) Optional
b
3 Owner institution (ISIL) Optional Variable length field (maximum of 16 characters) Optional
based on ISO 15511
4 Set information Optional {Total in set / part number} structure Optional
(maximum u 255)
5 Type of usage Optional Single octet (coded list) Optional
6 Shelf location Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
7 ONIX media format Optional Two uppercase alphabetic characters Optional
8 MARC media format Optional Two lowercase alphabetic characters Optional
9 Supplier identifier Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
10 Order number Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
b
11 ILL borrowing institution Optional Variable length field (maximum of 16 characters) Not locked
(ISIL) based on ISO 15511
12 ILL borrowing transaction Optional Variable length alphanumeric Not locked
number Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
13 GS1 product identifier Optional Fixed length 13 numeric digit field Optional
14 Alternative unique item Reserved — —
identifier for future
use
15 Local data A Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
16 Local data B Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
6 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Name of the
a
N Status Display format Lock
data element
17 Title Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
18 Product identifier local Optional Variable length Alphanumeric Optional
Char set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
19 Media format (other) Optional Single octet (coded list) Optional
20 Supply chain stage Optional Single octet (coded list) Optional
21 Supplier invoice number Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
22 Alternative item identifier Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
23 Alternative owner Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
institution Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
24 Subsidiary of an owner Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
institution Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
25 Alternative ILL borrowing Optional Variable length alphanumeric Not locked
institution Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
26 Local data C Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
27 Not defined Reserved — —
for future
use
28 Not defined
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
01-september-2011
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 2. del: Kodiranje podatkovnih
elementov RFID na osnovi pravil iz ISO/IEC 15962
Information and documentation - RFID in libraries - Part 2: Encoding of RFID data
elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation - RFID dans les bibliothèques - Partie 2: Encodage des
éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 28560-2:2011
ICS:
35.040 Nabori znakov in kodiranje Character sets and
informacij information coding
35.240.30 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in information,
informatiki, dokumentiranju in documentation and
založništvu publishing
SIST ISO 28560-2:2011 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-2
First edition
2011-04-01
Information and documentation — RFID
in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based
on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 2: Encodage des éléments de données RFID fondé sur les règles
de l'ISO/CEI 15962
Reference number
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
©
ISO 2011
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction.vi
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems .3
5 Requirements.5
5.1 Data elements .5
5.2 RFID air interface.5
5.3 Data protocol .5
5.4 RFID readers .5
6 Data elements .6
6.1 General .6
6.2 Primary item identifier.7
6.3 Content parameter.8
6.4 Owner institution (ISIL).8
6.5 Set information .9
6.6 Type of usage .9
6.7 Shelf location .9
6.8 ONIX media format .9
6.9 MARC media format .9
6.10 Supplier identifier.9
6.11 Order number.9
6.12 ILL borrowing institution .9
6.13 ILL transaction number.10
6.14 GS1 product identifier.10
6.15 Alternative unique item identifier .10
6.16 Local data.10
6.17 Title .10
6.18 Product identifier (local) .11
6.19 Media format (other).11
6.20 Supply chain stage.11
6.21 Supplier invoice number.11
6.22 Alternative item identifier .11
6.23 Alternative owner institution.11
6.24 Subsidiary of an owner institution .11
6.25 Alternative ILL borrowing institution .12
6.26 Other reserved data elements.12
7 Data encoding.12
7.1 Data protocol overview.12
7.2 Data constructs .12
7.3 ISO/IEC 15961-1 commands and responses.14
7.4 ISO/IEC 15962 encoding rules.14
8 RFID tag requirements.19
8.1 Air interface protocol .19
8.2 Air interface conformance.21
8.3 Performance.21
© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
9 Data integrity, security, and privacy issues. 22
9.1 Data integrity. 22
9.2 Item security. 22
10 Implementation and migration . 23
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries . 24
Annex B (normative) Relevant ISO/IEC 15961-1 application commands . 25
Annex C (normative) Pre-encoding the ISIL. 28
Annex D (informative) Encoding examples . 33
Annex E (informative) Implementation and migration. 38
Bibliography. 41
iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
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International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
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International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
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rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 28560-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
ISO 28560 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information and documentation — RFID in
libraries:
⎯ Part 1: Data elements and general guidelines for implementation
⎯ Part 2: Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from ISO/IEC 15962
⎯ Part 3: Fixed length encoding
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing RFID (radio frequency identification) as item identification to replace bar codes.
RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. A standard data model
for encoding information on RFID tags could increase the cost-effectiveness of the technology within libraries
particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment, and enhance support for resource
sharing between libraries.
Several countries have undertaken preliminary work on standardization. The Netherlands developed a data
model for public libraries and in Denmark “RFID Data Model for Libraries” has been published. Finland has
adopted the Danish model, but with a few changes. There is a French data model that differs from the Danish
and Dutch models. Other libraries in different parts of the world have installations based on various proprietary
systems offered by technology and library system suppliers. All of these constitute the installed base of RFID
systems, but only account for a small minority of the total of libraries globally.
There is an opportunity to develop a standard data model, taking into account the lessons learned from the
national schemes and vendor solutions, and provide migration options for those libraries that have already
invested in the technology. Because new items are continually being purchased, a number of migration
options can be adopted based on factors relevant to each library.
This part of ISO 28560 deals with the encoding of data elements in a flexible manner using encoding rules
that are specified in ISO/IEC 15962. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and optional data elements.
ISO 28560-3 and this part of ISO 28560 are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied to a
loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this part of ISO 28560, or to the
rules of ISO 28560-3, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used, and other
features of tags that are claiming compliance with this part of ISO 28560, the reading system might achieve a
degree of interoperability.
ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. Ongoing advice needs to
be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the opportunities to migrate between
different types of legacy system and encoding rules of ISO 28560.
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SIST ISO 28560-2:2011
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-2:2011(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 2:
Encoding of RFID data elements based on rules from
ISO/IEC 15962
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560 specifies a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including academic, public, corporate,
special and school libraries). The rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data
elements defined in ISO 28560-1 are based on ISO/IEC 15962, which uses an object identifier structure to
identify data elements.
This part of ISO 28560 defines the technical characteristics required to encode the data elements defined in
ISO 28560-1 in accordance with ISO/IEC 15962. These subsets of data elements can be different on different
items in the same library. The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in
any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable
format data.
This part of ISO 28560 provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. A source of
additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 15961-1, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management: Data
protocol — Part 1: Application interface
ISO/IEC 15962, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management — Data
protocol: data encoding rules and logical memory functions
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 3:
Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC TR 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 1: Data elements and general
guidelines for implementation
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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access method
component of the DSFID (3.8) that is responsible for declaring the ISO/IEC 15962 compaction and encoding
rules on an RFID tag
3.2
air interface protocol
rules of communication between an RFID interrogator and the RFID tag of a particular type, covering:
frequency, modulation, bit encoding and command sets
3.3
application command
instruction issued from the application to the ISO/IEC 15962 data protocol processor in order to initiate an
action or operation with the RFID tag(s) via the interrogator
3.4
AFI
application family identifier
mechanism used in the data protocol and the air interface protocol (3.2) to select a class of RFID tags
relevant to an application, or aspect of an application, and to ignore further communications with other classes
of RFID tags with different identifiers
3.5
arc
specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object
NOTE The top three arcs of all object identifiers are compliant with ISO/IEC 9834-1, ensuring uniqueness.
3.6
data format
mechanism used in the data protocol to identify how object identifiers (3.11) are encoded on the RFID tag,
and (where possible) identify a particular data dictionary for the set of relevant object identifiers for that
application
NOTE The data format declares the Root-OID (3.13) in an efficient manner, so that a complete object identifier (3.11)
can be reconstructed for external communications.
3.7
data protocol process
implementation of the processes defined in ISO/IEC 15962, including data compaction, formatting, support of
the command/response unit, and an interface to the tag driver
3.8
DSFID
data storage format identifier
code that consists of, at least, the access method (3.1) and data format (3.6)
3.9
digital vandalism
unauthorized modification of data on an RFID tag that either renders it unusable or falsely represents another
identifier
3.10
metadata
type of data or information about data
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NOTE In the context of this part of ISO 28560, metadata (3.10) can be the Relative-OID (3.12) in relation to the data,
the precursor in relation to the compacted and encoded bytes, or the AFI (3.4) and DSFID (3.8) in relation to the data.
3.11
object identifier
value (distinguishable from all other such values), which is associated with an object
3.12
Relative-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the remaining arcs (3.5) after the Root-OID (3.13)
3.13
Root-OID
particular object identifier (3.11) that constitutes the first, second and subsequent common arcs (3.5) of a set
of object identifiers (hence the common root)
3.14
tag driver
implementation of the process to transfer data between the data protocol processor and the RFID tag
4 Applicability and relationship with other systems
4.1 Figure 1 gives an overview of the relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems. This part of
ISO 28560 defines a set of technical features while addressing a number of operational issues. This part of
ISO 28560 interfaces with four other activities, but with a clearly defined overlap. These other activities are
⎯ the circulation of library materials,
⎯ the data requirements of publishers, printers and other suppliers,
⎯ the inter-library loan processes, and
⎯ the details of borrowers, including membership cards.
4.2 Figure 1 also shows that there is a direct relationship with supply chain activities, and internally within
the library with RFID circulation devices and the library management system including interfaces such as SIP2
and NCIP.
As the use of RFID in libraries moves towards a more standardized approach as defined in this part of
ISO 28560, the characteristics and architecture systems will change compared to those already established.
To achieve interoperability with equipment and software, the required features include
⎯ the air interface protocol, which defines the way readers and tags communicate with one another,
⎯ the data protocol, which defines the encoding rules that convert application-based data to the encoded
bytes on the RFID tag; the data protocol also defines metadata features in the RFID tag to protect the
integrity of RFID for library systems in relation to other RFID applications,
⎯ the set of data elements that form the dictionary from which individual libraries may choose those that are
most appropriate for their operation.
4.3 By adopting this part of ISO 28560, libraries will have increased flexibility with a number of features as
follows.
⎯ Beyond the minimum of mandatory data elements defined in the standard, libraries will be able to choose
from the optional data elements those that are more appropriate to its application, even varying these for
different types of item.
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⎯ Libraries should be able to rank the optional data elements into an appropriate order for encoding on the
RFID tag to support fast transactions across the air interface.
⎯ Libraries will have a greater choice of interoperable RFID equipment, and should be able to select RFID
tags with an appropriate size of memory.
⎯ Some degree of choice in the types of security system will become a library responsibility.
⎯ Libraries with an installed base of RFID data capture will be offered options on how to migrate to the more
open standard solution.
⎯ The library community, as a whole and through developments of this part of ISO 28560, will be provided
with future options to cope with changes within the RFID equipment as the technology develops. This
includes ensuring that new open systems applications do not corrupt the established base of RFID
systems in libraries.
Figure 1 — Relationship of this part of ISO 28560 with other systems
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5 Requirements
5.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be compliant with ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations to be
implemented whilst still complying with the basic set of data elements.
5.2 RFID air interface
5.2.1 General
The air interface for compliant tags is specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, specifically the specification for Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems may be supported
during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years as necessary.
5.2.2 Air interface conformance
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with the procedures of ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
5.2.3 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for test tag performance, these shall be done in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
5.3 Data protocol
ISO/IEC 15961-1 specifies the application commands that are used to define the communication requirements
between the application and the RFID tag. The relevant commands are described in Annex B.
The process rules of ISO/IEC 15962 shall be used to encode and decode data from the RFID tag. In particular,
the following constraints shall apply.
⎯ The only encoding rules shall be based on the No-directory access method. No alternative access
method shall be supported until this part of ISO 28560 is revised.
⎯ Both the hard coded and software encoded DSFID shall be supported, depending on the capabilities of
the RFID tag.
5.4 RFID readers
In order to achieve interoperability, RFID readers shall be based on open architecture RFID standards defined
by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee JTC 1/SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
Particular standards are specified in this part of ISO 28560. This means that any one manufacturer's
reading/writing equipment shall be able to read or write to any other manufacturer's RFID tags, and that any
manufacturer's RFID tags shall be able to be read and/or programmed by any other manufacturer's
reader/writer.
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6 Data elements
6.1 General
The set of data elements that comprises the data dictionary for this part of ISO 28560 is fully described in
ISO 28560-1 and repeated in outline in Table 1. Only one data element is mandatory, the primary item
identifier. All others are optional, but may be selected to meet the requirements of individual libraries, and/or
for particular items.
Table 1 shows the Relative-OID value, the format for input data and advice about locking the data element as
an encoded data set on the RFID tag. A maximum length of 255 characters should apply to all data elements
that have a variable length display format.
Table 1 — List of data elements
Name of the
a
N Status Display format Lock
data element
1 Primary item identifier Mandatory Variable length alphanumeric Should be
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 International Reference locked
Version (IRV)
2 Content parameter Optional Bit mapped code (see 6.3) Optional
b
3 Owner institution (ISIL) Optional Variable length field (maximum of 16 characters) Optional
based on ISO 15511
4 Set information Optional {Total in set / part number} structure Optional
(maximum u 255)
5 Type of usage Optional Single octet (coded list) Optional
6 Shelf location Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
7 ONIX media format Optional Two uppercase alphabetic characters Optional
8 MARC media format Optional Two lowercase alphabetic characters Optional
9 Supplier identifier Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
10 Order number Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
b
11 ILL borrowing institution Optional Variable length field (maximum of 16 characters) Not locked
(ISIL) based on ISO 15511
12 ILL borrowing transaction Optional Variable length alphanumeric Not locked
number Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV
13 GS1 product identifier Optional Fixed length 13 numeric digit field Optional
14 Alternative unique item Reserved — —
identifier for future
use
15 Local data A Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
16 Local data B Optional Variable length alphanumeric Optional
Character set = ISO/IEC 646 IRV, or ISO/IEC 8859-1,
or UTF-8
6 ©
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