SIST EN 15751:2014
(Main)Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
EN 15751 specifies a test method for the determination of the oxidation stability of fuels for diesel engines, by means of measuring the induction period of the fuel up to 48 h. The method is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) intended for the use as pure biofuel or as a blending component for diesel fuels, and to blends of FAME with diesel fuel containing 2 % (V/V) of FAME at minimum.
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) Kraftstoff und Mischungen mit Dieselkraftstoff - Bestimmung der Oxidationsstabilität mit beschleunigtem Oxidationstest
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Oxidationsstabilität von Kraftstoff für Dieselmotoren mittels Messung der Induktionszeit des Kraftstoffs bis zu 48 h fest. Dieses Verfahren gilt für Fettsäure¬methylester (FAME), welche zur Anwendung als reine Biokraftstoffe oder als Blendkomponente für Dieselkraftstoffe gedacht sind, und für Mischungen von FAME mit Dieselkraftstoff, die mindestens 2 % (V/V) FAME enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 EN 14112 [1] beschreibt ein ähnliches Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Oxidationsstabilität von reinem Fettsäuremethylester (siehe Einleitung zu dieser Europäischen Norm).
ANMERKUNG 2 Für Induktionszeiten über 48 h wird die Genauigkeit nicht durch die angegebene Präzision dieses Verfahrens abgedeckt. Die Grenzwerte der relevanten Kraftstoffnormen liegen innerhalb des Anwendungsbereiches dieses Verfahrens.
ANMERKUNG 3 Die Gegenwart von Zündwilligkeitsverbesserern kann die Oxidationsstabilität, die mithilfe dieses Verfahrens bestimmt wurde, verringern. Begrenzte Untersuchungen mit EHN (2-Ethylhexylnitrat) wiesen darauf hin, dass sich die Stabilität verringert, wobei das Maß der Veränderung innerhalb der Vergleichbarkeit dieses Prüfverfahrens liegt.
ANMERKUNG 4 Für die Zwecke dieser Europäischen Norm wird zur Angabe des Volumenanteils einer Substanz () der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.
Carburants automotives - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) et mélanges avec gazole - Détermination de la stabilité à l'oxydation par méthode d'oxydation accélérée
Cette Norme européenne spécifie une méthode d’essai pour déterminer la stabilité à l’oxydation des carburants pour les moteurs diesel par la mesure de la période d’induction du carburant jusqu’à 48 h. Cette méthode est applicable aux esters méthyliques d’acides gras (EMAG), utilisés comme biocarburant pur ou comme une base de mélange pour les gazoles, et aux mélanges d’EMAG avec du carburant diesel contenant au minimum 2 % (V/V) d’EMAG.
NOTE 1 L’EN 14112 [1] décrit une méthode d’essai similaire pour déterminer la stabilité à l’oxydation des EMAG, purs, (voir l’Introduction à cette Norme européenne).
NOTE 2 Pour des périodes d’induction supérieures à 48 h, les valeurs de fidélité établies dans cette méthode ne s’appliquent pas. Les valeurs limite des normes de carburants concernés sont bien comprises dans le domaine d’application de cette méthode d’essai.
NOTE 3 La présence d’améliorateur de cétane peut réduire la stabilité à l’oxydation déterminée au moyen de cette méthode. Des études limitées avec du EHN (nitrate de 2-éthyl hexyle) ont montré, cependant, que la stabilité est réduite dans une proportion qui est inférieure à la reproductibilité de la méthode.
NOTE 4 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, l’expression «% (V/V)» représente la fraction volumique, φ, du produit.
Goriva za motorna vozila - Metilni estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) goriv in mešanice z dizelskim gorivom - Ugotavljanje oksidativne stabilnosti z metodo pospešene oksidacije
Standard EN 15751 navaja preskusno metodo za ugotavljanje oksidativne stabilnosti goriv za dizelske motorje z merjenjem indukcijskega časa goriva do 48 ur. Metoda se uporablja za metilne estre maščobnih kislin (FAME), ki so namenjeni za uporabo kot čisto biogorivo ali kot komponenta za mešanje z dizelskimi gorivi, in za mešanice metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin z dizelskim gorivom, ki vsebujejo najmanj 2 % (V/V) metilnih estrov maščobnih kislin.
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.RNVLGDFLMHKraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) Kraftstoff und Mischungen mit Dieselkraftstoff - Bestimmung der Oxidationsstabilität mit beschleunigtem OxidationstestCarburants automotives - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) et mélanges avec gazole - Détermination de la stabilité à l'oxydation par méthode d'oxydation accéléréeAutomotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method75.160.20Liquid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15751:2014SIST EN 15751:2014en,fr,de01-junij-2014SIST EN 15751:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15751:20091DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15751:2014
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15751
March 2014 ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 15751:2009English Version
Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method
Carburants pour automobiles - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) et mélanges avec du gazole - Détermination de la stabilité à l'oxydation par méthode d'oxydation accélérée
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Kraftstoff Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) und Mischungen mit Dieselkraftstoff - Bestimmung der Oxidationsstabilität (beschleunigtes Oxidationsverfahren) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 December 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15751:2014 ESIST EN 15751:2014
EN 15751:2014 (E) 2
Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle .5 5 Reagents and materials .6 6 Apparatus .6 7 Sampling .7 8 Preparation of measurement .8 8.1 Preparation of test sample .8 8.2 Preparation of apparatus .8 9 Measurement . 10 10 Calculation and evaluation . 13 10.1 Automatic evaluation . 13 10.2 Manual evaluation . 14 11 Expression of results . 14 12 Precision . 14 12.1 General . 14 12.2 Repeatability, r . 14 12.3 Reproducibility, R . 14 13 Test report . 15 Annex A (informative)
Background of the method . 16 Bibliography . 17
SIST EN 15751:2014
EN 15751:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15751:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15751:2009. Significant changes between this document and EN 15751:2009 are: a) the limitation of the scope of the method to a maximum induction period of 48 h, reflecting the precision range of the method, b) indication of a potential alteration of the induction period in the presence of cetane enhancers, c) inclusion of the results of a short applicability check on non-petroleum based (such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or hydrotreatment process originated) diesel type of fuels (see Introduction), d) editorial changes in order to clarify the test procedure. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15751:2014
EN 15751:2014 (E) 4
Introduction This document is based on EN 14112 [1], which was specifically adapted for the determination of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This method had been developed under CEN/TC 307 (Fats and oils). At the time of development the method was applicable for FAME fuel according to EN 14214 [2], but questions remained on the accuracy towards blends of FAME and diesel fuel. The modifications to EN 14112 as given in this document, allow application of this test method for oxidation stability for pure FAME and diesel/FAME blends at various levels. The goal was to have one single test method for FAME fuel, diesel/FAME blends and pure diesel fuels. Although the modifications cover FAME fuel and diesel/FAME blends, CEN/TC 307 decided that it was better to retain EN 14112 for methyl esters and publish a separate standard for all automotive fuel and heating oil applications, as the use of 'diesel and diesel blends' falls out the scope of CEN/TC 307. While developing the fuels specification for paraffinic diesel fuel, three labs executed a small test on neat fuel and on 7 % (V/V) FAME blend based on product originating from both Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and hydrotreatment process. No indications towards a different interaction with the methodology of this document were found, so it was concluded that the stability of these paraffinic diesel fuels can be determined with the test method described in this document. The stability of these products usually is that high that the results do not match the scope of this European Standard. The modifications required a new validation covering pure FAME, diesel/FAME blends and pure diesel fuels which resulted in the fact that the method is not suitable for pure petroleum-based diesel fuels. SIST EN 15751:2014
EN 15751:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the oxidation stability of fuels for diesel engines, by means of measuring the induction period of the fuel up to 48 h. The method is applicable to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) intended for the use as pure biofuel or as a blending component for diesel fuels, and to blends of FAME with diesel fuel containing 2 % (V/V) of FAME at minimum. NOTE 1 EN 14112 [1] describes a similar test method for oxidation stability determination of pure fatty acid methyl esters (see the Introduction to this European Standard). NOTE 2 For induction periods higher than 48 h the precision is not covered by the precision statement of this method. The limit values of the relevant fuel standards are well within the scope of this test method. NOTE 3 The presence of cetane improver can reduce the oxidation stability determined by this test method. Limited studies with EHN (2-ethyl hexyl nitrate) indicated, however, that the stability is reduced to an extent which is within the reproducibility of the test method. NOTE 4 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (3) of a material. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170) EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 induction period time which passes between the moment when the measurement is started and the moment when the formation of oxidation products begins to increase rapidly 3.2 oxidation stability induction period determined according to the procedure specified in this European Standard, expressed in hours 4 Principle A stream of purified air is passed through the sample which has been heated to the target temperature which is 110 °C in the usual application of the method. Volatile compounds are formed during the oxidation process. They are, passed together with the air into a flask containing demineralised or distilled water, equipped with a conductivity electrode. The electrode is connected to a measuring and recording device. It indicates the end of the induction period by rapid increase of the conductivity due to the dissociation of volatile carboxylic acids produced during the oxidation process and absorbed in the water. For more details on the background of the method, see Annex A. SIST EN 15751:2014
EN 15751:2014 (E) 6
5 Reagents and materials Use only reagents of analytical grade and distilled or demineralised water [3]. 5.1 Ternary solvent mixture, consisting of methanol/toluene/acetone 1:1:1 (by volume) 5.2 Alkaline laboratory glass cleaning solution 5.3 2-Propanol 6 Apparatus Usual laboratory equipment and glassware, together with the following: 6.1 Device for the determination of oxidation stability, comprising the following parts (see Figures 1 and 2). NOTE An instrument for determining the oxidation stability is commercially available under the trade name Rancimat®, (model 743 or higher, from Metrohm AG, Herisau, Switzerland) or OSI® Instrument (from Omnion Inc., Rockland, Massachusetts, USA)1). 6.1.1 Air filter, comprising a tube fitted with filter paper at the ends and filled with a molecular sieve (6.6), connected to the suction end of a pump. 6.1.2 Gas membrane pump, with an adjustable flow rate of (10 ± 1,0) l/h. 6.1.3 Reaction vessels of borosilicate glass, provided with a sealing cap. The length of the reaction vessel depends on the measuring equipment and shall exceed the depth of the oven by at least 130 mm, in order to reduce evaporation losses to a minimum by condensing, volatile fuel components at the cold vessel walls outside the oven. EXAMPLE Total length of the test tube for the Metrohm Rancimat 743 L = 250 mm, for the Omnion OSI Instrument L = 300 mm. The sealing cap shall be fitted with a gas inlet and outlet tube. A few centimetres below the top, the vessel shall preferably have a slightly reduced inner diameter in order to break any emerging foam. An artificial foam blocker (e.g. glass ring) may also be used for this purpose. 6.1.4 Closed measurement cells, of approximately 150 ml capacity, with a gas inlet tube extending to the bottom inside of the vessel. The cell shall have ventilation holes at the top. 6.1.5 Electrodes, for measuring conductivity within a range of 0 µS/cm to 300 µS/cm aligned with the dimensions of the measurement cell (6.1.4). 6.1.6 Measuring and recording apparatus, comprising: a) an amplifier, and b) a recorder registering the sig
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