SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
(Main)Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2013)
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2013)
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the manual and automated closed-cup flash point of combustible liquids having flash points between –30,0 °C to 75,0 °C . However, the precision given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range −8,5 °C to 75,0 °C. This International Standard is not applicable to water-borne paints.
NOTE 1 Water-borne paints can be tested using ISO 3679.[3]
NOTE 2 See 9.1 for the importance of this test in avoiding loss of volatile materials. NOTE 3 Liquids containing halogenated compounds can give anomalous results. NOTE 4 The thermometer specified for the manual apparatus limits the upper test temperature to 70,0 °C.
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit geschlossenem Tiegel nach Abel (ISO 13736:2013)
Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren für die manuelle und automatische Bestimmung des Flamm-punktes von brennbaren Flüssigkeiten im geschlossenen Tiegel fest, deren Flammpunkt zwischen 30,0 °C und mindestens 75,0 °C liegt. Die Präzisionsangaben für dieses Verfahren gelten jedoch nur für den Flamm-punktbereich von 8,5 °C bis 75,0 °C.
Diese Internationale Norm ist nicht anwendbar auf Wasserlacke.
ANMERKUNG 1 Wasserlacke können nach ISO 3679 [3] geprüft werden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Siehe 9.1 hinsichtlich der Bedeutung dieser Prüfung, den Verlust an flüchtigen Bestandteilen zu vermeiden.
ANMERKUNG 3 Flüssigkeiten, die halogenierte Verbindungen enthalten, können anormale Ergebnisse liefern.
ANMERKUNG 4 Das für das manuelle Flammpunktprüfgerät festgelegte Thermometer begrenzt die obere Prüftemperatur auf 70,0 °C.
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos (ISO 13736:2013)
L'ISO 13736:2013 spécifie une méthode manuelle et automatisée de détermination du point d'éclair en vase clos des combustibles liquides dont les points d'éclair sont compris entre −30,0 °C et 75,0 °C. La fidélité donnée pour la méthode ne s'applique toutefois qu'aux points d'éclair compris entre −8,5 °C et 75,0 °C.
L'ISO 13736:2013 n'est pas applicable aux peintures à base d'eau.
Določevanje plamenišča - Metoda z zaprto posodo po Abelu (ISO 13736:2013)
Ta mednarodni standard navaja metodo za določevanje plamenišča gorljivih tekočin s plamenišči od –30,0 °C do 75,0 °C z ročno in samodejno metodo z zaprto posodo. Vendar je navedena natančnost za to metodo veljavna le za plamenišča v razponu od –8,5 °C do 75,0 °C. Ta mednarodni standard se ne uporablja za barve na vodni osnovi.
OPOMBA 1 Barve na vodni osnovi se lahko preskusijo z uporabo standarda ISO 3679.[3]
OPOMBA 2 V točki 9.1 je pojasnjen pomen tega preskusa za preprečevanje izgube hlapnih materialov. OPOMBA 3 Pri tekočinah, ki vsebujejo halogenske zmesi, so rezultati lahko nepravilni. OPOMBA 4 Termometer, opredeljen za ročni aparat, omejuje najvišjo preskusno temperaturo na 70,0 °C.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
01-junij-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 13736:2008
'RORþHYDQMHSODPHQLãþD0HWRGD]]DSUWRSRVRGRSR$EHOX ,62
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO 13736:2013)
Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit geschlossenem Tiegel nach Abel (ISO
13736:2013)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos (ISO 13736:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13736:2013
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
SIST EN ISO 13736:2013 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13736
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2013
ICS 75.080 Supersedes EN ISO 13736:2008
English Version
Determination of flash point - Abel closed-cup method (ISO
13736:2013)
Détermination du point d'éclair - Méthode Abel en vase clos Bestimmung des Flammpunktes - Verfahren mit
(ISO 13736:2013) geschlossenem Tiegel nach Abel (ISO 13736:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 February 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13736:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
EN ISO 13736:2013 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
EN ISO 13736:2013 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13736:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28 "Petroleum
products and lubricants" in collaboration Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels,
lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin” the secretariat of which is held by
NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13736:2008.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13736:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13736:2013 without any modification.
3
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13736
Third edition
2013-04-15
Determination of flash point — Abel
closed-cup method
Détermination du point d’éclair — Méthode Abel en vase clos
Reference number
ISO 13736:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Chemicals and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
7 Apparatus preparation . 3
7.1 Location of the apparatus . 3
7.2 Cleaning the test cup . 3
7.3 Apparatus examination . 3
7.4 Heating/cooling . 3
7.5 Apparatus verification . 4
8 Sampling . 4
9 Sample handling . 4
9.1 General . 4
9.2 Storage prior to testing . 4
9.3 Sample preparation . 4
10 Procedure. 5
11 Calculation . 6
12 Expression of results . 6
13 Precision . 6
13.1 General . 6
13.2 Repeatability, r .7
13.3 Reproducibility, R .7
14 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Abel flash point apparatus . 8
Annex B (normative) Positioning and fixing of test cup and heating vessel thermometers into
thermometer collar .16
Annex C (normative) Thermometer specifications .18
Annex D (informative) Apparatus verification .20
Bibliography .23
© ISO 2013 – All rights reserved iii
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13736:2008), which has been
technically revised.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
Introduction
Flash point values can be used in shipping, storage, handling and safety regulations, as a classification
property to define “flammable” and “combustible” materials. Precise definition of the classes is given in
each particular regulation.
A flash point value can indicate the presence of highly volatile material(s) in a relatively non-volatile or
non-flammable material, and flash point testing can be a preliminary step to other investigations into
the composition of unknown materials.
Flash point determinations are not appropriate for potentially unstable, decomposable, or explosive
materials, unless previously established that heating the specified quantity of such materials in contact
with the metallic components of the flash point apparatus, within the temperature range required for
the method, does not induce decomposition, explosion or other adverse effects.
Flash point values are not a constant physical-chemical property of materials tested. They are a function
of the apparatus design, the condition of the apparatus used, and the operational procedure carried
out. Flash point can therefore be defined only in terms of a standard test method, and no general valid
correlation can be guaranteed between results obtained by different test methods or with test apparatus
different from that specified.
[1] [2]
ISO/TR 29662 (CEN/TR 15138 ) gives useful advice on carrying out flash point tests and
interpreting results.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13736:2013(E)
Determination of flash point — Abel closed-cup method
CAUTION — The use of this International Standard can involve hazardous materials and
equipment. This International Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the manual and automated
closed-cup flash point of combustible liquids having flash points between –30,0 °C to 75,0 °C . However,
the precision given for this method is only valid for flash points in the range −8,5 °C to 75,0 °C.
This International Standard is not applicable to water-borne paints.
[3]
NOTE 1 Water-borne paints can be tested using ISO 3679.
NOTE 2 See 9.1 for the importance of this test in avoiding loss of volatile materials.
NOTE 3 Liquids containing halogenated compounds can give anomalous results.
NOTE 4 The thermometer specified for the manual apparatus limits the upper test temperature to 70,0 °C.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document
and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling
ISO 15528, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes — Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
flash point
lowest temperature of the test portion, corrected to a barometric pressure of 101,3 kPa, at which
application of an ignition source causes the vapour of the test portion to ignite and the flame to propagate
across the surface of the liquid under the specified conditions of test
4 Principle
The test portion is placed in the test cup of an Abel apparatus and heated to give a constant temperature
increase with continuous stirring. An ignition source is directed through an opening in the test cup cover
at regular temperature intervals with simultaneous interruption of stirring. The lowest temperature at
which application of the ignition source causes the vapours of the test portion to ignite and propagate
over the surface of the liquid is recorded as the flash point at the ambient barometric pressure. The
temperature is corrected to standard atmospheric pressure using an equation.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
5 Chemicals and materials
5.1 Cleaning solvent, for the removal of traces of sample from the test cup and cover.
NOTE The choice of solvent depends upon the previous material tested, and the tenacity of the residue.
Low volatility aromatic (benzene-free) solvents can be used to remove traces of oil, and mixed solvents can be
efficacious for the removal of gum-type deposits.
5.2 Coolant, water, ethanediol (ethylene glycol), glycerol or silicone oil (optional), for use in an external
cooling bath (6.5) or in the Abel apparatus (see 6.1).
5.3 Lubricant (optional), to reduce the formation of ice crystals on the cover and shutter mechanism
when carrying out tests at temperatures below 5,0 °C (see 7.4.3, Note 1).
5.4 Verification liquids, as described in Annex D.
5.5 Ignitor and pilot light gas, which may be propane, butane or natural gas (not required if an electric
ignitor is used).
6 Apparatus
6.1 Flash point apparatus, as specified in Annex A.
If automated equipment is used, ensure that the test cup and cover assembly conform to the key dimensions
specified in A.2 and that the procedure described in Clause 10 is followed. The user shall ensure that all
of the manufacturer’s instructions for adjusting and operating the instrument are followed.
In cases of dispute, unless explicitly agreed otherwise, the manual determination of the flash point,
using a flame ignition source, shall be considered the reference test.
6.2 Thermometers.
6.2.1 Test cup thermometer, conforming to the specification given in Annex C.
6.2.2 Heating vessel thermometer, conforming to the specification given in Annex C.
NOTE Other types of temperature-measuring device can be used, provided that they meet the requirements
for accuracy and have the same response as the thermometers specified in Annex C.
6.3 Timing device, stopwatch or electronic timer with an accuracy better than 5 %.
6.4 Barometer, absolute pressure reading, accurate to 0,5 kPa. Barometers pre-corrected to give sea-
level readings, such as those used at weather stations and airports, shall not be used.
6.5 External cooling bath (optional), for assisting in the cooling of the Abel apparatus and test sample
(see 7.4.1 and 7.4.2).
6.6 Test cup thermal insulating cap (optional), to reduce the formation of ice crystals on the cup and
cover assembly during sub-ambient testing.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
7 Apparatus preparation
7.1 Location of the apparatus
Support the Abel apparatus (6.1) on a level and steady surface in a draught-free position.
NOTE 1 When draughts cannot be avoided, it is good practice to surround the apparatus with a shield.
NOTE 2 When testing materials that produce toxic vapours, the apparatus should be located in a fume hood
with an individual control of air flow, adjusted such that vapours can be withdrawn without causing air currents
around the test cup during the test.
7.2 Cleaning the test cup
Wash the test cup with an appropriate solvent (5.1) to remove any traces of gum or residue remaining
from a previous test. Dry using a stream of clean air to ensure complete removal of the solvent used.
7.3 Apparatus examination
Examine the test cup, the cover and other parts to ensure that they are free from signs of damage and
deposits. If any damage is found, either rectify the problem or, if this is not possible, obtain a replacement.
If deposits are found remove them.
7.4 Heating/cooling
7.4.1 Liquid baths
Use water or, for less than or near 0 °C bath temperatures, use a mixture of equal volumes of ethanediol (5.2)
and water, or glycerol (5.2) and water, or silicone oil, or other suitable liquids, to completely fill the
heating vessel and to fill the inner air chamber that surrounds the test cup to a depth of at least 38 mm.
Adjust the temperature of the heating vessel using an external cooling bath (6.5) if required, to at least
9,0 °C below the expected flash or to –35 °C, whichever is the higher.
7.4.2 Solid metal baths
Follow the manufacturers’ instructions to adjust the temperature of the bath to at least 9,0 °C below the
expected flash point or to –35 °C, whichever is the higher.
7.4.3 Test cup and cover
Loosely assemble the cover and test cup. Adjust their temperature, using an external cooling bath (6.5) or
refrigerator if required, to at least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point or to –35 °C, whichever is the higher.
Use the thermal insulating cap (6.6) at lower temperatures.
Ensure that neither cooling liquid nor vapour from the cooling bath, that could affect the flash point of
the product under test, enters the test cup.
NOTE 1 Cooling a cover or test cup that is wet with water to below 0 °C can cause sticking due to ice (e.g.
sticking of the slide). Wiping the apparatus dry with a duster or a piece of absorbent paper before cooling to
below 0 °C is usually sufficient to prevent icing but, alternatively, icing can be minimized by the use of a thermal
insulating cap (6.6) and by lubricating the outer face of the lip of the test cup and the slide with a lubricant (5.3).
NOTE 2 A low humidity laboratory environment helps minimize the formation of ice crystals at test
temperatures of below 5 °C.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
7.5 Apparatus verification
7.5.1 Verify the correct functioning of the apparatus at least once a year by testing a certified reference
material (CRM) (see 5.4 and Annex D). The result obtained shall be equal to or less than R/2 from the
certified value of the CRM, where R is the reproducibility of the test. It is recommended that more frequent
verification checks be made using secondary working standards (SWS) (5.4).
A recommended procedure for apparatus verification using CRMs and SWSs, and for the production of
SWSs, is given in Annex D.
Do not use the numerical values obtained during verification checks to correct subsequent flash point
results or provide a bias statement.
7.5.2 Ensure the correct operation of electric hot wire ignition sources, in accordance with the
manufacturers’ instructions.
8 Sampling
8.1 Obtain samples in accordance with the procedures given in ISO 3170, ISO 3171, ISO 15528 or an
equivalent national standard unless otherwise agreed.
8.2 Place sufficient sample volume for testing in a tightly sealed container appropriate to the material
being sampled and, for safety purposes, ensure that the sample container is filled to between 85 % and
95 % of its capacity.
8.3 Store the samples in conditions that minimize vapour loss and pressure build-up. Avoid storing the
samples at temperatures in excess of 30,0 °C.
9 Sample handling
9.1 General
Since the presence of small proportions of highly volatile materials needs to be detected, this test should
be the first determination on a received sample to reduce the loss of these volatile materials.
9.2 Storage prior to testing
If an aliquot of the original sample is to be stored prior to testing, ensure that the container is filled to
more than 50 % of its capacity.
NOTE Results of flash point determinations can be affected if the sample volume falls below 50 % of the
container’s capacity.
9.3 Sample preparation
9.3.1 Sample cooling
Cool the sample to a temperature at least 17,0 °C below the expected flash point or to −35,0 °C, whichever
is the higher, before opening the container.
Cool liquids that crystallize on cooling to just above their melting points.
9.3.2 Samples containing undissolved water
If a sample contains water as a separate phase, decant an aliquot from the water prior to mixing.
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SIST EN ISO 13736:2013
ISO 13736:2013(E)
Flash point results can be affected by the presence of water. For certain fuels it is not always possible
to decant the sample from the free water. In such cases, the water should be separated from the aliquot
physically, prior to mixing, or, if this is not possible, the material should be tested in accordance with
[3]
ISO 3679.
9.3.3 Sample mixing
Mix samples by gentle manual shaking prior to the removal of the test portion, taking care to minimize
the loss of volatile components, and proceed in accordance with Clause 10.
10 Procedure
10.1 Using a barometer (6.4), record the ambient pressure in the vicinity of the apparatus at the time of test.
NOTE It is not necessary to correct the barometric pressure for ambient temperature, although some
barometers are designed to make this correction automatically.
10.2 Follow apparatus preparation (see Clause 7) and sample handling (see Clause 9) to adjust the
temperature of the Abel bath, cup and cover respectively.
10.3 Place the test cup in position in the apparatus and insert the test cup thermometer (6.2.1). Remove
the cover and pour in the test portion without undue agitation, avoiding as far as possible the formation of
air bubbles, until the level just reaches the point of the index gauge on the wall of the test cup. The sample
can be poured into the test cup before it is placed in position in the apparatus. Place the cover on the test
cup and push it down into position. Make any necessary mechanical or electrical connections to the cover
and, if a gas ignition source is used, ignite the ignition source flame, adjust its size to conform to the size of
the reference bead mounted on the cover of the test cup, and maintain it at that size throughout the test.
A pre-test dip of the ignition source is strongly recommended, before commencing heating of the
test portion, as this could indicate the presence of low flash point components. If a flash is detected,
discontinue the test, discard the test portion and proceed in accordance with 10.2, commencing the test
at a lower expected flash point temperature.
10.4 Apply heat to the heating vessel in such a manner that the temperature of the test portion in the test cup
rises at a rate of approximately 1 °C/min from the first application of the ignition source to the end of the test.
See A.2.5 for specific requirements for automated heating vessels.
10.5 Stir the test portion in a clockwise direction (i.e. to give a downward thrust) at 30 r/min ± 5 r/min.
Continue stirring in a steady manner for the duration of the test but do not stir during the application of
the ignition source.
10.6 When the temperature of the test portion reaches at least 9,0 °C below the expected flash point or
−35,0 °C, whichever is the higher, apply the ignition source by slowly and uniformly opening the slid
...
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