SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018

Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases - Part 4: Fume data sheets (ISO 15011-4:2017)

This document covers health and safety in welding and allied processes. It specifies requirements for
determination of the emission rate and chemical composition of welding fume in order to prepare fume
data sheets.
It applies to all filler materials used for joining or surfacing by arc welding using a manual, partly
mechanized or fully automatic process, depositing unalloyed steel, alloyed steel and non‑ferrous
alloys. Manual metal arc welding, gas‑shielded metal arc welding with solid wires, metal‑cored and
flux‑cored wires and arc welding with self‑shielded flux‑cored wires are included within the scope of
this document.

Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz beim Schweißen und bei verwandten Verfahren - Laborverfahren zum Sammeln von Rauch und Gasen - Teil 4: Rauchdatenblätter (ISO 15011-4:2017)

Dieses Dokument behandelt den Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz beim Schweißen und verwandten Verfahren. Es legt Anforderungen an die Bestimmung der Emissionsrate und der chemischen Zusammensetzung von Schweißrauch fest, um Rauchdatenblätter zu erstellen.
Es gilt für Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe zum Verbinden oder Plattieren durch Lichtbogenschweißen unter Verwendung eines manuellen, teilweise maschinellen oder vollständig automatischen Prozesses, bei dem entweder unlegierter Stahl, legierter Stahl oder Nichteisenlegierungen abgeschmolzen werden. Lichtbogen¬handschweißen, Metall-Schutzgasschweißen mit Massiv-, Metallkern- und Fülldrahtelektrode und Metall-Lichtbogenschweißen mit Fülldrahtelektrode ohne Schutzgas sind im Anwendungsbereich dieses Dokuments enthalten

Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes - Méthode de laboratoire d'échantillonnage des fumées et des gaz - Partie 4: Fiches d'information sur les fumées (ISO 15011-4:2017)

ISO 15011-4:2017 couvre l'hygiène et la sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes. Il spécifie les exigences relatives à la détermination des taux d'émission et à la composition chimique des fumées de soudage dans le but de préparer des fiches d'information sur les fumées.
ISO 15011-4:2017 s'applique à tous les métaux d'apport utilisés pour l'assemblage ou le rechargement par soudage à l'arc utilisant un procédé manuel, partiellement mécanisé ou entièrement automatisé déposant un acier non allié, un acier allié et des alliages non ferreux. Le soudage manuel à l'arc avec électrodes enrobées, le soudage à l'arc avec fil plein sous protection gazeuse, le soudage à l'arc avec fil fourré sous protection gazeuse et le soudage à l'arc avec fil fourré autoprotecteur sont inclus dans le domaine d'application du présent document.

Zdravje in varnost pri varjenju in sorodnih tehnikah - Laboratorijska metoda za vzorčenje dima in plinov - 4. del: Prikaz podatkov o dimu (ISO 15011-4:2017)

Ta dokument obravnava zdravje in varnost pri varjenju in sorodnih tehnikah. Podaja zahteve za določanje stopnje emisij in kemične sestave varilnega dima z namenom priprave prikaza podatkov o dimu.
Uporablja se za vse dodajne materiale, ki se uporabljajo za spajanje ali površinsko obdelavo z obločnim varjenjem prek ročnega, delno mehaniziranega ali popolnoma avtomatiziranega postopka, pri čemer so zvari iz nelegiranega jekla, legiranega jekla in neželeznih zlitin. Ročno obločno varjenje, obločno varjenje s plinsko zaščito ter masivno žico, stržensko žico s kovino ali stržensko žico s talilom ter obločno varjenje s stržensko žico z lastnim ščitom in s talilom so vključeni na področje uporabe tega dokumenta.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Sep-2018
• ICS: 13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
• ICS: 25.160.10 - Welding processes
• Technical Committee: VAR - Welding
• Current Stage: 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
• Start Date: 04-May-2018
• Due Date: 09-Jul-2018
• Completion Date: 17-Sep-2018
• Ref Project: EN ISO 15011-4:2018 - Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases - Part 4: Fume data sheets (ISO 15011-4:2017)

Relations

• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2006 - Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases - Part 4: Fume data sheets (ISO 15011-4:2006)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018
• Replaces: SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2006/A1:2009 - Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases - Part 4: Fume data sheets - Amendment 1 (ISO 15011-4:2006/Amd 1:2008)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
01-oktober-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2006
SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2006/A1:2009
=GUDYMHLQYDUQRVWSULYDUMHQMXLQVRURGQLKWHKQLNDK/DERUDWRULMVNDPHWRGD]D
Y]RUþHQMHGLPDLQSOLQRYGHO3ULND]SRGDWNRYRGLPX,62
Health and safety in welding and allied processes - Laboratory method for sampling fume
and gases - Part 4: Fume data sheets (ISO 15011-4:2017)
Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz beim Schweißen und bei verwandten Verfahren -
Laborverfahren zum Sammeln von Rauch und Gasen - Teil 4: Rauchdatenblätter (ISO
15011-4:2017)
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes - Méthode de laboratoire
d'échantillonnage des fumées et des gaz - Partie 4: Fiches d'information sur les fumées
(ISO 15011-4:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ICS:
13.100 Varnost pri delu. Industrijska Occupational safety.
higiena Industrial hygiene
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018


EN ISO 15011-4
EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

February 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.100; 25.160.10 Supersedes EN ISO 15011-4:2006
English Version

Health and safety in welding and allied processes -
Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases - Part 4:
Fume data sheets (ISO 15011-4:2017)
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz beim Schweißen und
- Méthode de laboratoire d'échantillonnage des fumées bei verwandten Verfahren - Laborverfahren zum
et des gaz - Partie 4: Fiches d'information sur les Sammeln von Rauch und Gasen - Teil 4:
fumées (ISO 15011-4:2017) Rauchdatenblätter (ISO 15011-4:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 December 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15011-4:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
EN ISO 15011-4:2018 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3

2

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
EN ISO 15011-4:2018 (E)
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 15011-4:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44 "Welding
and allied processes" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding and allied
processes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2018, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 15011-4:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15011-4:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15011-4:2018 without any
modification.


3

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15011-4
Second edition
2017-12
Health and safety in welding and
allied processes — Laboratory method
for sampling fume and gases —
Part 4:
Fume data sheets
Hygiène et sécurité en soudage et techniques connexes — Méthode de
laboratoire d'échantillonnage des fumées et des gaz —
Partie 4: Fiches d'information sur les fumées
Reference number
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Procedure. 2
6 Test conditions . 3
6.1 Generic test parameters . 3
6.2 Testing of manual metal arc welding electrodes . 5
6.3 Testing of solid, metal‑cored and flux‑cored wires used in gas‑shielded metal
arc welding . 5
6.4 Testing of flux‑cored wires used in self‑shielded metal arc welding. 7
7 Reporting of results . 8
7.1 Fume data sheet . 8
7.2 Transitional arrangements . 9
7.3 Retesting . 9
7.4 Data sharing . 9
7.5 Validation of fume data sheets .10
Annex A (normative) Fume data sheet .11
Annex B (informative) Optional additional section of a fume data sheet .13
Annex C (informative) Examples of performance data .14
Annex D (informative) Uses of welding fume data .16
Annex E (informative) Principal and key components of welding fume .19
Annex F (informative) Example of a welding consumable classification system .21
Annex G (informative) Example of a fume data sheet for a stainless steel manual metal arc
welding electrode (including the optional additional section) .22
Bibliography .24
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes,
Subcommittee SC 9, Health and safety.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15011-4:2006), which has been techni-
cally revised. It also incorporates the Amendment ISO 15011-4:2006/Amd.1:2008. The main change
compared to the previous edition is the replacement of indium (In) 3 times in Table C.4 to nickel (Ni).
Requests for official interpretations of any aspect of this document should be directed to the Secretariat
of ISO/TC 44/SC 9 via your national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

Introduction
Welding and allied processes produce airborne particles and gaseous by‑products that can be harmful
to human health. Knowledge of the quantity and composition of the airborne particles and gases
emitted can be useful for occupational hygienists in assessing workplace exposure and in determining
appropriate control measures.
Welding processes, consumables and parameters give rise to various fume emission rates, which in turn
lead to different welder exposures. Emission rate cannot be used directly to assess exposure. However,
processes, consumables and welding parameters that give lower emission rates generally result in
lower welder exposures than processes with higher emission rates used in the same working situation.
Clear instructions and supporting informative guidance are provided in order to ensure that the
welding conditions used are selected thoughtfully according to a standardized procedure. The need to
fully report the welding conditions used in the test is emphasized, and an example is provided of how
such information should be conveyed on a fume data sheet. This document also gives information about
how the data obtained can be used.
It has been assumed in the drafting of this document that the execution of its provisions and the
interpretation of the results obtained are entrusted to appropriately qualified and experienced people.
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018

---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15011-4:2017(E)
Health and safety in welding and allied processes —
Laboratory method for sampling fume and gases —
Part 4:
Fume data sheets
1 Scope
This document covers health and safety in welding and allied processes. It specifies requirements for
determination of the emission rate and chemical composition of welding fume in order to prepare fume
data sheets.
It applies to all filler materials used for joining or surfacing by arc welding using a manual, partly
mechanized or fully automatic process, depositing unalloyed steel, alloyed steel and non‑ferrous
alloys. Manual metal arc welding, gas‑shielded metal arc welding with solid wires, metal‑cored and
flux‑cored wires and arc welding with self‑shielded flux‑cored wires are included within the scope of
this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 15011-1, Health and safety in welding and allied processes — Laboratory method for sampling fume
and gases — Part 1: Determination of fume emission rate during arc welding and collection of fume for
analysis
ISO/TR 25901-2, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 2: Safety and health
ISO/TR 25901-3, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 3: Welding processes
EN 1540, Workplace atmospheres — Terminology
EN/TR 14599, Terms and definitions for welding purposes in relation with EN 1792
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TR 25901‑2, ISO/TR 25901‑3,
EN 1540, EN/TR 14599 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

3.1
additive limit value
limit value that, in the absence of specific knowledge of the combined health effects of a mixture of
chemical agents, is calculated on the basis that the health effects of the various components are at least
additive
Note 1 to entry: For complex substances that are mixtures of chemical agents, such as welding fume, individual
substances can have specific, independent health effects or they can have synergistic, additive or antagonistic
health effects.
3.2
additive welding fume limit value
additive limit value (3.1) for welding fume
3.3
key component of a welding fume
component of a welding fume that has the greatest occupational hygienic significance and therefore
requires the most stringent control measures to ensure that a welder is not exposed to an excessive
level of the substance concerned, i.e. it is the component whose limit value is exceeded at the lowest
welding fume concentration
3.4
key component welding fume limit value
limit value which, if not exceeded, ensures that no component of the welding fume has a concentration
above its limit value
3.5
principal component of the welding fume
component of a welding fume that is of occupational hygienic significance
3.6
single component welding fume limit value
limit value calculated for a single component which, if not exceeded, ensures that the component does
not have a concentration above its limit value
4 Principle
4.1 Tests are carried out to determine the emission rate and chemical composition of welding fume
produced when a welding consumable is used under a defined set of operating conditions. The welding
fume is generated in accordance with the procedure described in ISO 15011-1 and under the conditions
specified in this document.
4.2 Emission rate and chemical composition data are reported in a recommended format, and various
ways in which the data may be used are described.
5 Procedure
5.1 Determine the fume emission rate and/or collect fume samples for analysis, as required, in
accordance with the procedure described in ISO 15011‑1. Carry out the tests under the conditions
prescribed in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 as appropriate.
NOTE In practice, emission rates can vary significantly from those determined under the test conditions
specified in 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4 This is because the welding conditions used in the workplace can be significantly
different from those specified in this document. The conditions specified are typical of common practice and
have been standardized to generate comparative data for a welding fume consumable classification.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

5.2 Analyse the welding fume samples to generate chemical composition data for all the principal
components of the welding fume (see Table E.1). Identify these, if necessary, by carrying out an initial
qualitative analysis of the fume.
[1]
5.3 Estimate and report the uncertainty of measurements in accordance with the ISO GUM. See
Annex C for examples of performance data obtained in an interlaboratory comparison.
6 Test conditions
6.1 Generic test parameters
Table 1 lists the test parameters that apply to all the welding processes included in the scope of this
document and it also gives cross‑references for parameters that are process‑specific.
Where it is specified in Tables 1 to 6 that a test condition is established by an experienced welder, if
possible use the median of test conditions established by a number of experienced welders.
All instruments used for measuring test parameters shall have a calibration traceable to national
standards.
Table 1 — Generic test parameter
Purpose of
Parameter Test parameters
test
For processes other than gas-shielded metal arc welding with solid wires, de-
termine the FER for the smallest and largest diameter in the product range and
FER estimate the FER for other diameters by interpolation. For gas‑shielded metal
arc welding with solid wires, determine the FER for at least 1,0 mm and 1,2 mm
Diameter
diameter wires.
Generate chemical composition data by analysis of welding fume generated from
CC
any diameter.
For manual metal arc welding, see Table 2. For gas-shielded metal arc welding with
Current FER and CC solid, metal‑cored and flux‑cored wires, see Table 3. For self-shielded metal arc
welding with flux‑cored wires, see Table 6. Measure the current in the return lead.
For manual metal arc welding, see Table 2. For gas-shielded metal arc welding
Voltage FER and CC with solid, metal‑cored and flux‑cored wires, see Table 3. For self-shielded metal
arc welding with flux‑cored wires, see Table 6.
For manual metal arc welding, see Table 2. For gas-shielded metal arc welding
Polarity FER and CC with solid, metal‑cored and flux‑cored wires, see Table 3. For self-shielded metal
arc welding with flux‑cored wires, see Table 6.
Gas type and For gas‑shielded metal arc welding with solid, metal‑cored and flux‑cored wires,
FER and CC
gas flow see Table 3.
Welding speed FER and CC Use the optimum welding speed, as established by an experienced welder.
FER = fume emission rate
CC = chemical composition
© ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

Table 1 (continued)
Purpose of
Parameter Test parameters
test
Material: Use a test piece of unalloyed steel for generating fume from unalloyed,
low‑alloyed, high‑alloyed, cast iron, and surfacing consumables. Use a test piece
with a composition that is as similar as possible to that of the weld metal for gen-
erating fume from nickel alloy, aluminium alloy and copper alloy consumables.
Dimensions: Use a test piece of suitable dimensions, such that a weld can be con-
tinuously deposited for the desired arcing time, e.g. use a test piece of commercial
Test piece FER and CC
bar stock, 50 mm width × 10 mm thickness × 250 mm length, for deposition of
a linear weld. Other configurations, such as the deposition of a circular weld on
a rotating plate or pipe of suitable dimensions, may be used, provided that the
weld metal is not deposited on hot metal.
Preparation: Ensure that the surface of the test piece is degreased and free from
surface coating.
Use an inverter power source with ripple-free current, unless this is incompatible
Power source FER and CC with the consumable tested. In other cases, use the power source recommended
by the manufacturer. Note the set‑up of the machine on the fume data sheet.
For gas-shielded metal arc welding, use a water-cooled torch with a standard di-
ameter gas shroud, as recommended by the torch manufacturer. For self‑shielded
Torch FER and CC metal arc welding, use a water‑cooled torch designed specifically for self‑shielded
metal arc welding or use a water-cooled torch designed for gas-shielded metal
arc welding with the gas shroud removed.
Weld bead-on-plate. For gas-shielded metal arc welding and self-shielded metal
Configuration FER and CC
arc welding, position the torch at an angle of 90° to the test piece.
FER = fume emission rate
CC = chemical composition
The following lists the reasons for the test requirements in Table 1:
— Diameter: FER increases with consumable diameter because higher currents are used with larger
diameter consumables and FER increases with current. Consequently, FER data should ideally be
generated for all product diameters. However, the relationship between current and consumable
diameter is linear for processes within the scope of this document, other than gas-shielded metal
arc welding with solid wires. Hence, for these processes, it is permissible to generate FER data
for the smallest and largest diameter consumables in the product range, and estimate the FER of
other diameters by interpolation. For gas‑shielded metal arc welding with solid wire welding, the
relationship between diameter and FER is not linear and it is therefore necessary to generate FER
data for all wire diameters of interest. Consumable diameter does not influence CC to any great
extent, so it is sufficient to test one diameter only for CC measurements.
— Welding speed: The speed of welding does not significantly affect FER or CC. FER is increased
at very low welding speeds, but these are outside the range of optimum working conditions.
Hence, it is appropriate to carry out tests using an optimum welding speed, as established by an
experienced welder.
— Test piece: Cost considerations support the use of commercial bar stock. The test piece can influence
CC and possibly FER. From this, it is important to use a steel test piece for ferrous consumables and
test pieces made of comparable materials for non-ferrous consumables.
— Power source: For gas‑shielded metal arc welding, the welding machine type has a great influence
on the FER. Pulse welding is not addressed by this document, but it is expected that this exhibits a
lower FER than conventional welding and that the fume generated has a similar CC.
— Configuration: Bead‑on‑plate tests are recommended because they give a higher FER than fillet
welding and therefore represent the worst-case scenario. A 90° torch angle is used for gas-shielded
metal arc welding and self‑shielded metal arc welding because FER is affected by the torch angle,
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 16 ----------------------

SIST EN ISO 15011-4:2018
ISO 15011-4:2017(E)

and using this configuration avoids the need to specify whether the test should be carried out using
the push or pull technique. CC is not affected by the welding configuration.
6.2 Testing of manual metal arc welding electrodes
Generate fume from manual metal arc welding electrodes under the conditions given in Table 1 and
Table 2.
Table 2 — Parameters for testing of manual metal arc welding electrodes
Parameter Purpose of test Test parameters
Current FER and CC Use 90 % of the maximum of the current range recommended by the manufacturer.
Use optimum operating conditions (i.e. arc length), as established by an experi-
Voltage FER and CC enced welder, and record the voltage. Attach the reference lead of the measuring
instrument to the electrode holder.
Use the polarity recommended by the manufacturer, or if more than one polarity
Polarity FER and CC
is recommended, generate fume with the polarity used ordinarily.
The following lists the reasons for the test requirements in Table 2:
— Current: The FER increases with current. Therefore, in order to carry out measurements under
typical operating conditions, tests should be carried out at 90 % of the maximum of the current
range given by the manufacturer. CC does vary somewhat with current, but the effect is not great.
— Voltage: Voltage affects both FER and CC. However, the welder normally establishes an optimum
arc length for welding and this determines the voltage. The optimum conditions should not vary
much for an experienced welder.
— Polarity: Polarity does not significantly affect CC. The polarity d.c.+ (direct current, reverse
polarity) generally gives a higher FER than a.c., which in turn generally gives a higher FER than d.c.−
(direct current, direct polarity). However, the polarity used ordinarily leads to the most relevant
fume emission rate data.
6.
...