SIST EN 14276-1:2020
(Main)Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements
This document specifies the requirements for material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation for stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These systems are referenced in this document as refrigerating systems as defined in EN 378-1:2016.
The term "refrigerating system" used in this document includes heat pumps.
This document applies to vessels, including welded or brazed attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed, welded or brazed connectors, or to the edge to be welded or brazed at the first circumferential joint connecting piping or other elements.
This document applies to pressure vessels with an internal pressure down to -1 bar, to account for the evacuation of the vessel prior to charging with refrigerant.
This document applies to both the mechanical loading conditions and thermal conditions as defined in EN 13445-3:2014 associated with refrigerating systems. It applies to pressure vessels subject to the maximum allowable temperatures for which nominal design stresses for materials are derived using EN 13445-2:2014 and EN 13445-3:20141 or as specified in this document. In addition, vessels designed to this document can have a maximum allowable temperature not exceeding 200 °C and a maximum design pressure not exceeding 160 bar. Outside of these limits, it is important that the EN 13445 series be used for the design, construction and inspection of the vessel. Under these circumstances, it is important that the unique nature of refrigerating plant, as indicated in the introduction to this document, also be taken into account.
It is important that pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps of category less than II as defined in Annex H comply with other relevant clauses of EN 378-2:2016 for vessels.
This document applies to pressure vessels where the main pressure bearing parts are manufactured from metallic ductile materials as defined in Clause 4 and Annex I of this document.
This document does not apply to vessels of the following types:
- vessels of riveted construction;
- multi-layered, autofrettaged or prestressed vessels;
- vessels directly heated by a flame;
- "roll bond" heat exchangers.
Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine Anforderungen
Dieses Dokument legt die Anforderungen an Werkstoffe, Konstruktion, Herstellung, Prüfung und Dokumentation für ortsfeste Druckbehälter für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen fest. Diese Anlagen werden im vorliegenden Dokument als Kälteanlagen nach EN 378 1:2016 bezeichnet.
Der Begriff „Kälteanlage“ im vorliegenden Dokument beinhaltet Wärmepumpen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Behälter mit angeschweißten oder angelöteten Bauteilen, einschließlich Flanschen, Schraub , Schweiß oder Lötverbindungen, oder bis zu der ersten Schweiß oder Lötnaht für den Anschluss von Rohrleitungen oder anderen Teilen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Druckbehälter mit einem Innendruck bis −1 bar, um der Entleerung des Behälters vor dem Befüllen mit Kältemittel Rechnung zu tragen.
Dieses Dokument gilt sowohl für die mechanischen Belastungen als auch die thermischen Beanspruchungen nach den Festlegungen in EN 13445 3:2014 , die im Zusammenhang mit Kälteanlagen auftreten. Es gilt für Druckbehälter mit den maximal zulässigen Temperaturen, für die die zulässigen Nennspannungen (Berechnungsspannungen) für die Werkstoffe nach EN 13445 2:2014 und EN 13445 3:20141 abgeleitet werden oder in diesem Dokument festgelegt sind. Ferner können Behälter, die nach diesem Dokument ausgelegt sind, eine maximale zulässige Temperatur von 200 °C und einen maximalen Auslegungsdruck von 160 bar aufweisen. Außerhalb dieser Grenzwerte muss für die Konstruktion, Herstellung und Prüfung der Behälter grundsätzlich die Normenreihe EN 13445 herangezogen werden. In diesen Fällen müssen die besonderen Merkmale der Kälteanlage, wie in der Einleitung des vorliegenden Dokuments angegeben, ebenfalls berücksichtigt werden.
Druckbehälter für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen einer Kategorie unter II nach Anhang H müssen den einschlägigen Abschnitten in EN 378 2:2016 für Behälter entsprechen.
Dieses Dokument gilt für Druckbehälter, deren wichtigste drucktragende Teile aus duktilen metallischen Werkstoffen nach den Festlegungen in Abschnitt 4 und Anhang I dieses Dokuments hergestellt sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Behälter der folgenden Bauarten:
- Behälter mit Nietverbindungen;
- Mehrlagenbehälter, kaltgereckte (Autofrettage) oder vorgespannte Behälter;
- direkt durch Flammen beheizte Behälter;
- „Roll bond“ Wärmeaustauscher.
Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie 1 : Récipients - Exigences générales
Le présent document spécifie les exigences relatives aux matériaux, à la conception, à la fabrication, aux essais et à la documentation concernant les récipients sous pression fixes destinés à être utilisés dans des systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur. Ces systèmes sont dénommés dans le présent document, systèmes de réfrigération tels que défini dans l’EN 378-1:2016.
Le terme « système frigorifique » utilisé dans le présent document inclut les pompes à chaleur.
Le présent document s’applique aux récipients comportant les raccords soudés ou brasés y compris les brides de tubulure, les raccords vissés, soudés ou brasés ou d’autre part au bord à souder ou à braser au premier joint circulaire de raccordement à la tuyauterie ou à d’autres éléments.
Le présent document s’applique aux récipients soumis à une pression intérieure jusqu’à -1 bar nécessaire pour réaliser la vidange du récipient avant de charger le fluide frigorigène.
Le présent document concerne les conditions de chargement mécanique et les conditions thermiques telles que définies dans l’EN 13445-3:2014 1 associées aux systèmes de réfrigération. Il s’applique aux récipients sous pression soumis aux températures maximales admissibles pour lesquelles sont induites les contraintes nominales de calcul en utilisant l'EN 13445-2:2014 2 et l'EN 13445-3:2014 1 ou telles que spécifiées dans le présent document. En outre, les récipients conçus conformément au présent document ont une température maximale admissible n’excédant pas 200 °C et une pression maximale de conception n’excédant pas 160 bar. En dehors de ces limites, la série de normes EN 13445 est utilisée pour la conception, la construction et l’inspection du récipient. Dans ces circonstances, la nature particulière de l’installation de réfrigération, tel qu’indiqué dans l’introduction du présent document, doit également être prise en compte.
Il est important que les récipients sous pression, utilisés dans les systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur de catégorie inférieure à la catégorie II, comme définis à l’Annexe H soient conformes aux autres articles pertinents de l’EN 378-2:2016 concernant les récipients.
Le présent document s’applique aux récipients dont les parties principales sous pression sont fabriquées en matériaux métalliques ductiles tels que définis à l’Article 4 et à l’Annexe I du présent document.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux récipients des types suivants :
- les récipients rivés ;
- les récipients multicouches, auto frettés ou précontraints ;
- les récipients directement soumis à l’action de la flamme ;
- les échangeurs de chaleur de type « roll bond ».
1 En considération des EN 13445-3:2014/A1:2015, EN 13445-3:2014/A2:2016, EN 13445-3:2014/A3:2017, EN 13445-3:2014/A4:2018 et EN 13445-3:2014/A5:2018.
2 En considération des EN 13445-2:2014/A1:2016, EN 13445-2:2014/A2:2018 et EN 13445-2:2014/A3:2018.
Tlačna oprema za hladilne sisteme in toplotne črpalke - 1. del: Posode - Splošne zahteve
General Information
Relations
Overview
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 - "Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements" specifies requirements for the material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation of stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Adopted by CEN and issued by SIST, the standard applies to vessels (including welded or brazed attachments up to nozzle flanges and related connectors) and covers internal pressures down to -1 bar (to allow for evacuation prior to charging). It applies to vessels made from metallic ductile materials and sets limits: maximum allowable temperature ≤ 200 °C and maximum design pressure ≤ 160 bar. Vessels outside these limits should be designed in accordance with the EN 13445 series.
Key technical topics and requirements
- Scope & applicability: Stationary pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps; includes thermal and mechanical loading conditions referenced to EN 13445-3:2014. Exclusions include riveted, multi-layered/autofrettaged/prestressed vessels, flame-heated vessels and roll-bond heat exchangers.
- Materials: Material selection and documentation requirements for pressure-retaining parts, cladding considerations, and prevention of brittle fracture for ductile metallic materials.
- Design: Corrosion allowance and protection, loading conditions, design/maximum allowable pressures and temperatures, joint coefficients, design stresses and methods (design by formulas or referenced calculation methods).
- Manufacturing: Material traceability, manufacturing tolerances, welding and brazing qualifications, post-weld heat treatment, forming, repairs and finishing.
- Testing & inspection: Non-destructive and destructive examination of joints, pressure and leak testing, final inspection, marking and documentation requirements including manufacturer instructions and records.
- Safety & classification: Vessel categorization (pressure equipment categories), fluid classification and interaction with EN 378 requirements for lower-category equipment.
Practical applications
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 is used to ensure safe, compliant pressure vessels in refrigeration and heat pump installations across commercial, industrial and large residential HVACR projects. It guides:
- Design engineers on allowable stresses, temperatures and pressure limits
- Manufacturers on welding, brazing, material traceability and production inspections
- Testing laboratories and notified bodies performing pressure/ leak tests and conformity assessments
- Plant owners and installers needing compliant documentation, marking and manufacturer instructions
Related standards
- EN 378-1:2016 (refrigerating systems & heat pumps definitions)
- EN 378-2:2016 (relevant clauses for vessels of lower categories)
- EN 13445-2:2014 and EN 13445-3:2014 (unfired pressure vessels design and thermal/mechanical loading)
- EN 14276-1:2006+A1:2011 (superseded)
Keywords: pressure equipment, refrigerating systems, heat pumps, pressure vessels, EN 14276-1, material requirements, design, manufacturing, testing, documentation.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 is a standard published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements". This standard covers: This document specifies the requirements for material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation for stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These systems are referenced in this document as refrigerating systems as defined in EN 378-1:2016. The term "refrigerating system" used in this document includes heat pumps. This document applies to vessels, including welded or brazed attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed, welded or brazed connectors, or to the edge to be welded or brazed at the first circumferential joint connecting piping or other elements. This document applies to pressure vessels with an internal pressure down to -1 bar, to account for the evacuation of the vessel prior to charging with refrigerant. This document applies to both the mechanical loading conditions and thermal conditions as defined in EN 13445-3:2014 associated with refrigerating systems. It applies to pressure vessels subject to the maximum allowable temperatures for which nominal design stresses for materials are derived using EN 13445-2:2014 and EN 13445-3:20141 or as specified in this document. In addition, vessels designed to this document can have a maximum allowable temperature not exceeding 200 °C and a maximum design pressure not exceeding 160 bar. Outside of these limits, it is important that the EN 13445 series be used for the design, construction and inspection of the vessel. Under these circumstances, it is important that the unique nature of refrigerating plant, as indicated in the introduction to this document, also be taken into account. It is important that pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps of category less than II as defined in Annex H comply with other relevant clauses of EN 378-2:2016 for vessels. This document applies to pressure vessels where the main pressure bearing parts are manufactured from metallic ductile materials as defined in Clause 4 and Annex I of this document. This document does not apply to vessels of the following types: - vessels of riveted construction; - multi-layered, autofrettaged or prestressed vessels; - vessels directly heated by a flame; - "roll bond" heat exchangers.
This document specifies the requirements for material, design, manufacturing, testing and documentation for stationary pressure vessels intended for use in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. These systems are referenced in this document as refrigerating systems as defined in EN 378-1:2016. The term "refrigerating system" used in this document includes heat pumps. This document applies to vessels, including welded or brazed attachments up to and including the nozzle flanges, screwed, welded or brazed connectors, or to the edge to be welded or brazed at the first circumferential joint connecting piping or other elements. This document applies to pressure vessels with an internal pressure down to -1 bar, to account for the evacuation of the vessel prior to charging with refrigerant. This document applies to both the mechanical loading conditions and thermal conditions as defined in EN 13445-3:2014 associated with refrigerating systems. It applies to pressure vessels subject to the maximum allowable temperatures for which nominal design stresses for materials are derived using EN 13445-2:2014 and EN 13445-3:20141 or as specified in this document. In addition, vessels designed to this document can have a maximum allowable temperature not exceeding 200 °C and a maximum design pressure not exceeding 160 bar. Outside of these limits, it is important that the EN 13445 series be used for the design, construction and inspection of the vessel. Under these circumstances, it is important that the unique nature of refrigerating plant, as indicated in the introduction to this document, also be taken into account. It is important that pressure vessels used in refrigerating systems and heat pumps of category less than II as defined in Annex H comply with other relevant clauses of EN 378-2:2016 for vessels. This document applies to pressure vessels where the main pressure bearing parts are manufactured from metallic ductile materials as defined in Clause 4 and Annex I of this document. This document does not apply to vessels of the following types: - vessels of riveted construction; - multi-layered, autofrettaged or prestressed vessels; - vessels directly heated by a flame; - "roll bond" heat exchangers.
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.020.32 - Pressure vessels; 27.080 - Heat pumps; 27.200 - Refrigerating technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to SIST EN 14276-1:2007+A1:2011, SIST EN 14276-1:2020/oprA1:2023, SIST EN 14276-1:2007+A1:2011. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/68/EU; Standardization Mandates: M/071. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase SIST EN 14276-1:2020 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of SIST standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 14276-1:2007+A1:2011
Tlačna oprema za hladilne sisteme in toplotne črpalke - 1. del: Posode - Splošne
zahteve
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels -
General requirements
Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen - Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine
Anforderungen
Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie
1 : Récipients - Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14276-1:2020
ICS:
23.020.32 Tlačne posode Pressure vessels
27.080 Toplotne črpalke Heat pumps
27.200 Hladilna tehnologija Refrigerating technology
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 14276-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 23.020.30; 27.080; 27.200 Supersedes EN 14276-1:2006+A1:2011
English Version
Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat
pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements
Équipements sous pression pour systèmes de Druckgeräte für Kälteanlagen und Wärmepumpen -
réfrigération et pompes à chaleur - Partie 1 : Récipients Teil 1: Behälter - Allgemeine Anforderungen
- Exigences générales
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14276-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 8
Introduction . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 14
3.1 Terms and definitions . 14
3.2 Symbols, descriptions and units . 17
4 Materials . 20
4.1 General . 20
4.2 Requirements for materials to be used for pressurized parts . 20
4.3 Requirements for materials . 20
4.3.1 General . 20
4.3.2 Cladding . 21
4.3.3 Special considerations . 21
4.4 Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture . 22
4.4.1 General . 22
4.4.2 Material requirements . 23
4.5 Material documentation . 23
4.6 Materials for non-pressure retaining parts . 23
5 Pressure vessel classification . 23
5.1 Category of vessel . 23
5.2 Fluid classification . 24
6 Design . 25
6.1 General . 25
6.2 Corrosion and corrosion protection . 25
6.2.1 General . 25
6.2.2 Internal corrosion . 25
6.2.3 External corrosion . 25
6.2.4 Corrosion allowance information . 25
6.3 Stress corrosion cracking . 26
6.4 Loading. 26
6.5 Maximum allowable pressure PS . 26
6.6 Design pressure P . 26
d
6.7 Calculation pressure P or P . 27
c
6.8 Design temperature t . 27
d
6.9 Minimum material temperature . 27
6.10 Calculation temperature t . 27
c
6.10.1 General . 27
6.10.2 Vessel without heater . 27
6.10.3 Vessel with heater . 28
6.11 Joint coefficient . 28
6.12 Design stress . 30
6.13 Access and inspection openings, venting and draining provisions, filling and
discharge provisions and handling devices . 32
6.13.1 Non corrosive fluids . 32
6.13.2 Corrosive fluids . 32
6.13.3 Venting and draining provisions . 32
6.13.4 Filling and discharge provision . 32
6.13.5 Handling devices . 32
6.14 Methods for design . 33
6.14.1 General . 33
6.14.2 Design by formulas (DBF) . 33
6.14.3 Joint design . 38
7 Manufacturing . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Material traceability . 40
7.3 Manufacturing tolerances. 40
7.4 Permanent joints . 40
7.4.1 General . 40
7.4.2 Permanent joint and operator qualification. 40
7.4.3 Permanent joint operations and traceability . 40
7.4.4 Welding . 40
7.4.5 Brazing . 41
7.4.6 Permanent joints by deformation . 43
7.4.7 Non-permanent joints . 43
7.5 Forming of pressure parts . 44
7.5.1 General . 44
7.5.2 Deep drawing . 44
7.6 Post weld heat treatment . 45
7.7 Internal cleanness . 45
7.8 Repairs/Reworks . 45
7.9 Finishing operations . 45
8 Testing and inspection . 45
8.1 Performance of inspection and testing . 45
8.2 Design documentation, review and approval . 46
8.2.1 General . 46
8.2.2 Design documentation . 46
8.2.3 Design examination and design approval. 47
8.2.4 Design documentation change . 48
8.3 Type examination . 48
8.4 Calibration . 48
8.5 Material . 48
8.6 Manufacturing . 49
8.7 Non-destructive and destructive testing of welded joints . 49
8.8 Brazed joints . 50
8.9 Subcontracted elements . 50
8.10 Final inspection . 50
8.10.1 General . 50
8.10.2 Visual examination . 50
8.10.3 Examination of documentation . 51
8.10.4 Pressure test . 51
8.10.5 Leak test . 51
8.11 Marking . 52
8.12 Documentation . 52
8.12.1 General . 52
8.12.2 Manufacturer’s instruction . 52
8.12.3 Technical documentation for user . 53
8.12.4 Records . 53
Annex A (normative) Alternative requirements for prevention of brittle fracture: Method
according to temperature stress cases . 55
A.1 General . 55
A.2 Temperature stress cases . 57
A.3 Determination of lowest application temperatures for stress cases min t , min t
0 75 0
and min t . 57
50 0 25
A.4 Welding conditions . 58
A.4.1 Welded connections . 58
A.4.2 Heat treatment after welding . 59
A.5 Proof of notch impact energy . 59
Annex B (normative) Specification and approval of brazing procedures . 60
B.1 Introduction . 60
B.2 General . 60
B.2.1 Responsibility . 60
B.2.2 Specification of brazing procedures . 60
B.2.3 Technical content of BPS. 61
B.3 Test piece . 66
B.4 Examination and testing . 66
B.4.1 General . 66
B.4.2 Visual examination . 67
B.4.3 Tensile test . 67
B.4.4 Bend test . 67
B.4.5 Peel test . 68
B.4.6 Metallographic examination . 68
B.5 Range of approval . 68
B.5.1 General . 68
B.5.2 Related to the manufacturer . 68
B.5.3 Related to the material. 68
B.5.3.1 Parent metal . 68
B.5.3.2 Thickness . 69
B.5.4 Range of approval . 69
B.5.4.1 General . 69
B.5.4.2 Angle of branch connection . 70
B.5.4.3 Brazing process . 70
B.5.4.4 Flow position . 70
B.5.4.5 Joint design . 70
B.5.4.6 Filler material . 70
B.5.4.7 Brazing temperature . 71
B.5.4.8 Brazing flux . 71
B.5.4.9 Fuel gas, atmosphere, nature of flame or type of energy . 71
B.5.4.10 Post braze heat treatment . 71
B.6 Brazing Procedure Approval Record (BPAR) . 71
Annex C (normative) Pressure testing . 72
C.1 Pressure test . 72
C.1.1 General . 72
C.1.2 Basic requirements . 72
C.1.2.1 Pressure vessels . 72
C.1.2.2 Accessories . 72
C.1.2.3 Safety . 72
C.1.2.4 Hydraulic test . 72
C.1.2.5 Pneumatic test . 73
C.1.3 Pressure test . 73
C.1.3.1 Value of test pressure . 73
C.1.3.2 Specific value of test pressure for compressor housing . 73
C.1.3.3 Temperature requirement . 73
C.1.3.4 Test procedure . 74
C.1.3.5 Pass fail criteria . 74
C.1.3.6 Requirements for pressure gauges . 74
C.1.4 Final test report . 74
C.2 Acoustic emission examination . 75
Annex D (normative) Relations between the different pressures . 76
Annex E (normative) Experimental design methods . 77
E.1 Introduction. 77
E.1.1 General . 77
E.1.2 Methods . 77
E.1.3 Documentation . 78
E.1.4 Duplicate or similar parts . 78
E.1.4.1 General . 78
E.1.4.2 Duplicate parts . 78
E.1.4.3 Geometrically similar part . 78
E.1.5 Examination of the components or the vessel . 78
E.1.6 Application of pressure . 78
E.1.7 Material properties . 79
E.2 Strain gauge test method . 79
E.2.1 General . 79
E.2.2 Procedure. 79
E.3 Burst test . 80
E.3.1 General . 80
E.3.2 Procedure. 80
E.3.3 Burst pressure . 80
E.4 Housings of hermetic compressors of testing group 2b and vessels of testing group
2b . 80
E.4.1 General . 80
E.4.2 Burst test method for housings of vessels . 82
E.4.3 Burst test method for housings of compressor . 82
E.4.4 Combined burst test / fatigue test method for housings of compressor . 83
E.4.4.1 General and burst tests . 83
E.4.4.2 Additional fatigue test . 84
Annex F (normative) Material characteristics for design . 86
Annex G (informative) Component classification in the sense of the
Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) . 90
Annex H (informative) Selection of category . 92
H.1 General . 92
H.2 Definition of category for vessels for refrigerating pressure vessel . 92
Annex I (normative) Grouping system for materials (extracted from CEN ISO/TR 15608) . 93
I.1 Grouping system for steels . 93
I.2 Grouping system for aluminium and aluminium alloys . 93
I.3 Grouping system for copper and copper alloys . 94
Annex J (informative) DN System . 95
Annex K (normative) Specification and approval of expansion procedures and operators . 97
K.1 General . 97
K.1.1 General rules . 97
K.1.2 Responsibility . 97
K.1.3 Specification of expansion procedures . 97
K.1.4 Technical content of EPS . 97
K.2 Test piece . 99
K.3 Examination and testing . 99
K.3.1 General . 99
K.3.2 Visual examination . 99
K.3.3 Dimensional verification . 99
K.3.4 Tests . 100
K.4 Range of approval . 100
K.4.1 General . 100
K.4.2 Related to the manufacturer . 100
K.4.3 Related to the material . 100
K.4.4 Tube dimensions . 100
K.4.5 Expansion factor . 100
K.4.6 Expansion process . 100
K.4.7 Joint design . 100
K.4.8 Tool . 100
K.5 Expansion Procedure Approval Record (EPAR) . 101
K.6 Expansion operator approval . 101
K.6.1 General . 101
K.6.2 Validity range of expansion operator qualification . 101
K.6.3 Qualification tests . 101
K.6.3.1 General . 101
K.6.3.2 Test piece . 101
K.6.3.3 Assessment of the test piece . 101
K.6.4 Examination and testing . 101
K.6.5 Period of validity . 102
K.6.5.1 Initial approval . 102
K.6.5.2 Prolongation . 102
K.6.6 Certification . 102
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU (Pressure equipment Directive) aimed to be
covered . 103
Bibliography . 105
European foreword
This document (EN 14276-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 182
“Refrigerating systems, safety and environmental requirements”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by August 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document will supersede EN 14276-1:2006+A1:2011.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 14276, Pressure equipment for refrigerating systems and heat pumps, is currently composed with the
following parts:
— Part 1: Vessels – General requirements;
— Part 2: Piping – General requirements.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document recognizes the unique nature of vessels for refrigerating systems or heat pumps and is
intended to address the specific needs of the refrigeration and heat pump industry. This document should
be read in conjunction with the various parts of the EN 13445 series.
When the text of this document modifies or supplements a clause within the EN 13445 series, then this
document should prevail. Where this document does not modify or supplement the requirements of a
clause, the requirements of the EN 13445 series should prevail.
The unique nature of a refrigerating system is defined as follows:
a) the purpose of the refrigerating system is to extract and reject heat (this involves both cooling and
heating);
b) to operate the refrigerating system a pressure-imposing element (e.g. a compressor or an energy
source) is necessary;
c) the refrigerating system has a defined refrigerant charge in a closed circuit;
d) the refrigerant has a chemical composition and purity defined in the relevant standards;
e) the pressure of the refrigerant decreases when the temperature decreases (see typical curve in
Annex A of this document);
f) due to the maximum temperature limit of 200 °C and the maximum pressure limit of 160 bar, the
time dependant creep and fatigue due to pressure variation or vibrations are not significant design
factors except for some materials such as aluminium, copper and titanium where the fatigue should
be taken into account;
g) the risk of overpressure is due to:
1) the pressure imposing element;
2) an external heat source (e.g. fire or hot water);
3) improper operation.
h) the refrigerating system is designed to minimize refrigerant emissions and the ingress of
contaminants.
Hermetic compressors are covered by this document.
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for material, design, manufacturing, testing and
documentation for stationary pressure vessels intended
...
The SIST EN 14276-1:2020 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the requirements concerning pressure equipment utilized in refrigerating systems and heat pumps. Its scope effectively encompasses the material specifications, design criteria, manufacturing processes, testing protocols, and necessary documentation for stationary pressure vessels. This detail ensures that all aspects related to the safety and efficacy of these pressure vessels are systematically addressed. One of the key strengths of this standard is the clarity it provides in defining the boundary of "refrigerating systems," which includes heat pumps, aligning with EN 378-1:2016. This alignment enhances the standard’s relevance in ensuring consistency across similar documents used in the industry. Additionally, the specification of conditions such as internal pressure ranges down to -1 bar for evacuation processes before refrigerant charging emphasizes a safety-first approach, crucial for operational integrity and user safety. Another strength lies in the comprehensive consideration of mechanical and thermal loading conditions as defined in EN 13445-3:2014. This is particularly pertinent for engineers and manufacturers, enabling them to ensure that design stresses and maximum allowable temperatures (up to 200 °C) are well understood and adhered to. The distinction made regarding the maximum design pressure of 160 bar further aids in delineating the operational limits of the pressure vessels, ensuring safer application and compliance. The document’s relevance is underscored by its specification that pressure vessels must be constructed from metallic ductile materials as outlined in Clause 4 and Annex I, promoting durability and reliability under operational pressures. Furthermore, it clearly identifies excluded vessel types, which helps prevent misapplication of the standard and clarifies its focus on modern manufacturing techniques. Moreover, for vessels categorized under less than II, it serves as a reminder to comply with pertinent clauses of EN 378-2:2016, reinforcing that this standard is not an isolated document but part of an integrated suite of standards that govern pressure equipment. The clear delineation of applicable vessel characteristics enhances user comprehension and ensures uniformity in adherence across different manufacturing entities. Overall, the SIST EN 14276-1:2020 standard serves as an indispensable resource within the refrigerating systems and heat pumps sector, establishing robust benchmarks for safety, reliability, and industry conformity. Its well-defined scope and thorough detail make it a cornerstone document for the design, construction, and inspection of pressure vessels.
La norme SIST EN 14276-1:2020 établit des exigences claires et précises pour les équipements sous pression destinés aux systèmes de réfrigération et aux pompes à chaleur. Son champ d'application est essentiel, car il couvre tous les aspects nécessaires à la conception, à la fabrication, aux essais et à la documentation des réservoirs sous pression. En précisant que souvent, ces systèmes sont désignés comme des systèmes de réfrigération selon EN 378-1:2016, la norme s'assure d'une cohérence et d'une compréhension partagées dans le secteur. Un des points forts de cette norme est son attention portée à la sécurité et à la performance des réservoirs. Elle prend en compte les conditions de charge mécanique et thermique spécifiées dans EN 13445-3:2014, garantissant ainsi que les équipements conçus répondent aux exigences de résistance nécessaires pour une utilisation correcte dans les systèmes de réfrigération. De plus, en limitant la température maximale à 200 °C et la pression de conception maximale à 160 bar, la norme établit des références claires qui protègent les utilisateurs tout en optimisant la performance des systèmes. Il convient également de noter que la norme exclut certains types de réservoirs, tels que ceux de construction rivetée ou directement chauffés par une flamme, ce qui permet de concentrer les exigences sur les matériaux métalliques ductiles, conformément à la Clause 4 et à l'Annexe I de ce document. Cette exclusivité garantit que seuls les réservoirs conformes aux standards les plus élevés sont utilisés dans des environnements critiques, reflétant ainsi la pertinence de la norme pour les systèmes de réfrigération modernes. La conformité avec d'autres clauses de la norme EN 378-2:2016 est également soulignée pour les réservoirs appartenant à une catégorie inférieure à II, ce qui démontre l’intégration de la SIST EN 14276-1:2020 dans un cadre réglementaire plus large et son importance pour la sécurité des systèmes de réfrigération. Dans l'ensemble, la norme SIST EN 14276-1:2020 se révèle être un document de référence incontournable dans le domaine des équipements sous pression pour les systèmes de réfrigération et les pompes à chaleur, assurant ainsi une base solide pour la conception, la fabrication et l'inspection des réservoirs.
SIST EN 14276-1:2020は、冷却システムおよび熱ポンプ用の圧力機器に関する重要な標準であり、特に圧力容器に関する一般要件を規定しています。このドキュメントは、冷却システムおよび熱ポンプに使用される固定圧力容器に対する材料、設計、製造、試験および文書化の要求事項を明確に示しています。 この標準の主な強みは、リフリゲレーションシステムに適用されるさまざまな条件に対応する包括的なガイドラインを提供する点です。具体的には、EN 378-1:2016で定義された冷却システムを基に、適切な機械的及び熱的荷重条件を解説しており、EN 13445-2:2014およびEN 13445-3:2014に基づく材料特性を考慮した設計が可能です。最大許容温度が200℃、最大設計圧力が160バールを超えない圧力容器に特化した要件も提供します。 また、冷却システムおよび熱ポンプの機能に必要な、特定の構造（溶接またはろう付け接続を含む）や内部圧力条件（-1バールまでの内圧）に関する規定も詳細に盛り込まれており、運用時の安全性を高めています。さらに、冷却システムおよび熱ポンプの設計にあたる際、特にII未満のカテゴリに属する圧力容器に対しては、関連する他の条項（EN 378-2:2016）を遵守する重要性が強調されています。 この標準は、金属延性材料で主たる圧力保持部品が製造される圧力容器についても具体的に対応しており、信頼性の高い製造及び運用をサポートしています。ただし、リベット構造、複合層構造、フレーム加熱された容器、ロールボンド熱交換器といった特定のタイプの容器には適用されないため、使用する際には注意が必要です。 全体として、SIST EN 14276-1:2020は冷却システムおよび熱ポンプに関連する圧力容器に関して、業界における安全性と規範的な要件を確実に満たすための強力なフレームワークを提供しています。これにより、冷却技術の進展とともに、信頼性のある運用を保障することが可能になります。
Die Norm SIST EN 14276-1:2020 definiert umfassend die Anforderungen an Materialien, Konstruktion, Herstellung, Prüfung und Dokumentation für stationäre Druckbehälter, die in Kältesystemen und Wärmepumpen eingesetzt werden. Diese Norm ist besonders relevant für Fachleute in der Kältetechnik, da sie sowohl die mechanischen als auch die thermischen Bedingungen in Übereinstimmung mit EN 13445-3:2014 behandelt. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die Einbeziehung von Druckbehältern, die für Drücke von bis zu -1 bar ausgelegt sind, um den Evakuierungsprozess der Behälter vor dem Befüllen mit Kältemittel zu berücksichtigen. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Anforderungen an die Sicherheit und Leistungsfähigkeit der Behälter in verschiedenen Betriebsbedingungen erfüllt werden. Die Norm spezifiziert zudem die maximalen zulässigen Temperaturen von bis zu 200 °C und maximalen Betriebsdrücke von 160 bar. Durch diese klaren Grenzwerte bietet die Norm eine wertvolle Orientierungshilfe für Ingenieure, die in der Planung und im Bau von Kältesystemen tätig sind. Bei Überschreitung dieser Grenzen stellt die Norm sicher, dass auf die EN 13445-Serie verwiesen wird, die zusätzliche Richtlinien für Druckbehälter bietet. Des Weiteren sind die Anforderungen an die Hauptdruck tragenden Teile, die aus metallischen duktilen Materialien hergestellt werden müssen, klar definiert. Dieser Aspekt der Norm trägt wesentlich zur Sicherheit und Langlebigkeit der Kältesysteme und Wärmepumpen bei. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Norm SIST EN 14276-1:2020 ist die Berücksichtigung internationaler Standards, da die Norm auf den Definitionen und Anforderungen der EN 378-1:2016 aufbaut. Dies fördert die Internationalisierung und Standardisierung in der Branche und erleichtert den Austausch von Informationen zwischen Fachleuten und Unternehmen. Insgesamt stellt die Norm SIST EN 14276-1:2020 eine wesentliche Grundlage für die Sicherheit und Zuverlässigkeit von Druckbehältern in Kältesystemen und Wärmepumpen dar. Ihre präzisen Anforderungen und klaren Richtlinien sind entscheidend für die ordnungsgemäße Anwendung in der Praxis und für die Erfüllung der Sicherheitsstandards in der Kältetechnik.
SIST EN 14276-1:2020 표준 문서는 냉동 시스템 및 히트 펌프에 사용되는 압력 용기의 일반 요구 사항을 규정하고 있습니다. 이 문서는 냉동 시스템과 히트 펌프의 응용에 필요한 모든 요구 사항을 명확히 하여, 금속성 연성 재료로 제작된 정적 압력 용기가 안전하고 효율적으로 설계되고 제조될 수 있도록 지원합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 기계적 하중과 열적 조건을 포괄적으로 다루며, EN 13445-2:2014 및 EN 13445-3:2014에서 도출된 재료의 공칭 설계 응력을 기준으로 하고 있다는 점입니다. 특히, 최대 허용 온도가 200 °C, 최대 설계 압력이 160 bar로 제한되며, 이 범위 밖에서는 EN 13445 시리즈를 적용해야 한다는 명확한 규정이 있습니다. 이는 냉동 시스템의 독특한 특성을 고려한 안전성과 신뢰성을 보장합니다. 또한, 이 문서는 용접 또는 브레이징 부가물, 나사 연결 및 최초 원주 이음새에서 접합될 다른 요소와의 연결을 포함하여 모든 용기의 적용 범위를 상세히 명시하고 있습니다. 이는 다양한 구조적 요건에 적합하여 다양한 냉동 시스템에서의 사용을 가능하게 합니다. SIST EN 14276-1:2020은 기본 압력 지지 부품이 금속성 연성 재료로 제작된 압력 용기에 적용되며, 이는 냉동 시스템의 효과적인 작동을 위한 필수 요건을 충족시키기 위해 중요합니다. 하지만 리벳 구조의 용기나 다중층, 오토프레타지드 또는 프리스트레스트 용기, 화염에 의해 직접 가열되는 용기와 같은 특정 유형의 압력 용기에는 적용되지 않는다는 점을 명확히 하고 있습니다. 이러한 기준은 냉동 시스템 및 히트 펌프를 안전하고 효과적으로 설계하는 데 필수적입니다. 결론적으로, SIST EN 14276-1:2020 표준은 냉동 시스템 및 히트 펌프에서 사용되는 압력 용기 설계와 제작에 있어 매우 중요한 로드맵을 제공하며, 관련 산업에 필수적이고 효율적인 요구사항을 조화롭게 통합하고 있습니다.
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